德國物流部門：關於重要因素與機會的戰略性評價 是由出版商Infolitics在2008年10月所出版的。
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Abstract
1 Executive Summary
India is one of the fastest growing economies of the world today. This growth
is fuelled by growth in infrastructure, booming manufacturing sector, EXIM
trade, retail and agricultural related activities amongst others. Logistics
assumes central activity in these growth areas. In India logistics cost, as a
proportion of GDP, stands today at 13 per cent which is set to rise as the
Indian economy shifts from service oriented economy to that of non-service
activities, like, manufacturing and food-processing etc. Rural logistics is
set to contribute a larger share to this increase as the infrastructure
related to agricultural activity unfolds.
With rising disposable income, changing lifestyle, focus of government and
private sector on rural and agricultural related activities, the rural
logistics has received special attention in the past two to three years. Rural
logistics, though lucrative, has a number of challenges which makes it
difficult to tap the opportunity. Development of cold chain / warehousing
infrastructure, thus, remains at the core of the government' s plan to enable
growth of rural areas, provide employment opportunities for rural youths, meet
India' s growing food demand etc. Similar is the trend in cities which have
witnessed changing lifestyle and shift to consumerism which is further
fuelling national intra-trade activity and thus the logistics sector.
Indian economy is opening up and one recent step in this direction is the
signing of India-ASEAN trade agreement which will likely to push trade through
Eastern Coast of India many folds. The inclusion of India into Nuclear
Suppliers Group (NSG) and civilian nuclear co-operation agreements with USA
and France, and another one in pipeline with Russia is a pre-cursor to the
increase in trade activities with major powers of the world. By 2030, the
economic benefits that will accrue to India' s economy, as a result of the
nuclear trade could touch US $500 billion. Further, the government is
strengthening the infrastructure with over US $70 billion of investment
planned till 2012. Logistics will be one sector which will be the backbone of
flourishing trade activity and infrastructure development, and will receive
special attention by the government / private sector in coming years.
There are a number of activities in the Indian logistics sector which are
broadly classified under ' Hardware' , ' Services' and ' Technology' related
activities, however, not all of these activities are core to the growth of the
sector. Indian logistics sector offers unique opportunities which are mainly
driven by an opening and near double-digit growing economy, and lack of
infrastructure in key areas. It may be noted that although, lack of
infrastructure acts as an inhibitor, but the dearth of adequate infrastructure
also presents unique opportunities to players who are ready for the situation
and understand the market. This report identifies such elements which are
growth engines of the Indian logistics sector and focuses on understanding
opportunities related within these elements.
Identifying strategic logistics elements requires one to understand the supply
chain and value chain, EXIM trade elements and their role, government policies
and subsidies etc to identify the most critical elements. The report begins
with identification of such strategic elements which are then studied in deep
for each element to find market structure, growth drivers, barriers to entry,
rules / government policies applicable to the market, competition threat and
opportunities. Financials are discussed with possible scenarios and their
financial / technical analysis, wherever required.
The report identifies ten such strategic growth areas of Indian logistics sector which includes:
- 1. Air Cargo Logistics
- 2. Cold Chain / Cold Storage
- 3. Custom Bonded Warehouse
- 4. Custom House Agents (CHA)
- 5. Distribution Centre (DC)
- 6. ICD / CFS
- 7. Project Cargo
- 8. Road Transport Service Provider
- 9. Sea Ports
- 10. Warehouse
Containerization and rail based logistics are other major strategic growth
areas of Indian logistics sector and these are studied under various strategic
elements mentioned above, wherever they impact.
The ten strategic elements, mentioned above, are analyzed in detail by
understanding data of each sector collected through credible sources and / or
primary interviews. Financial outlay, technical competency,
return-on-investment, competition analysis and difficulty of implementation
are some of the main parameters which will further help identify the right
opportunity and rank them through an ' Opportunity Matrix' . These are some of
the external parameters that need to be mapped with internal strengths,
capabilities and tie-ups or collaborations of an organization to arrive at the
most compelling opportunity to pursue. These are largely a function of each
company and the report, therefore, analyzes opportunity on the basis of
external factors on a macro level with specific illustration of state / city
level logistics activities to provide appropriate insights and analyze
scenarios.
This report is one step ahead in understanding the strategic elements of
Indian logistics sector as it delves into each strategic element and
identifies opportunities, rather than skimming over the logistics scenario by
reporting facts, figures and new developments.
The report provides insights which can be used to understand the sector and
directly assess a particular sector opportunity.
Table of Contents
Contents
Figures
Tables
1 Executive Summary
2 Critical Elements of Indian Logistics Sector
- 2.1 Structural Elements of Indian Logistics Industry
- 2.1.1 Cargo Import Steps and Important Logistics Elements
- 2.1.2 Cargo Export Steps and Important Logistics Elements
- 2.1.3 Other Logistics Elements
3 Strategic Growth Areas of Indian Logistics Sector
- 3.1 Cold Chain / Cold Storage
- 3.2 Air Cargo Logistics
- 3.3 Warehousing in India
- 3.4 Custom Bonded Warehouse
- 3.5 Distribution Centre (DC)
- 3.6 Road Transport Service Provider
- 3.7 Custom House Agents (CHA)
- 3.8 Project Cargo
- 3.9 ICD / CFS
- 3.10 Sea Ports
4 Analysis of Opportunities
- 4.1 Cold Chain Operations
- 4.1.1 National Opportunity Assessment and Value Chain
- 4.1.2 Breadth of Cold Chain Operations in India
- 4.1.3 Cold Storage Types and Storage Needs for various Commodities in
India
- 4.1.4 Cold Storage - Components, Commodities to Store, and Operations
- 4.1.5 Sources of Finance for Cold Storage in India
- 4.1.6 Optimal Cold Storage Design
- 4.2 Air Cargo Logistics in India
- 4.2.1 Prominent Indian Airports - Volume and Volume Growth
- 4.2.2 Prominent Indian Airports - International Cargo
- 4.2.3 Cold Storage facility for Exports at Air Cargo Hubs
- 4.3 Warehousing in India
- 4.3.1 Warehousing Overview, Needs, Classification by Ownership and
Services
- 4.3.2 Warehousing Documents
- 4.3.3 Warehousing in India - Stakeholders and Roles
- 4.3.4 Warehousing Opportunity in various Sectors
- 4.3.5 Pharmaceutical Warehousing and C&F
- 4.3.6 Value added services in Warehousing
- 4.4 Custom Bonded Warehouse - Need in India and Opportunity Assessment
- 4.4.1 Overview of Custom Bonded Warehouse
- 4.4.2 Opportunity Assessment for Custom Bonded Warehouse
- 4.5 Distribution Centre (DC)
- 4.5.1 Opportunity Assessment
- 4.6 Road Transport Service Provider - Working Models in India, Revenues
and Opportunity Assessment
- 4.6.1 Overview of Business
- 4.6.2 Supply Chain (Interrelationships) in Indian Road Transport Service
Industry
- 4.6.3 Revenue Earnings - Sources and Potential
- 4.6.4 Opportunity Assessment
- 4.7 Customs House Agent (CHA) - Market, Customer and Opportunity
Assessment
- 4.7.1 Market Analysis
- 4.7.2 Customer Analysis: End-users of CHA, Needs and Future Trends
- 4.7.3 Opportunity Assessment
- 4.8 Project Cargo - Working Model in India, Market Size & Growth, and
Critical Success Factors
- 4.8.1 Operating Model in Project Cargo Business - The Predominant Model
- 4.8.2 Market Analysis - Size and Growth of Market
- 4.8.3 Critical Success Factors of CHA Business
- 4.9 ICD/CFS - Market Analysis and Opportunity Assessment in India
- 4.9.1 Market Analysis of ICDs / CFSs
- 4.9.2 Opportunity Assessment - Container Traffic and EXIM
- 4.10 Sea Ports - Opportunity Assessment in Containerization and
Infrastructure Growth
- 4.10.1 Containerization - Market Size & Growth, Opportunities /
Potential and Expected Future Trends
- 4.10.2 Sea Port Infrastructure Growth
5 Financials
- 5.1 Cold Storage - Investment, Expenditure, Revenues and Profitability
Assessment through Scenario Analysis
- 5.1.1 Cold Storage Investment - Subsidized Investment Estimations
- 5.1.2 Cold Storage Revenues - Break-up and Estimations for Trading /
Renting
- 5.1.3 Cold Storage Expenditure - Major Heads and Prevailing Rates
- 5.1.4 Projected Profitability of Cold Storage based on Scenario Analysis
- 5.2 Warehousing - Investment, Expenditure, Revenues and Profitability
Assessment through Scenario Analysis
- 5.2.1 Investment in a Warehouse
- 5.2.2 Projected Revenue Earnings from a Warehouse
- 5.2.3 Expenditure - Major Heads and Prevailing Rates
- 5.2.4 Projected Profitability of a Warehouse based on Scenario Analysis
- 5.3 Custom Bonded Warehouse - Investment, Expenditure, Revenues and
Profitability Assessment
- 5.3.1 Investment
- 5.3.2 Setting up a Custom Bonded Warehouse
- 5.3.3 Revenues and Profitability
- 5.4 Custom House Agent (CHA) - Investment, Expenditure, Revenues and
Profitability Assessment
- 5.4.1 Investment in setting-up CHA Business
- 5.4.2 CHA Revenues
- 5.4.3 CHA Profitability
- 5.5 Project Cargo - Revenues and Profitability Assessment
- 5.5.1 Revenue Sources in Project Cargo Business
- 5.5.2 Profitability of Project Cargo Business
- 5.6 Road Transport Service Provider - Investment, Expenditure, Revenues
and Profitability Assessment
- 5.6.1 Investment - Procurement Cost of Trucks of Various Sizes and
Additional Costs incurred
- 5.6.2 Expenditure - Cost Breakdown, Estimated Annual Financial Operating
Costs
- 5.6.3 Revenues - Freight Rates
- 5.6.4 Projected Profitability - Scenario Analysis for mix of various
Revenue Streams
- 5.6.5 Additional Comments
- 5.7 ICD / CFS - Revenue Stream Analysis and Profitability
- 5.7.1 Revenue Streams of ICD/CFS
- 5.7.2 Revenue Analysis & Profitability of ICD/CFS
6 Conclusion - Overall Assessment of Opportunities
- 6.1 Parameters for Overall Assessment of Opportunities
- 6.2 Assessment of Opportunities
- 6.2.1 Assessment of Storage (Cold Storage / Warehouse) related
Opportunities
- 6.2.2 Assessment of Critical Elements: Opportunity Matrix
7 Appendix
- 7.1 Inland Waterways of India
- 7.1.1 Inland Waterways Authority of India
- 7.1.2 National Waterways of India
- 7.2 Long Distance Freight Rate
8 Profiles, Abbreviations, Notes and Legal Conditions
- 8.1 Profiles
- 8.2 Abbreviations
- 8.3 Notes
- 8.4 Legal Conditions
Figures
- Figure 2-1 Steps in Import Cycle
- Figure 2-2 Steps in Export Cycle
- Figure 3-1 Industry Structure: Road Transport Service Provider
- Figure 3-2 Market Size and Margins: Logistics Pyramid
- Figure 4-1 Presence of Cold Chain Infrastructure in Supply Chain
- Figure 4-2 Breadth of Cold Chain Operations in India
- Figure 4-3 Indian Airports with High Cargo Traffic and High Change in
Cargo Traffic
- Figure 4-4 Percentage of International Cargo Handled at Prominent Airports
of India
- Figure 4-5 Necessity for Warehousing
- Figure 4-6 Warehouse Classification on the basis of Ownership and Services
Provided
- Figure 4-7 Supply Chain Interrelationships of Road Transport Service
Provider: Model 1
- Figure 4-8 Supply Chain Interrelationships of Road Transport Service
Provider: Model 2
- Figure 4-9 Supply Chain Interrelationships of Road Transport Service
Provider: Model 3
- Figure 4-10 Supply Chain Interrelationships of Road Transport Service
Provider: Model 4
- Figure 4-11 Supply Chain Interrelationships of Road Transport Service
Provider: Model 5
- Figure 4-12 Preferred Model in Market for Project Cargo
Tables
- Table 3-1 Transportation Cost Break-up: Conventional Logistics
- Table 3-2 Transportation Cost Break-up: Cold Chain Logistics
- Table 3-3 Exports data of Four Major Airports of India
- Table 3-4 Import data of Four Major Airports of India
- Table 3-5 Number of Ports by State and Coastal Line
- Table 4-1 Nation-wide Infrastructure Requirement for Various Logistics
Units
- Table 4-2 Cold Storage Properties and Shelf-life of major Fruits /
Vegetables
- Table 4-3 Storage Capacity and Revenue for Major Commodities
- Table 4-4 Gujarat: Cold Storage and Export Potential of Various Commodities
- Table 4-5 Gujarat: Major Commodities and their Selection Reason for
Promotion
- Table 4-6 Cold Storage Rooms with their Prefered Capacities for a 5,000 MT
Cold Storage
- Table 4-7 Freight and Mail Cargo Movement on Indian Domestic /
International Route for last seven years
- Table 4-8 Container Port Traffic at Important Sea Ports of India
- Table 4-9 Kolkata Port: Description, Activities/Facilities, Volumes
Handled, Opportunities and Rules
- Table 4-10 Paradip Port: Description, Activities/Facilities, Volumes
Handled, Opportunities and Rules
- Table 4-11 Visakhapatnam Port: Description, Activities/Facilities, Volumes
Handled, Opportunities and Rules
- Table 4-12 Chennai Port: Description, Activities/Facilities, Volumes
Handled, Opportunities and Rules
- Table 4-13 Tuticorin Port: Description, Activities/Facilities, Volumes
Handled, Opportunities and Rules
- Table 4-14 Cochin Port: Description, Activities/Facilities, Volumes
Handled, Opportunities and Rules
- Table 4-15 New Mangalore Port: Description, Activities/Facilities, Volumes
Handled, Opportunities and Rules
- Table 4-16 Jawarhalal Nehru Port: Description, Activities/Facilities,
Volumes Handled, Opportunities and Rules
- Table 4-17 Murmugao Port: Description, Activities/Facilities, Volumes
Handled, Opportunities and Rules
- Table 4-18 Mumbai Port: Description, Activities/Facilities, Volumes
Handled, Opportunities and Rules
- Table 4-19 Kandla Port: Description, Activities/Facilities, Volumes
Handled, Opportunities and Rules
- Table 4-20 Ennore Port: Description, Activities/Facilities, Volumes
Handled, Opportunities and Rules
- Table 5-1 Investment for 5,000 MT Cold Storage Capacity
- Table 5-2 Revenue Realization by Renting / Trading Commodities in Cold
Storage
- Table 5-3 Manpower Cost in a Cold Storage
- Table 5-4 Electricity Expenditure in a Cold Storage for Negative &
Positive Rooms
- Table 5-5 Projected Operational Costs & Profitability for only Renting
Model of Cold Storage: Scenario - I
- Table 5-6 Projected Operational Costs & Profitability for only Renting
Model of Cold Storage: Scenario - II
- Table 5-7 Projected Operational Costs & Profitability for combined Renting
and Own Use Model of Cold Storage: Scenario - I
- Table 5-8 Projected Operational Costs & Profitability for combined Renting
and Own Use Model of Cold Storage: Scenario - II
- Table 5-9 Manpower Cost in Warehousing
- Table 5-10 Projected Operational Costs & Profitability of Warehouse:
Scenario - I
- Table 5-11 Projected Operational Costs & Profitability of Warehouse:
Scenario - II
- Table 5-12 Procurement Cost of Trucks of Various Sizes
- Table 5-13 Estimated Annual Financial Operating Expenses of Truck Operators
- Table 5-14 Long Distance Road freight Rates (INR) in India for FTL
- Table 5-15 Estimated Annual Financial Profitability of Truck Operators
- Table 5-16 Profitability of Truck Operators for various Utilization
Levels: Scenario - I
- Table 5-17 Profitability of Truck Operators for various Utilization
Levels: Scenario - II (a)
- Table 5-18 Profitability of Truck Operators for various Utilization
Levels: Scenario - II (b)
- Table 6-1 Opportunity Matrix: Storage (Cold Storage / Warehouse) related
Opportunities
- Table 6-2 Opportunity Matrix: Assessment of non-storage related
Opportunities
- Table 7-1 Long Distance Freight rates (US$) in India for FTL
- Table 8-1 Meaning of Abbreviations and Terms Used in Report
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