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市場調查報告書

礦業用水市場 - 水資源的不足和環境規範所帶來的商機

Water for Mining - opportunities in scarcity and environmental regulation

出版商 Global Water Intelligence
出版日期 2011年06月 商品編碼 199623
內容資訊 英文  
價格
US $ 3500 PDF download via website, and Hard Copy by courier


礦業用水市場 - 水資源的不足和環境規範所帶來的商機 是由出版商Global Water Intelligence在2011年06月所出版的。 這份英文市場調查報告書價格從美金3500起跳。

簡介

對水處理相關企業來說、礦山業界擴大成長的可能性帶給市場神秘。地方政府專用脫鹽設備的市場速減之中、礦業用水的市場、可覆蓋業績下滑的的有力選項直得期待。天然資源豐富的地區中、水不足為嚴重的問題之個案較多、很多礦山公司將礦業用水二次使用的技術引進檢討中。此外、對於環境的問題之關心度也提升、促進廢水適當的處理壓力也增強。

本報告書內容包括:礦業用水的可回收之新技術的開發及水管策略的現況分析、開挖工程的水供給和廢水的管理為對應的主要選擇、可檢討從尾礦取得有用的礦物進行排水處理技術等、內容綱要摘記如下:

實施摘要

第1章 介紹

  • 礦業
  • 礦業用水
  • 開採方法
    • 露天開挖
    • 坑内採挖
  • 處理方法
    • 各種物理選處理
    • 乾式冶金處理
    • 濕式冶金處理
    • 電氣冶金處理
  • 生成物的處理和運輸
  • 生產物
    • 銅
    • 金
    • 鎳金屬
    • 氧化鋅
    • 白金
    • 鐵礦石
    • 全球各地的金屬礦山
  • 金屬以外的生產物
    • 石炭
    • 磷礦石
    • 洗淨設施
    • 重液分離設施
    • 浮遊選礦設施
  • 酸性岩石排水
  • 開採和處理的必要水量
    • 各種處理技術的必要用水
    • 各國的水使用狀況
    • 大型礦山公司的水使用狀況
    • 全球的礦業用水取水量

第2章 促進礦山業界的水管理改善因素

  • 水相關的風險
    • 水不足
  • 規範
    • 國際性組模
    • 各國的規範引進
    • 智利
    • 澳洲
    • 美國
    • 南非
    • 加拿大
  • 有用的金屬回收和水質的因素

第3章 礦山的水供給、處理、可回收：主要管理方法和技術

  • 水管理的概要
    • 水管理的風險
    • 水的收支
    • 水使用量的產生
  • 礦山的水供給、處理、再利用：主要的管理方法和技術
    • 替代水供給源的使用
    • 給水選擇的背景之因素
    • 脫鹽開採計畫
  • 廢水處理技術和流放
    • 中和技術
    • 受動的處理技術
    • 金屬除去技術
    • 膜技術
    • 蒸發、濃縮、結晶化的設備
    • 脫水技術
    • 過濾和濃縮的技術
    • 硒處理技術
    • 氰化物處理技術
    • 流放處理
  • 水的再使用和回收
    • 再使用的概要

第4章 市場分析

  • 市場區分
  • 主要企業和新興企業
    • 新興計畫管理公司
    • 傳統的水技術企業
    • 主要企業和專門領域
  • 市場的成長展望
  • 現在和未來的計畫
    • 數10億美金規模的計畫
    • 各種金屬礦山的發展趨勢

第5章 市場加入

  • 礦業用水市場所加入的對策
    • 加入障礙
  • 市場加入的手段之pilot計畫
  • 礦業用水市場的主要企業
  • 礦業用水市場的支配性技術
  • 有力企業的支配
  • 處理工程所對應的解決方案和個別技術
  • 礦業用水市場的課題

第6章 礦業用水的市場機會

  • 市場機會的概要
  • 礦山排水處理技術的市場機會
  • 水再利用技術的市場機會
  • 金屬回收技術的市場機會
  • 水供給技術的市場機會
  • 市場機會：標準的廢水處理
    • 廢水處理市場的發展
    • 廢水處理市場的有利立場之企業
    • 傳統的廢水處理技術之市場壽命
    • 廢水處理市場的低等級礦石處理的意思
    • 礦業產品價格的變動影響水管理技術的選擇
  • 市場機會：水的再利用
    • 妨礙再利用市場發展的因素
    • 礦山外的再利用可能性
    • 礦山内再利用的可能性
    • 再利用市場的有利立場之企業
  • 市場機會：水的供給
    • 水供給技術所必要的主要地區
    • 水供給技術市場的課題
    • 水供給技術市場的有利立場之企業
    • 水供給技術市場中作為客戶的礦山公司
  • 市場規模
  • 企業間的協力和協定

取材對象

參考資料

目錄

Abstract

Overview

Water for Mining features primary researched market analysis to give you valuable insight into the dynamics of this sector. We have interviewed more than 30 industry insiders to bring you expert advice on how to access the market, and focusses on the key areas of growth:

  • Water supply with a focus on desalination
  • The treatment of acid mine drainage
  • Effluent treatment for onsite reuse
  • The recovery of valuable metals from tailings ponds

The mining sector offers enormous growth opportunities for water treatment companies. As the municipal market for desalination slows, water for mining is a winning alternative. This report investigates how water scarcity and environmental regulation are driving the need for mining companies to invest in new technologies and develop water management strategies. Water scarcity is a problem in many areas where natural resources are abundant, creating an imperative for mining companies to consider reuse technologies. As environmental concerns grow, so too does the pressure on mining companies to ensure their effluent is treated appropriately for reuse and disposal.

This report explains the main options there are for managing water supply and effluent in the mining process, and explores opportunities for reuse. It offers key insight into how appropriate treatment technologies can aid the recovery of valuable metals from tailings ponds - this is closely linked to the rise in metal prices, allowing water companies to profit from the strength of the natural resources market.

Table of Contents

Publication information

Executive summary

  • Figure: Global mining water market by expenditure category, 2011
  • Figure: Global mining water market forecast: 2012 peak, 2014 peak and supercycle models, 2009-2016
  • Market challenges
  • Opportunities
  • Conclusion
  • Units and conversion factors used in this publication

1. Introduction to mining

  • 1.1. Mining
  • 1.2. Water for mining
  • 1.3. Mining methods
    • 1.3.1. Surface mining
    • 1.3.2. Underground mining
      • Figure 1.1: Water issues associated with surface and underground mining
  • 1.4. Processing methods
    • Figure 1.2: Mineral ore processing steps
    • 1.4.1. Physical separation processing
    • 1.4.2. Pyrometallurgy
    • 1.4.3. Hydrometallurgy
    • 1.4.4. Electrometallurgy
  • 1.5. Product handling and transport
  • 1.6. Commodities
    • Figure 1.3: Overview of commodities
    • 1.6.1. Copper
      • 1.6.1.1. Copper processing
        • Figure 1.4: Processing streams for copper ores
      • 1.6.1.2. Copper production
        • Figure 1.5: Top 5 copper reserves and largest producers of copper in 2010
        • Figure 1.6: Copper - Share of controlled production by mining companies, 2010
    • 1.6.2. Gold
      • 1.6.2.1. Gold processing
        • Figure 1.7: Processing streams for Gold ores
      • 1.6.2.2. Gold production
        • Figure 1.8: Top 5 gold reserves and largest producers of gold in 2010
        • Figure 1.9: Gold - Share of controlled production by mining companies, 2010
    • 1.6.3. Nickel
      • 1.6.3.1. Nickel processing
        • Figure 1.10: Processing streams for Nickel sulphide ores
        • Figure 1.11: Processing streams for Nickel laterite ores
      • 1.6.3.2. Nickel production
        • Figure 1.12: Top 5 nickel reserves and largest producers of nickel in 2010
        • Figure 1.13: Nickel - Share of controlled production by mining companies, 2010
    • 1.6.4. Zinc
      • 1.6.4.1. Zinc processing
        • Figure 1.14: Processing streams for zinc ores
      • 1.6.4.2. Zinc production
        • Figure 1.15: Top 5 zinc reserves and largest producers of zinc in 2010
        • Figure 1.16: Zinc - Share of controlled production by mining companies, 2010
    • 1.6.5. Platinum
      • 1.6.5.1. Platinum processing
        • Figure 1.17: Processing options for Platinum ores
      • 1.6.5.2. Platinum production
        • Figure 1.18: Top 4 PGM reserves and largest producers of platinum in 2010
        • Figure 1.19: Platinum - Share of controlled production by mining companies, 2010
    • 1.6.6. Iron ore
      • 1.6.6.1. Iron ore processing
        • Figure 1.20: Processing options for iron ore
      • 1.6.6.2. Iron ore production
        • Figure 1.21: Top 5 iron ore reserves (iron content) and largest producers of iron ore in 2010
        • Figure 1.22: Iron ore - Share of controlled production by mining company, 2010
    • 1.6.7. Metal mine geography
      • Figure 1.23: Operating mines in the Americas
      • Figure 1.24: Operating mines in Europe and Africa
      • Figure 1.25: Operating mines in Asia Pacific
  • 1.7. Non-metal commodities
    • 1.7.1. Coal
      • Figure 1.26: Top 5 black coal reserves and largest producers of black coal in 2009
      • Figure 1.27: Top 3 brown coal reserves and largest producers of brown coal in 2009
      • Figure 1.28: Coal processing steps
    • 1.7.2. Phosphate rock
      • 1.7.2.1. Processing
    • 1.7.3. The washing plant
      • 1.7.3.1. Production
        • Figure 1.29: Top 5 phosphate reserves and largest producers of phosphate
        • Figure 1.30: Phosphate - Share of controlled production by mining company, 2009
    • 1.7.4. Heavy media separation plant
      • 1.7.5. The flotation plant
        • Figure 1.31: Phosphate ore processing steps
  • 1.8. Acid rock drainage
    • Figure 1.32: Typical relation to drainage pH
    • Figure 1.33: Types of drainage produced by sulphide oxidation
    • Figure 1.34: Generalised conceptual model of sources, pathways and receiving environment at a mine or processing site
    • Figure 1.35: Examples of ARD costs
  • 1.9. Water volumes for mining and processing
    • 1.9.1. Water required for processing methods
      • Figure 1.36: Water consumption volumes for the processing steps for selected metals
    • 1.9.2. Water use reported by major mining countries
      • 1.9.2.1. Chile
        • Figure 1.37: Average water consumption per ton of copper ore in Chile, 2000 and 2006
        • Figure 1.38: Projection of total water withdrawal for copper mining in Chile, 2009-2020
      • 1.9.2.2. Australia
        • Figure 1.39: Water use by the Australian mining industry, 2008-2009
      • 1.9.2.3. Canada
        • Figure 1.40: Water use in the Canadian mining industry, 2007
        • Figure 1.41: Intake water treatment in the Canadian mining industry, 2007
        • Figure 1.42: Effluent water treatment in the Canadian mining industry, 2007
      • 1.9.2.4. USA
        • Figure 1.43: Average water use per tonne of crude ore production
        • Figure 1.44: Metal mining water use in the US, 2000
      • 1.9.2.5. Mexico
    • 1.9.3. Water use reported by major mining companies
    • 1.9.4. Calculating global water withdrawal for mining

2. Drivers for improved water management in mining

  • 2.1. Water related risks
    • 2.1.1. Water scarcity
      • Figure 2.1: Global water scarcity: Ratio of water extraction to total renewable resources
      • Figure 2.2: Locations of currently operating mines
  • 2.2. Regulations
    • 2.2.1. International framework
      • Figure 2.3: Global Reporting Initiative water related indicators
    • 2.2.2. Introduction to national regulatory frameworks
      • Figure 2.4: Main regulatory requirements in the mining operation life-cycle
    • 2.2.3. Chile
      • 2.2.3.1. Governmental organisations
      • 2.2.3.2. Legal framework around water issues in mining
        • Water allocation and environmental permitting
        • Effluent discharge regulations
          • Figure 2.5: Effluent discharge limits according to D.S.90*
        • Mining closure regulations
    • 2.2.4. Australia
      • 2.2.4.1. State and territory level agencies and regulations
        • Water allocation and permitting
        • Effluent discharge regulations
    • 2.2.5. United States
    • 2.2.6. South Africa
    • 2.2.7. Canada
      • Figure 2.6: Federal water policies
  • 2.3. Recovery of valuable metals and the water quality factor

3. Water supply, treatment and reuse in mines: main management options and technologies

  • 3.1. Water management overview
    • Figure 3.1: Mining operational phases
    • 3.1.1. Water management risks
      • 3.1.1.1. Supply
      • 3.1.1.2. Effluent
      • 3.1.1.3. Reuse
      • 3.1.1.4. Mine closure
    • 3.1.2. Water balance
      • Figure 3.2: Water balance in a typical mine
    • 3.1.3. Water accounting
      • Figure 3.3: Key requirements for generating a water account
  • 3.2. Water supply, treatment and reuse in mines: main management options and technologies
    • 3.2.1. Use of alternative water supply options
    • 3.2.2. Factors behind the choice of feedwater
      • Figure 3.4: Water quality suitability for selected processes
    • 3.2.3. Desalination mining projects
      • 3.2.3.1. Seawater mining projects in Chile
        • Figure 3.5: Main mining operations using desalination or raw seawater in Chile
        • Figure 3.6: Mining operations considering the use of seawater
          • Case study: Minera Esperanza (Antofagasta Minerals)
      • 3.2.3.2. Desalination mining projects in Australia
      • 3.2.3.3. Australian mining desalination project examples
  • 3.3. Effluent treatment technologies and disposal
    • 3.3.1. Neutralization technologies
      • 3.3.1.1. Conventional lime neutralization
        • Figure 3.7: Conventional lime neutralization process
      • 3.3.1.2. High density sludge (HDS) process - Lime precipitation system
        • Figure 3.8: HDS process
      • 3.3.1.3. Limestone neutralization
    • 3.3.2. Passive treatment technologies
      • 3.3.2.1. Anaerobic wetland systems
      • 3.3.2.2. Aerobic wetlands
    • 3.3.3. Metal removal technologies
      • 3.3.3.1. Sulphide precipitation
      • 3.3.3.2. BioSulphideR precipitation process
        • Case study: Mike Horse Mine Water Treatment System (CDM)
          • Figure 3.9: BioSulphideR precipitation process
      • 3.3.3.3. ChemSulphideR precipitation process
        • Figure 3.10: ChemSulphideR precipitation process
      • 3.3.3.4. Biogenic sulphide precipitation - THIOTEQ"!
      • 3.3.3.5. BIOMETEQ"! biological sulphide precipitation
      • 3.3.3.6. Biological filters - ABMet
        • Case study: Raglan Mine, Quebec, Canada (Xstrata/BioteQ)
      • 3.3.3.7. Fluidised bed reactor - METCLEAN"!
    • 3.3.4. Membrane technologies
      • 3.3.4.1. Microfiltration (MF) and Ultafiltration (UF)
      • 3.3.4.2. Nanofiltration (NF)
      • 3.3.4.3. Reverse osmosis (RO)
      • 3.3.4.4. Ion exchange (IX)
      • 3.3.4.5. Electrodialysis (ED)
      • 3.3.4.6. Electrodialysis reversal (EDR)
      • 3.3.4.7. Bipolar Electrodialysis (BPED)
      • 3.3.4.8. Electrodeionization (EDI)
    • 3.3.5 Evaporators, concentrators and crystallisers
      • 3.3.5.1. Brine concentrators
      • 3.3.5.2. Crystallisers
      • 3.3.5.3. Evaporators - Vapour compression distillation (VCD)
      • 3.3.5.4. Evaporators - mechanical vapour recompression (MVR)
      • 3.3.5.5. Multi effect distillation (MED)
    • 3.3.6 Dewatering technologies
      • 3.3.6.1. Clarifiers
      • 3.3.6.2. Dissolved air flotation (DAF)
      • 3.3.6.3. ITT Leopold Clari-DAFR
    • 3.3.7 Filtration and thickening technologies
      • 3.3.7.1. Sand filtration - DynaSandR
      • 3.3.7.2. Ceramic vacuum filters
      • 3.3.7.3. Pressure filters
      • 3.3.7.4. Thickeners
      • 3.3.7.5. High rate thickeners
      • 3.3.7.6. Paste thickeners
    • 3.3.8. Selenium treatment technology
      • Case study: Selenium remediation using zero-valent iron (ZVI), Liberty Hydro Inc., West Virginia
    • 3.3.9. Cyanide treatment technologies
      • 3.3.9.1. Alkaline Chlorination
      • 3.3.9.2. International Nickel Company' s (INCO) process
      • 3.3.9.3. Hydrogen peroxide process
      • 3.3.9.4. Acidification Volatilization Recovery (AVR) cyanide recovery process
      • 3.3.9.5. Sulphidization, Acidification, Recycling and Thickening (SART) process
        • Figure 3.11: Sulphidization, Acidification, Recycling and Thickening (SART) process
      • 3.3.9.6. Biological cyanide treatment
    • 3.3.10. Effluent disposal
      • 3.3.10.1. Tailings disposal
      • 3.3.10.2. Backfill disposal
        • Figure 3.12: Drainage treatment technology categories
  • 3.4. Water reuse and recycling
    • 3.4.1. Reuse overview
      • Figure 3.13: Worked water resources
      • 3.4.1.1. Effluent water reuse
      • 3.4.1.2. Effluent water recycling and treatment
        • Figure 3.14: Comparison between passive and active treatments
      • 3.4.1.3. Offsite use of treated effluent water

4. Market analysis

  • 4.4. Market division / segmentation
    • Figure 4.1: Global mining water market by expenditure category, 2011
    • Figure 4.2: Global mining water market by country, 2011
    • Figure 4.3: Global mining water treatment equipment market by equipment type, 2011
  • 4.5. Key and emerging players
    • 4.5.1. Engineering programme management firms
    • 4.5.2. Traditional water technology companies
    • 4.5.3. Key companies and areas of expertise
      • Figure 4.4: Key and emerging players: Engineering and consultancy sector for water in the mining industry
      • Figure 4.5: Key and emerging players: Supply of water technology for the water in mining industry
      • Figure 4.6: Key and emerging players: Manufacture of specialist equipment for the water in mining industry
      • Figure 4.7: Acquisitions and joint ventures
  • 4.6. Future market growth
    • Figure 4.8: Selected metal prices, January 2000 - June 2011
    • Figure 4.9: Global mining water market forecast: 2012 peak, 2014 peak and supercycle models, 2009-2016
    • Figure 4.10: Global mining water market forecast: 2012 peak model by country, 2009-2016
    • Figure 4.11: Global mining water market forecast: 2014 peak model by country, 2009-2016
    • Figure 4.12: Global mining water market forecast: Supercycle model by country, 2009-2016
    • Figure 4.13: Global mining equipment forecast: 2012 peak, 2014 peak and supercycle models, 2009-2016
    • Figure 4.14: Global mining equipment forecast: 2012 peak model by country, 2009-2016
    • Figure 4.15: Global mining equipment forecast: 2014 peak model by country, 2009-2016
    • Figure 4.16: Global mining equipment forecast: Supercycle model by country, 2009-2016
    • Figure 4.17: Australia market summary
    • Figure 4.18: Brazil market summary
    • Figure 4.19: Canada market summary
    • Figure 4.20: Chile market summary
    • Figure 4.21: China market summary
    • Figure 4.22: Indonesia market summary
    • Figure 4.23: Peru market summary
    • Figure 4.24: Russia market summary
    • Figure 4.25: South Africa market summary
    • Figure 4.26: USA market summary
    • Figure 4.27: Rest of the world market summary
    • Figure 4.28: Global market summary
  • 4.7. Current and future projects
    • 4.7.1. Billion dollar projects
      • Figure 4.29: Billion dollar mining projects from the RMD dataset
      • Figure 4.30: Locations of mining projects and currently operating mines
    • 4.7.2. Metal-by-metal trends
      • Figure 4.31: Currently operating mines with copper as the main metal
      • Figure 4.32: Forthcoming mining projects: Copper
      • Figure 4.33: Currently operating mines with zinc as the main metal
      • Figure 4.34: Forthcoming mining projects with zinc as the main metal
      • Figure 4.35: Currently operating mines with nickel as the main metal
      • Figure 4.36: Forthcoming mining projects with nickel as the main metal
      • Figure 4.37: Currently operating mines with gold as the main metal
      • Figure 4.38: Forthcoming mining projects with gold as the main metal
      • Figure 4.39: Currently operating mines with iron ore as the main metal
      • Figure 4.40: Forthcoming mining projects with iron ore as the main metal

5. Accessing the market

  • 5.1. The approach to entering the water for mining market
    • 5.1.1. Barriers to market entry
  • 5.2. Piloting as a vehicle for market entry
  • 5.3. The players in the water for mining market
  • 5.4. Technologies dominating the water for mining market
  • 5.5. Dominance of market players
  • 5.6. Process solutions versus separate technologies
  • 5.7. Challenges facing the water for mining market

6. Water for mining market opportunities

  • 6.1. Overview of market opportunities
  • 6.2. Opportunities in treating mine effluent
  • 6.3. Water reuse opportunities
  • 6.4. Opportunities in metal recovery
  • 6.5. Water supply opportunities
  • 6.6. Market opportunities: Standard effluent treatment
    • 6.6.1. Evolution of the mine water effluent treatment market
    • 6.6.2. Best positioned companies in the mine water effluent treatment market
    • 6.6.3. Market place longevity for conventional effluent treatment technologies
    • 6.6.4. Implications of processing lower ore grades on the effluent treatment market
    • 6.6.5. The effect of fluctuations in commodities prices on the selection of water management options
  • 6.7. Market opportunities: Water reuse opportunities
    • 6.7.1. Barriers affecting the development of the reuse market
    • 6.7.2. Potential opportunities for offsite reuse
    • 6.7.3. Potential opportunities for onsite reuse
    • 6.7.4. Best positioned companies in the reuse market
  • 6.8. Market opportunities: Water supply
    • 6.8.1. Primary areas of demand for water supply technologies
    • 6.8.2. Challenges facing the technologies market for water supply
    • 6.8.3. Companies best positioned for the water supply technologies market
    • 6.8.4. Mining companies that are customers to the water supply technologies market
  • 6.9. Market size
  • 6.10. Collaborations and agreements between market players

Interviewees

References

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