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市場調查報告書

半導體儲存媒體

Solid State Drives: A Closer Look

出版商	Forward Insights
出版日期	2008年10月	商品編碼	74176
內容資訊	英文 115 Pages
價格	US $ 4999 PDF by E-mail (Unlimited User License)

簡介
目錄
相關商品

半導體儲存媒體 是由出版商Forward Insights在2008年10月所出版的。這份英文市場調查報告書包含115 Pages 價格從美金4999起跳。

簡介

本報告書內容包括：半導體儲存媒體的性能、提高耐用性的技術、半導體儲存媒體的可靠性分析等等，內容剛要摘記如下：

摘要

前言

NAND快閃記憶體概要

NAND快閃記憶體

半導體儲存媒體

何謂半導體儲存媒體（SSD）
記憶階層
SSD概要
SSD架構
控制
SSD的性能與提高耐用性技術
替代架構
SSD的可靠性

SSD對HDD

企業應用
PC應用
低成本行動PC的應用
價格

SSD環境

年表
供應商環境
標準
專利概要
Seagate對STEC

電腦運算市場與利用

企業市場
低成本行動PC市場
筆記型電腦市場
桌上型電腦市場
電腦運算SSD市場

參考

Solid State Drives: A Closer Look provides a detailed overview of the technology, architecture and reliability of SSDs as well as techniques for improving the performance and endurance of SSDs. The report also describes measures to increase the endurance of NAND flash on the device level such as in the ultra high endurance server-grade NAND flash from Samsung.

Currently, there is a wide range of SSD performance and quality from various suppliers. An overview of SSD-related patents reveals which companies may have a long-term competitive advantage in this nascent market.

The report also includes a comparison of SSDs in the enterprise, low cost mobile notebook PC, notebook PC and desktop PC segments as well as a workload analysis of applications in the enterprise space. Detailed revenue, unit and price forecasts are provided for all segments.

CONTENTS III

LIST OF FIGURES VI

LIST OF TABLES IX

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1

INTRODUCTION 3

NAND FLASH MEMORY OVERVIEW 4

NAND Flash 4
- Concept 4
- Technology Evolution 6
- NAND Flash Architecture 9
- NAND Flash Density Trend 11
- Page Size Trend 13
- Block Size Trend 14
- Read Time 14
- Program Time 16
- Endurance 17
- Retention 17

SOLID STATE DRIVES 19

What is a solid state drive? 19
The Memory Hierarchy 19
SSD Overview 22
SSD Architecture 25
Controller 27
- Flash Translation Layer 28
- Mapping Schemes 30
- Bad Block Management 33
- Wear-leveling 33
- Garbage Collection 35
- Error Correction 36
- Interleaving 37
- Power Loss Protection 37
Techniques for Improving SSD Performance/Endurance 38
- Caching 38
- Flash File System Optimization 38
- Parallelism 39
- Flash Bus Width 40
- Over-provisioning 40
- Improved NAND Flash Memory 41
- Re-mapping of Drive Block 43
Alternative SSD Architectures 45
- Chameleon 45
- Hybrid SSD 46
- HyperLink NAND 49
SSD Reliability 52
- Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) 52
- Endurance 52
- Program Disturb 55
- Read Disturb 55
- Data Retention 56
- Bit Error Rate 57
- SMART 61

SSD VS. HDD 62

Enterprise Applications 62
PC Applications 66
Low Cost Mobile PC Applications 70
Price / GB 73

SSD LANDSCAPE 74

Chronology 74
Vendor Landscape 75
Standards 76
- IDEMA 77
- JEDEC 77
- Non-Volatile Memory Host Controller Interface Specification (NVMHCI) 77
- SNIA SSD Initiative 77
- SSD Alliance 77
- Technical Committee T13 AT Attachment 78
Patent Overview 79
Seagate vs. STEC 81

COMPUTING MARKET AND APPLICATIONS 83

Enterprise Market 83
Transaction Processing 84
Video Server 84
High Performance Computing 86
Internet/Network Server 86
Application Workload Characteristics 86
Server-attached vs. Storage-attached SSDs 88
Enterprise SSD Forecast 88
Low Cost Mobile PC Market 99
Notebook PC Market 106
Desktop PC Market 113
Computing SSD Market 117
**REFERENCES CXIX
**ABOUT THE AUTHOR CXXI

ABOUT FORWARD INSIGHTS CXXII

Services cxxii
Contact cxxii

List of Figures

Figure 1. NAND Flash Cell Programming 4
Figure 2. Multi-level Storage in NAND Flash 4
Figure 3. NAND Flash Cell Reading 5
Figure 4. NAND Flash Cell Erase 5
Figure 5. NAND Cell String 6
Figure 6. NAND Cell String 6
Figure 7. NAND Flash Technology Evolution 7
Figure 8. NAND Flash Memory Gap Fill 8
Figure 9. Electrons Stored on the Floating Gate 8
Figure 10. Samsung 32Gb CTF Memory 9
Figure 11. NAND Flash Memory Architecture 10
Figure 12. 8Gb NAND Flash Memory Organization 11
Figure 13. NAND Flash Memory Density Trend 12
Figure 14. NAND Flash Memory Chip Size Trend 13
Figure 15. NAND Flash Page Size Trend 13
Figure 16. NAND Flash Block Size Trend 14
Figure 17. NAND Flash Random Access Time 15
Figure 18. NAND Flash Read Performance Trend 15
Figure 19. NAND Flash Program Time 16
Figure 20. NAND Flash Write Performance Trend 16
Figure 21. NAND Flash Endurance Trend 17
Figure 22. NAND Flash Endurance Trend at 70nm Technology 18
Figure 23. NAND Flash Endurance Trend at 3xnm Technology 18
Figure 24. Memory Hierarchy 20
Figure 25. NAND Flash vs. DRAM Process Technology 21
Figure 26. Major Components of SSD and HDD 22
Figure 27. 128GB MLC SSD vs. 128GB SLC SSD Bill of Materials 23
Figure 28. NAND Flash as a % of Bill of Material 24
Figure 29. SSD Architecture 25
Figure 30. Two-channel, Four-way Interleaving 26
Figure 31. Software Architecture 26
Figure 32. SSD Controller Functional Block Diagram 27
Figure 33. HDD vs. SSD Address Mapping 29
Figure 34. Flash Translation Layer 29
Figure 35. Page Mapping 31
Figure 36. Block Mapping 32
Figure 37. Hybrid Mapping 33
Figure 38. Wear-leveling 35
Figure 39. Garbage Collection 36
Figure 40. SSD Operating Current 39
Figure 41. MTron PATA SSD Functional Block Diagram 40
Figure 42. High Speed NAND 42
Figure 43. Improving Endurance through Reduced Vt Margins 43
Figure 44. Chameleon SSD Architecture 45
Figure 45. Chameleon SSD Performance 45
Figure 46. Effect of Block-level and Page-level Write Buffer 46
Figure 47. Hybrid SSD Concept 46
Figure 48. Data/Control Flows in Hybrid SSD 47
Figure 49. SSD Workload Profile 48
Figure 50. Circular Log Space in SLC NAND flash 48
Figure 51. Hybrid SSD Endurance 49
Figure 52. HyperLink NAND SSD vs. Conventional SSD Architecture 50
Figure 53. Minimum SSD Capacity for 5 Year Product Life 54
Figure 54. Program Disturb 55
Figure 55. Read Disturb 56
Figure 56. Flash Error Rate Surface 57
Figure 57. SSD vs. HDD Bit Error Rates 59
Figure 58. ECC Selection 61
Figure 59. SSD vs. HDD Random IOPS 63
Figure 60. SSDs vs. HDDs in the Enterprise - Performance Characteristics 65
Figure 61. Enterprise SSD vs. HDD Average Capacity 65
Figure 62. SSDs vs. HDDs in PCs - Performance Characteristics 67
Figure 63. SSD Performance Trend 68
Figure 64. Notebook PC SSD vs. HDD Average Capacity 69
Figure 65. Desktop SSD vs. HDD Average Capacity 69
Figure 66. SSDs vs. HDDs in Low Cost Mobile PCs - Performance Characteristics 71
Figure 67. LC Mobile PC SSD vs. HDD Average Capacity 72
Figure 68. SSD vs. HDD Price Curve 73
Figure 69. HDD and SSD Landscape 76
Figure 70. SSD Patents by Type 79
Figure 71. SSD-related Patents by Company 80
Figure 72. Applications Write/Read Workload 87
Figure 73. Applications Sequential/Random Workload 87
Figure 74. Total Enterprise SSD Units Forecast 89
Figure 75. Total Enterprise SSD Revenue Forecast 89
Figure 76. Enterprise Storage Drive Units Forecast 90
Figure 77. Enterprise Storage HDD Unit Forecast 91
Figure 78. Enterprise Storage SSD Unit Forecast 92
Figure 79. Enterprise Storage SSD GB Forecast 92
Figure 80. Enterprise Storage SSD GB / Unit Forecast 93
Figure 81. Enterprise Storage SSD $ / GB Forecast 93
Figure 82. Enterprise Storage SSD Revenue Forecast 94
Figure 83. Enterprise Server Units Forecast 95
Figure 84. Host Server-attached SSD Unit Forecast 96
Figure 85. Host Server-attached SSD GB Forecast 96
Figure 86. Host Server-attached SSD GB / Unit Forecast 97
Figure 87. Host Server-attached SSD $ / GB Forecast 97
Figure 88. Host Server-attached SSD Revenue Forecast 98
Figure 89. Low Cost Mobile PC Unit Forecast 99
Figure 90. Endurance vs. SSD Capacity 100
Figure 91. Low Cost Mobile PC SSD Unit Forecast 101
Figure 92. Low Cost Mobile PC SSD GB Forecast 105
Figure 93. Low Cost Mobile PC SSD Revenue Forecast 105
Figure 94. Notebook PC Unit Forecast 106
Figure 95. Notebook PC SSD Unit Forecast 107
Figure 96. Notebook PC SSD GB Forecast 112
Figure 97. Notebook PC SSD Revenue Forecast 112
Figure 98. Desktop PC Unit Forecast 113
Figure 99. Desktop PC SSD Unit Forecast 114
Figure 100. Desktop PC SSD GB Forecast 116
Figure 101. Desktop PC SSD Revenue Forecast 116
Figure 102. Computing SSD Unit Forecast 117
Figure 103. Computing GB Forecast 117
Figure 104. Computing SSD Revenue Forecast 118

List of Tables

Table 1. SSD Bill of Materials 23
Table 2. ECC Trend 37
Table 3. HLNAND SSD vs. Conventional SSD 51
Table 4. SSD Capacity as a Function of Writes / Day 54
Table 5. Enterprise Class SSD vs. HDD 64
Table 6. PC-Class SSD vs. HDD 66
Table 7. Interface Transfer Speeds 68
Table 8. Interface Transfer Speeds 68
Table 9. Low Cost Mobile PC SSD vs. HDD 70
Table 10. SSD Chronology 74
Table 11. Seagate' s Patent Claims against STEC 81
Table 12. Enterprise SSD vs. HDD Key Metrics 83
Table 13. Video-on-Demand SSD TAM 85
Table 14. Enterprise HDD:SSD Replacement Ratio 91
Table 15. SSD NAND Flash Technology under Four Scenarios 100
Table 16. LC Mobile PC SSD Capacity Unit Mix Forecast 102
Table 17. LC Mobile PC SSD Capacity GB Mix Forecast 103
Table 18. LC Mobile PC SLC SSD Price Forecast 103
Table 19. LC Mobile PC MLC SSD Price Forecast 104
Table 20. LC Mobile PC 3-bit per cell SSD Price Forecast 104
Table 21. Notebook PC SLC SSD Capacity Unit Mix Forecast 108
Table 22. Notebook PC SLC SSD Capacity GB Mix Forecast 109
Table 23. PC SLC SSD Price Forecast 109
Table 24. PC MLC SSD Price Forecast 110
Table 25. PC SLC/3-bit per cell SSD Price Forecast 111
Table 26. Desktop PC SSD Capacity Unit Mix Forecast 114
Table 27. Desktop PC SSD Capacity GB Mix Forecast 115

簡介
目錄
相關商品

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半導體儲存媒體

Solid State Drives: A Closer Look

簡介

摘要