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市場調查報告書
藥價／成本相關的討論：高漲價格的壓力克服
Drug Price/Cost Debate: Coping with Escalating Pricing Pressures
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藥價／成本相關的討論：高漲價格的壓力克服 是由出版商Decision Resources, Inc.在2009年11月所出版的。
這份英文市場調查報告書包含35 Pages 價格從美金4600起跳。
本報告，彙整了各國的藥價比較與學名藥的價格、成本抑制政策、2009年所提出NICE指導文件的概要、IQWiG的概要、針對企業提高價格的對策，由下列摘要形式闡述。
報告摘要
什麼構成藥品的合理價格
成本抑制政策
金錢價值標準
- 英國的National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence
- 德國的Institute for Quality for Efficiency in Health Care
學名處方與藥劑的促進對策
遏止趨勢的遊說
新興藥價策略的結果
- 針對進行性／轉移性腎細胞癌的Pfizer的Sutent
- 針對多發性骨髓瘤的Celgene的Revlimid
- 針對濕性老年性黃斑變性的Novartis的Lucentis
- 針對乳癌的GlaxoSmithKline的Tyverb
- 針對肝癌的Bayer的Nexavar
參與學名藥市場
其他動向
歐巴馬政權對美國醫藥品產業有幫助嗎
藥價／成本討論的勝方
Abstract
Introduction
Insinuations of profiteering were made against an H1N1 swine fl u vaccine
manufacturer in the summer of 2009. As the swine fl u epidemic began to take
on serious proportions, public scrutiny in the United Kingdom focused on
manufacturers developing vaccines for the prevention of this disease and on
what constitutes a fair price for a drug. The U.K. public' s suspicion of
pharmaceutical profiteering in the H1N1 vaccine arena is just the tip of the
iceberg in the ongoing and acrimonious battle over the prices that
pharmaceutical companies charge for drugs and the costs that payers must cover
to meet the increasing demands for healthcare. With global economies in the
tank owing to the ongoing worldwide recession, the pitch of the battle
increased in 2009. Some companies are developing new strategies to combat
increased price/cost pressures. Who has been successful, and who has not? What
strategies are in play, and which ones are working? What duck-and-cover
strategies are skittish manufacturers attempting? In this report, we discuss
elements of the escalating drug price/cost battle, the cost-containment
measures that governments are implementing, and the new strategies that
companies are devising to cope with increasing pricing pressures.
Questions Answered in This Report
The inescapable fact is that governments have to make decisions about how
limited healthcare budgets will be spent. What cost-containment measures have
European countries adopted? What new pricing strategies are companies
inventing to make their drugs acceptable to reimbursement authorities such as
NICE and IQWiG? Which pharma companies will be the winners in the drug
price/cost debate? After a tortuous process that involved both judicial review
and a court appeal, NICE published amended guidance on four medicines for the
treatment of Alzheimer' s disease. Why are NICE' s decisions so controversial?
What recommendations did NICE make in its technology appraisals for new drugs
in 2009? What recent decisions did IQWiG make that will impact drug
manufacturers in Germany? What lessons can drug manufacturers learn? Companies
are developing new approaches to cope with increasing pricing pressures and
changing market dynamics. What ten tactics are companies using? Why are
companies entering generics markets? How are companies spreading risk?
Scope
- Drug pricing: Swine fl u vaccine, profiteering, comparison of drug prices
in different countries, free pricing markets, generic pricing.
- Cost-containment measures: Cost-effectiveness, value-for-money, reference
prices, arbitrary price cuts, generics, biosimilars, claw-back systems,
technology appraisals, price caps, China, European countries, Japan, Sweden,
the Philippines, revocation of operating licenses, suspension of marketing
permits, value-based pricing, biennial price cuts, price cuts on generics,
Taiwan, United Kingdom, Pharmaceutical Price Regulation Scheme, controlling
drug company profits, controlling pharmacy profits, generic prescribing,
generic substitution, generic promotion, European Generic Association, generic
penetration rates across Europe, Pharmaceutical Pricing and Reimbursement
Information Project, ten measures to promote the use of generic medicines.
- NICE: National In titute for Health and Clinical Excellence, guidance
documents published in 2009, Alzheimer' s disease, renal cell carcinoma,
Eisai/Pfizer' s Aricept, Shire' s Reminyl, Novartis' s Exelon, Lundbeck' s Ebixa,
judicial decision, Court of Appeal, Roche' s Avastin, Bayer' s Nexavar, Wyeth' s
Torisel, Pfizer' s Sutent, life-extending, end-of-life treatments, incremental
cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), quality-adjusted life year (QALY), locally
proven efficacy, Roche' s Pegasys, Gilead Sciences' Adefovir, Sanofi
-Aventis' s Plavix, Pfizer' s Macugen, Abbott' s Humira, Wyeth' s Enbrel,
Schering-Plough' s Remicade, Servier' s Protelos.
- IQWiG: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care, Gemeinsame
Bundesausschuss (GBA), Federal Joint Committee, evidence-based decisions, Novo
Nordisk' s Novorapid, Eli Lilly' s Humalog/ Liprolog, Sanofi-Aventis' s Apidra,
insulin analogues, value added, Pfizer' s Exubera, Sanofi-Aventis' s Lantus,
Novo Nordisk' s Levemir, cancer risk, Pfizer' s Edronax, GlaxoSmithKline' s
bupropion, Essex Pharma' s mirtazapine.
- Price-coping strategies: Ten tactics that companies are using to cope with
increasing pricing pressures, Center for Responsible Politics, Pfizer' s
Sutent, Celgene' s Revlimid, Novartis' s Lucentis, Pfizer' s Macugen,
GlaxoSmithKline' s Tyverb, Bayer' s Nexavar.
Table of Contents
Contents
- Executive Summary
- Strategic Considerations
- Stakeholder Implications
- What Constitutes a Fair Price for a Drug?
- Cost-Containment Measures
- Value-for-Money Criteria
- The United Kingdom' s National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence
- Drugs for Alzheimer' s Disease
- Drugs for Kidney Cancer
- Germany' s Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care
- Short-Acting Insulin Analogues
- Duck-and-Cover Strategy
- Arbitrary Price Cuts
- Measures to Promote Generic Prescribing and Dispensing
- Lobbying to Stem the Tide
- Results from New Pricing Strategies
- Pfizer' s Sutent for Advanced and/or Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
- Celgene' s Revlimid for Multiple Myeloma
- Novartis' s Lucentis for Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration
- GlaxoSmithKline' s Tyverb for Breast Cancer
- Bayer' s Nexavar for Liver Cancer
- Entering Generics Markets
- Looking Elsewhere
- Will Obama Be NICE to the U.S. Pharmaceutical Industry?
- Winners of the Drug Price/Cost Debate
Tables
- 1. Comparative Drug Prices in Different Pharmaceutical Markets as a
Percentage of U.S. Prices
- 2. Drug Price Control Measures in Select Countries
- 3. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence: Technology
Appraisal Guidance, 2009
- 4. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence: Results of
Select Health Technology Assessments
- 5. Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care: Findings from
Select Publications, 2008 and 2009
- 6. Pharmaceutical Pricing and Reimbursement Information Project: Promotion
of Generics in European Countries, 2006-2007
- 7. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence: Technology
Appraisal for Avastin, Nexavar, Sutent, and Torisel for Renal Cell Carcinoma,
2009
Figures
- 1. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence: Three Areas of
Guidance
- 2. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence: Convoluted
Process to Arrive at a Technology Appraisal for Four Alzheimer' s Drugs
- 3. Generic Market Shares in Europe, 2006
- 4. Lobbying Spend by Different Industries to Infl uence the U.S. Congress
and Federal Agencies, First Half of 2009
- 5. Top Health-Related Spenders Lobbying the U.S. Congress and Federal
Agencies, First Half of 2009
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