Abstract
Report summary:
Topics Covered Include:
- Application Trends by Vehicle Type
- Electrification Architectures
- Infrastructure Implications
- Business and Cost Analysis
- Technology Trends
- Standards and Regulations
A study done by the Institute of Transportation Studies at the University of
California, Davis, found that a total of 573,681 hybrid vehicles (cars and
small trucks) were sold in the United States from December 1999 through August
2006. Their study projected roughly 800,000 units in 2010, and 2 million in
2015. The market for vehicle electrification goes beyond �gconsumer�h
transportation, however, and includes a number of applications that are
already primarily electric (such as golf carts and forklifts). It also
includes vehicles that are starting to adopt hybrid and electric powertrains,
such as buses.
The level of hybrid electrification among vehicle types varies among
application and classes, with most architectures based on either the series or
parallel hybrid configurations. With the increased attention on
hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs) and plug-in hybrids, more companies are
expected to offer hybrid powertrains, along with related components and
modules.
Most of the work related to the impact of vehicle electrification on the power
infrastructure has focused on plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs). Numerous
assessments have supported an optimistic outlook for the impact of PHEVs on
the existing grid. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory, the Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory and the Electric Power Research Institute are
examining demands to the existing electricity grid in the US, and what
technologies need to be incorporated into the vehicles themselves. General
Motors and Ford partnerships have been announced, with others planned.
Still, issues remain for power supply components used in HEVs. Reliability,
including dual cooling and thermal management; system integration; battery
management; and power electronics challenges, including dc-dc
converters/inverters, EMI, resistor grids and transient smoothing, are still
being addressed.
Finally, formal safety and performance standards apply to HEVs and related
systems. Those standards fall under two broad categories: government
regulations and industry standards such as those issued by the Society of
Automotive Engineers. Standards related specifically to HEVs and PHEVs are
still few and are expected to emerge over the next few years. In some cases,
they are likely to be added to existing standards.
Countries Covered: Global Analysis
Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Application Trends by Vehicle Type
- Passenger Vehicles
- Light Trucks
- Small Task-Oriented Vehicles
- Golf Carts/Neighborhood Electric Vehicles
- Turf Care
- Commercial Vehicles
- Buses
- Environmental Drivers
- Fleet Vehicles
- Lift Trucks
- Heavy-Duty Trucks
- Europe and Asia versus North America
- Off-Road Vehicles
- Off-Road Utility Vehicles
- Agriculture/Construction/Forestry/Mining Vehicles
- Electrification Architectures
- Voltage Requirements
- Hybrid-Electric Vehicle Systems and Technologies
- Powertrain System Makers
- Vehicle Manufacturers
- Components and Module Makers
- Electrification Architectures and Vehicle Type
- System Integration and Components
- Plug-In Hybrid-Electric Vehicles
- Battery Technologies and Trends
- Emerging Chemistries
- Battery Management
- Infrastructure Implications
- Plug-In Hybrid-Electric Vehicles
- Hybrid-Electric Vehicles
- Business and Cost Analysis
- Manufacturing and Service
- Pricing Curves for the Hybrid-Electric Vehicle Market
- Non-Vehicle DC-DC Converter Pricing Curves
- Hybrid-Electric Vehicle DC-DC Converter Pricing Curves
- Technology Trends
- Reliability
- Dual Cooling and Thermal Management
- Advanced Materials and Components
- System Integration
- Power Electronics
- DC-DC Converters/Inverters
- EMI
- Resistor Grids
- Transient Smoothing
- Standards and Regulations
- North America
- Europe
- Asia
List of Exhibits
Tables
- Table 1 - Vehicle Electrification, Adoption Rates
- Table 2 - Airport Tug Manufacturers
- Table 3 - North America Truck Classifications
- Table 4 - Market Definition, by Vehicle Type
- Table 5 - Vehicle Types and Voltages
- Table 6 - Light-Duty Vehicles, Candidates for Electrification
- Table 7 - Medium-Duty Vehicles, Candidates for Electrification
- Table 8 - Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Candidates for Electrification
- Table 9 - Dollars-per-Kilowatt Non-Vehicle DC-DC Converters, Average $/kW
and Typical Range
- Table 10 - Non-Vehicle Discounting Path, Average Discount and Typical Range
- Table 11 - Non-Vehicle Pricing Curve Table, Dollars-per-Kilowatt at
Various Volumes
- Table 12 - Non-Passenger Vehicle Interpolation Factors, Percentage Change
from Non-Automotive
- Table 13 - Vehicle Discounting Path (Non-Passenger)
- Table 14 - Vehicle Pricing Curve Table (Non-Passenger),
Dollars-per-Kilowatt at Various Volumes
Figures
- Figure 1 - Series Hybrid with Diesel Generator (Enova Systems)
- Figure 2 - Post-Transmission Parallel Hybrid (Enova Systems)
- Figure 3 - Pre-Transmission Parallel Hybrid (Enova Systems)
- Figure 4 - Utility HEV System (Eaton Corporation)
- Figure 5 - Hydraulic Launch Assist"! (HLAR) Configuration (Eaton
Corporation)
- Figure 6 - Series Hybrid Hydraulic System (Eaton Corporation)
- Figure 7 - ArvinMeritor Electric Drive Axle, ME-26-720
- Figure 8 - Allison Transmission Hybrid Powertrain System
- Figure 9 - Allison Transmission Hybrid Powertrain System Diagram
- Figure 10 - BAE Systems Orion VII Hybrid Powertrain System
- Figure 11 - Toyota Prius Powertrain
- Figure 12 - Toyota Prius Engine, Motor and Generator
- Figure 13 - Toyota Prius Inverter
- Figure 14 - Non-Vehicle Pricing Curve, Dollars-per-Kilowatt at Various
Volumes
- Figure 15 - Non-Vehicle Pricing Curve Table, Dollars-per-Kilowatt at
Various Wattages
- Figure 16 - Non-Passenger Vehicle Pricing Curve, Dollars-per-Kilowatt at
Various Volumes
- Figure 17 - Non-Passenger Vehicle Pricing Curve, Dollars-per-Kilowatt at
Various Wattages
Companies Mentioned
- ABB
- Actel
- Advanced Energy
- Advanced Public Transport
- AFS Trinity Power
- AllGreenVehicles
- Allison Electric Drives
- Allison Transmission
- American Electric Vehicles
- American Trucking Association
- Analog Devices
- Anhui Forklift Truck Group
- Arens Controls
- ArvinMeritor
- Ashok Leylands
- Astec/Artesyn
- Atlet
- Australia Health Pro Ambulance Co.
- Australian Communications Authority
- Avago Technologies
- BAE Systems
- Ballard Power Systems
- BC Hydro
- Beijing DeLong Electric Power Equipment Co. Ltd
- Beijing Landeke Special Vehicle Technical Co. Ltd
- Better Place
- Bluebird Automotive
- Bosch
- Boshart Electric Vehicles
- British Industrial Truck Association
- British Standards Institute
- CalCars
- California Air Resources Board
- California Electric Transportation Coalition
- California State Polytechnic University
- Canadian Electric Vehicles Ltd.
- CANMET-MMSL
- Catepillar Inc.
- Chalmers University
- Charlatte America
- Chevron
- China Ministry of Science and Technology
- China Weapon Baodou Group North Creation Co. Ltd.
- Chrylser LLC
- CISMA
- CITIC Guoan Mengguli
- Clean Green Car Co.
- Club Car
- Coachmen
- Cobasys
- Coca-Cola
- Comitato Nazionale Italiano della FEM
- Comite Nacional Espanol de FEM
- Compact Power LG
- Continental/Siemens VDO
- Coulomb Technologies
- Cree
- Crown
- Cummins
- Curtis Instruments
- Daimler Buses North America
- DaimlerChrysler
- Dalian Forklift Truck Corp. Ltd
- Damascus Corp.
- Danaher Motion
- Delphi
- Deltron
- Denso Corp
- DICKEY-john
- Douglas Equipment Ltd
- DRS Technologies
- Duke Energy
- DynaStart
- E Traction N. America LLC
- Eagle Tugs
- Eaton Corp.
- Ebus
- ECOtality Inc.
- EEC
- Electric Power Research Institute
- Electric Tractor Co
- Electric Transportation Engineering Corp.
- Electric Truck LLC
- Electrite de France
- Enel
- Ener1
- EnerDel
- Energy Conversion Devices
- Enova Systems
- Espar Heating
- European Caravaning Federation
- European Commission
- European Investment Bank
- European Union
- Federal Communications Commission
- Federal Transportation Authority
- Federation Europeenne de la Manutention (Switzerland)
- FedEx
- First Auto Works of China
- Fisker Automotive
- Fleetwood
- Flexilift
- FMC Technologies
- Ford Motor Co.
- Fraunhofer Institute
- Freightliner LLC
- Fuji Heavy Industries
- General Motors
- German Federal Ministry of Transport
- GM Allison
- GM Powertrain
- Goldhofer AG
- Graziano
- Green Car Congress
- Hangzhou Forklift Truck Group
- Hanyang University
- Harlan Global Manufacturers LLC
- HDM
- Hilliard Corporation
- Hino Motors Ltd.
- Hitachi Construction Machinery Co.
- Hitachi Electric
- Hitachi Vehicle Energy
- Honda R&D Co. Ltd.
- Huangzhou Kang Bao Medical Vehicle Company Ltd
- Hybrid Truck Users Forum
- Hydrogenics
- Hyster
- Hyundai Heavy Industries
- Hyundai Motor Corp.
- IAV GmbH
- Industrial Truck Association
- Industrial Truck Standards Development Foundation
- Infineon
- Inmotion
- Innergy Power Corp.
- International Rectifier
- International Standards Association
- International Truck and Engine
- Irisbus
- ISE Corp.
- ISE Research
- Isuzu
- ITT Interconnect Solutions
- Iveco
- Jacobson
- Japan External Trade Organization
- Japan Fire Equipment Inspection Institute
- Japan Post Service
- Japanese Industrial Vehicle Association
- Japanese Standards Association
- Jiachang Electric Power Equipment Co
- Johnson Controls
- Jungheinrich
- Kenworth Truck Company
- Kobelco
- Komatsu Ltd.
- Korea Standards (KS) Service Network
- Lektro
- LG Chem Ltd.
- Liebherr Construction Equipment Co.
- Linde
- Linear Technology Corp.
- Long Beach Airport
- Lynco Tugger Co.
- M Trans
- Mack Trucks
- Magna Steyr
- Marks & Spencer
- Melexis
- Mercedes-Benz
- Michelin Group
- Mid-Atlantic Grid Interactive Car Consortium
- Miles Electric Vehicles
- Miles-Benelux BV
- Mitsubishi Fuso
- Mitsubishi Motor Corp.
- Monaco Industries
- Motorola Automotive Group
- NASA
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory
- National RV
- Navistar International
- New Flyer Industries
- New York Power Authority
- New York State Energy Research and Development Authority
- New Zealand Ministry of Economic Development
- Nidec Corporation
- Nissan Motor Co.
- Nissan-Renault
- Noordam Performance
- North American Bus Industries
- Occupational Safety and Health Administration
- Odyne Corp.
- Office of FreedomCAR & Vehicle Technologies
- Orion Bus Industries
- Oshkosh Truck Corp
- PACCAR
- Pacific Gas & Electric
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Panasonic EV Energy
- Pepco Holdings
- Pepsi-Cola
- Peterbilt
- PJM
- Portland General Electric Co.
- Powerex
- Progress Energy
- Provector
- PSA Peugeot Citroen
- Quantum Fuel Systems Technologies
- Queens College
- Radio Spectrum Management Group
- Raser Technologies Inc.
- Redarc
- Renault Subaru
- Renault/Opel
- Ricardo
- Rich Marks
- Rohm Co. Ltd
- Royal Mail
- RWE AG
- Sacramento Municipal Utility District
- Saft Groupe SA
- Samsung
- Sanyo Electric Co. Ltd.
- SBE Inc.
- Scania
- Schenectady City School District
- Schneider Electric
- Semikron International GmbH & Co.
- Semisouth
- Seoul National University
- Shanghai Shineng Electrical Equipment Factory
- Siemens Energy & Automation
- Silicon Laboratories
- Sisu Auto
- Smart
- Smith Electric Vehicles
- Society of Automotive Engineers
- Solomon Technologies Inc.
- Southern California Edison
- Stanford University
- Starbucks
- Swedish Committee of FEM
- Taiwanese Bureau of Standards
- Metrology and Inspection
- Tanfield Group PLC
- Tata
- Taylor- Dunn Manufacturing Corp.
- Technipower
- Tennessee Valley Authority
- Tennessee Valley Public Power Association
- Terex Corp.
- The Hammonds Co
- The Little Big Tug Co. Ltd
- Thor Industries
- Tiger Truck LLC
- TK Maxx
- TLD America
- Tokyo Electric Power Co
- Tomoedenki
- Toro Co.
- Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories
- Toyota Motor Corp.
- TranSiC
- Trojan Battery
- Tronair Inc.
- Tufts University
- Tug Technologies Corp
- UK Department of Transport
- UK Department for Business Enterprise and Regulatory Reform
- Underwriters Laboratories
- United Parcel Service
- University of California at Davis
- University of California at Irvine
- University of California at Los Angeles
- University of Delaware
- University of Illinois
- UQM Technology
- US Air Quality Management District
- US Department of Energy
- US Department of Transportation
- US Environmental Protection Agency
- US Hybrid
- US National Highway Transportation Safety Administration
- US National Park Service
- US Navy
- US Postal Service
- UTC Power
- V2Green
- Valence Technology
- Vansco Electronics
- Verban Deutscher Maschinen-und Anlagenbau e.V.
- Verizon
- Volkswagen
- Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles
- Volvo Construction Equipment
- Volvo Trucks
- Volvo/Renault Trucks
- Wal-Mart Transportation
- Waste Management
- WestStart-CALSTART
- Winnebago
- Wright Bus
- Xantrex
- Xcel Energy
- Yale University
- Yale
- ZF Friedrichshafen AG
- ZF Sachs
