本報告已在2011年07月19日停止出版。

受到新藥開發費用不斷地攀升、通路的惡化、未來 blockbuster 藥物不足的影響
,是否具有迅速鑑別生物學上具有潛力的藥劑目標 的能力,將成為決定未來 10 年內製藥產業勝敗的最大且唯一的關鍵。
專研基因科技與新種藥物等科學領域,在業界技術研發及業務拓展的調查擁有全球性好評的Insight Pharma Reports(總公司:美國麻州),調查與分析創藥的目標檢驗問題,並出版綜合報告書 "Powering Discovery through Target Evaluation: Moving Beyond the Validation Paradigm" 。
此報告書使用 114 頁的篇幅,除了說明當今目標檢驗模式的問題、主要競爭企業工具/產業策略、蛋白質體學技術,也探討 RNAi 技術、因應複數分子目標的方式、Whole-pathway 解析、展開醫療的現況等。此報告書的概略架構如下所示。
第1章 說明
第2章 目標評價技術
- 目標鑑別技術
- DNA微陣列
- 表現性蛋白質體學
- 生物資訊學與資料探勘
- 人類遺傳學
- 目標同定技術
- 目標檢驗技術
- Exelixis與Lexicon Genetics:從目標生物技術企業至創藥•醫藥品開發企業
- Exelixis
- Lexicon Genetics
第3章 創藥的Whole-Pathway解析
- Bionaut
- BioImage
- Avalon Pharmaceuticals
第4章 因應複數分子目標的治療法開發方法
- CombinatoRx
- Cyclacel
- 因應複數目標的酪胺酸激抑制劑開發企業
第5章 小/大分子藥的目標與藥劑能力
第6章 生物學/技術主導型目標評價與創藥/開發策略
- 技術主導型策略
- 生物學主導型策略
- 生物學/技術主導型策略的比較
第7章 對複雜疾病的了解尚未滿足需求
- 複雜疾病遺傳學基礎的計畫
- BiDil:對複雜/不均一性疾病的因應知識不足
- 生物標誌、複雜疾病、病患階層
- 生物標誌與開發醫療
- 利用動物樣本以了解複雜疾病及從事治療性策略開發
第8章 初期階段合作的目標/產業問題
- 欲達到初期階段共識的製藥/生物技術企業研究
- Novartis
- Merck
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Genentech
Abstract
The shift from traditional to genomics-and proteomics-based drug discovery has fundamentally
changed the way researchers view the subject of targets. After decades of focusing on a few hundred
relatively well-characterized therapeutic targets, drug developers are now finding that the genomics
revolution has presented them with the opposite dilemma: thousands of prospective targets about
which little is known. Powering Discovery through Target Evaluation: Moving beyond the Validation
Paradigm comprehensively evaluates current efforts to solve the target validation problem.
With steadily growing drug development costs, depleted pipelines, and few blockbusters on the
horizon, the ability to quickly identify the most biologically promising of these targets will be
the single-largest differentiator between the winners and losers within the research-based
pharmaceutical industry over the next decade. Target validation thus becomes the central issue in
the success or failure of pharmaceutical R&D. Researchers must find the means to choose the best
drug targets early in the process to reduce costly attrition rates and allow for more efficient drug
discovery and development.
Powering Discovery through Target Evaluation: Moving beyond the Validation Paradigm offers unique
and insightful analysis of current efforts to sift through the post-genomic data deluge, prioritize
targets, and optimize resources to develop the most promising leads. This report:
- Reviews the key issues with the current target validation paradigm.
- Evaluates the tools and business strategies of select companies competing in this arena.
- Analyzes efforts to use proteomic techniques for target validation.
- Addresses applications of RNAi technology to target validation and pathway mapping.
- Examines the issue of multiple molecular "causes" of disease by developing therapies
(including single drugs and combination therapies) that address more than one molecular target.
- Discusses whole pathway approaches to drug discovery--a crucial step toward understanding the
function of poorly characterized targets. Pathway analysis may also be important in patient
stratification.
- Evaluates the current status of translational medicine as a strategy for improving the
productivity of drug development.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1. Introduction
- 1.1. What Is a Drug Target?
- 1.2. The Target Validation Problem
- 1.3. Critiques of the Target Validation Paradigm
Chapter 2. Target Evaluation Technologies
- 2.1. Target Identification Technologies
- DNA Microarrays
- Expression Proteomics
- Bioinformatics and Data Mining
- Human Genetics
- 2.2. Target Characterization Technologies
- 2.3. Target Validation Technologies
- RNA Interference (RNAi)
- Model Organisms
- 2.4. Exelixis and Lexicon Genetics: From Model Organism Technology Companies to Drug Discovery
and Development Companies
- Exelixis
- Lexicon Genetics
Chapter 3. Whole-Pathway Approaches to Drug Discovery
- 3.1. Bionaut
- 3.2. BioImage
- 3.3 Avalon Pharmaceuticals
Chapter 4. Approaches to Developing Therapies That Address Multiple Molecular Targets
- 4.1. CombinatoRx
- 4.2. Cyclacel
- 4.3. Companies Developing Kinase Inhibitors That Address Multiple Targets
Chapter 5. Targets and "Druggability" for Small- and Large Molecule Drugs
Chapter 6. Biology-Driven and Technology-Driven Target Evaluation and Drug Discovery/Development
Strategies
- 6.1. Technology-Driven Strategies
- 6.2. Biology-Driven Strategies
- 6.3. A Comparison of Biology- and Technology-Driven Strategies
Chapter 7. Understanding Complex Diseases with High Unmet Need
- 7.1. Genetics-Based Programs in Complex Diseases
- 7.2. BiDil, an Example of Dealing with a Complex, Heterogeneous Disease with Incomplete
Knowledge
- 7.3. Biomarkers, Complex Diseases, and Patient Stratification
- 7.4. Biomarkers and Translational Mecidince
- 7.5. Animal Models in Understanding Complex Diseases and Developing Therapeutic Strategies
Chapter 8. Targets and Business Issues in Early-Stage Partnerships
- 8.1. Pharma and Biotech Approaches to Early-Stage Agreements
- Novartis
- Merck
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Genentech
Appendix
- Selected Company Profiles
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals
- Cellomics
- CombinatoRx
- Exelixis
- Genentech
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR)
- Pfizer
- Wyeth Pharmaceuticals
References
Glossary
Index