Abstract
REPORT HIGHLIGHTS
The Fuel Cell Industry Review will provide a comprehensive summary of all
major news and other events that affected the global fuel cell industry in
2011. Coverage will include:
- Technology advances
- Key mergers and acquisitions
- Business alliances and partnerships
- Research and development
- Government funding
- New products and their effect on industry advancement
- Current and pending legislation that will affect the industry
- Key industry events
The goal of BCC Research in compiling and publishing the Fuel Cell Industry
Review is to provide key players with all important news from 2011 and an
analysis of how the industry will be affected in one publication.
REPORT SCOPE
INTRODUCTION
Fuel cells produce electricity by electrochemical reactions. After more than
170 years of research and development, the emphasis seems to be shifting to
commercial applications of fuel cells rather than concentrating on the various
types of fuel cells. This has occurred generally based on appropriate and
efficient performance at a given task with the driving force being economics
rather than sparse government investment in the entire fuel cell sector. The
only emissions from a hydrogen-fed fuel cell are water, sometimes waste heat,
and a tiny bit of carbon dioxide. There is still a lot to be done in the area
of infrastructure, storage, and the distribution of the fuel for a fuel cell,
typically hydrogen, and some production issues related to materials and
components solved. There are also metal-air fuel cells that have some
specific uses and are often called " batteries."
Like batteries, fuel cells produce electric power. Unlike batteries, fuel
cells consume some type of " fuel" and do not store electricity. Commercial
fuel cells range from large, stationary arrays to small portable
configurations. High-temperature fuel cells require heat management equipment
and insulation, not components that contribute to size reduction. In the last
three years, smaller, sealed, low-temperature, and truly portable fuel cell
power sources have been developed and commercialized. The type of electrolyte
usually defines the fuel cell. Note that to be an effective vehicle power
source, fuel cells usually need to be configured with a battery system to
store the power produced. Transportation fuel cell types include the
following:
- Alkaline fuel cells
- Solid oxide fuel cells
- Proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Of these, proton exchange membrane (PEM) designs and their variants are, by
far, the most widely used. A PEM fuel cell consists of two electrodes, the
anode, and the cathode, separated by an ion conductive polymer electrolyte.
Each of the electrodes is coated on one side with a platinum containing
catalyst. Hydrogen fuel dissociates into free electrons and protons (positive
hydrogen ions) in the presence of the platinum catalyst at the anode. The
free electrons are conducted in the form of usable electric current through
the external circuit. The protons migrate through the membrane electrolyte to
the cathode. At the cathode, oxygen from the air, electrons from the external
circuit and protons combine to form pure water and heat, in order to obtain
the desired amount of electrical-power-generated individual fuel cells in a
stack. Increasing the number of cells in a stack increases the voltage, while
increasing the surface area of the cells increases the current. Because of
the need for a water-charged electrolyte, PEM fuel cells are limited to
relatively low temperatures (60°ree;C to 120°ree;C).
Most PEM fuel cells operate using pure hydrogen or a hydrogen containing gas.
A variation is the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), which operates in a one
molar (1M) to 3M aqueous methanol solution, which supplies methanol to the
anode. The electrochemical reactions are essentially as follows. First, a
methanol molecule's carbon - hydrogen, and oxygen - hydrogen bonds are broken
to generate electrons and protons, simultaneously a water molecule's oxygen -
hydrogen bond is broken to generate an additional electron and proton. The
carbon from the methanol and the oxygen from the water combine to form carbon
dioxide. Oxygen from air (supplied to the cathode) is simultaneously reduced
at the cathode. The ions (protons) formed at the anode migrate through the
interposing electrolyte and combine with the oxygen at the cathode to form
water. The idea of refueling a fuel cell vehicle with an easy-to-store liquid
instead of a gas is obvious. However, this technology is not as mature as
pure hydrogen fed PEM.
The primary topics considered in this year's review of Fuel Cell Industry
Review are transportation, stationary applications, portable application
military uses, materials and components, and hydrogen generation and storage.
Also included are industry news items and some tangential items related to
commercialization. Specific cases include fuel cells being used at wastewater
treatment plants, government buildings, universities, military bases, police
stations, homes, and hospitals and even tried out in ferries and airplanes.
There are many other applications for fuel cells, including portable power,
vehicles, buses and consumer electronics, which are being researched,
demonstrated, and deployed by numerous organizations around the world.
WHICH FUEL CELL TYPES SEEM TO FIT IN WHAT APPLICATION?
The long sought after and desired application was to put fuel cell into cars.
That sector is currently being better served by the hybrid and electric
vehicle combined with improved internal combustion engines (ICE). The noted
exceptions are buses and forklifts. Forklifts work in closed spaces and the
fact that they have essentially no emissions make this a real advantage for
their operators. Buses can put large compressed hydrogen tanks on their roof,
follow fixed routes, and can be adequately serviced for fuel as they return to
the garage at the end of their runs. The issue of the fuel cell starting
operation can be easily solved by starting the bus early enough to be
operational in time for the route run. Competition looming for fuel cell
buses may be the compressed natural gas fueled bus or conversion of some older
buses to hybrid battery-diesel operating systems.
Alkaline fuel cells are easily poisoned by the Earth's atmosphere containing
carbon dioxide. This older and established fuel cell technology is generally
limited to space craft or submarines. Electrical efficiency is in the 50%
range. Phosphoric acid fuel cells are also well established in stationary
applications. Some improvements continue to be made and have a typical power
output greater than 50 kW. The chief disadvantage cited is the high operating
temperature about (200°ree;C or 392°ree;F) and an electrical efficiency
in the 35% to 40% range. The electrolyte is an immobilized liquid phosphoric
acid.
The preferred stationary application fuel cell seems to be the solid oxide
fuel cell or SOFC operating with an electrical efficiency of about 65% and
providing electrical power of less than 200 kW. The electrolyte is a ceramic
and the operating temperature is the highest of any fuel cell at 1000°ree;C
(1800°ree;F).
The molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) is coming off a second-generation
improvement sponsored by the Department of Energy (DOE). Molten carbonate
fuel cells are designed to operate at higher temperatures than phosphoric acid
or PEM fuel cells and can achieve higher fuel-to-electricity and overall
energy use efficiencies than lower temperature cells. In a molten carbonate
fuel cell, the electrolyte is made up of lithium-potassium carbonate salts
heated to about 1200°ree;F (650°ree;C). At these temperatures, the
salts melt into a molten state that can conduct charged ions between two
porous electrodes. Electrical efficiency is approaching 60% with typical
electrical power of over 200 kW. The fuel can be natural gas feed directly
from a pipeline or methane.
At the anode, hydrogen reacts with the carbonate ions to produce water, carbon
dioxide, and electrons. The electrons travel through an external circuit
creating electricity and return to the cathode. There, oxygen from the air
and carbon dioxide recycled from the anode react with the electrons to form
carbonate ions that replenish the electrolyte and provide ionic conduction
through the electrolyte, completing the circuit.
In 2003, FuelCell Energy, the molten carbonate developer, delivered its first
commercial unit at the Kirin Brewery plant in Japan. In 2011, commercial
FuelCell Energy's demonstration and commercial units are operating at over 50
installations worldwide. Most of these are about 250 kW, although multiple
units have been combined for larger installations. The remaining types of fuel
cells are variants of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) or more
commonly called a PEM. The basic PEM uses an ion exchange membrane that is
water based and operates at a fairly low temperature of 80°ree;C
(176°ree;F) with an electrical efficiency of about 60%. With a typical
electrical power output of less than 250 kW, it can find applications in small
vehicles and small stationary applications. Its first cousin is the
high-temperature PEMFC that uses an acid based ion exchange membrane. Typical
electrical output is less than 100 kW at operating temperatures in the
120°ree;C to 200°ree;C (248°ree;F to 392°ree;F) range. A better
known variant is the direct methanol fuel cell or DMFC with a typical
electrical efficiency of 40% and for portable applications requiring less than
1 kW of electrical power.
VALUE OF FUEL CELLS IN GLOBAL MARKETS
Many fuel cell companies are unprofitable, but the opportunities for growth
are promising. When the appropriate fuel cell technology can stand on its own
economic viability without government support, then the various technologies
will become mainstream and a true growth industry. Each end-use application
has its own drivers and competitive barriers. Fuel cells must be able to
penetrate their specific market space without depending on government
sponsorship.
In the stationary market, SOFC power is gaining traction in all applications,
including central processing units, generators, backup and primary power, and
auxiliary power units of all types. The SOFC seems to be scalable and modular
in installation and not dependent on the power grid. The units can partner
with batteries, diesel generators, solar, wind turbines, or ultracapacitors.
Quiet and no emissions are desired in forklift in-door and warehouse
operations. Fuel cell forklifts can run 2 to 3 times longer between fueling
than batteries that need to be plugged in and recharged. Labor charges are
less with the fuel cell forklift.
Backup power and primary power are also growing markets for SOFC. Then there
are the federal investment tax credits for fuel cell use. For business
property owners, credits are available for 30% of the cost, up to $3,000.
At the present time, 2011, the global value of SOFC is estimated at $380
million. This is certainly up from previous estimates of $264 million in
2006. Growth rates over the next five years will certainly depend on currency
valuations or devaluations and what happens to the euro. The rise of the
appreciation of SOFC in Asia may well offset that parameter. Projected is a
compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7% for SOFC in all markets through 2016,
amounting to $532 million in 2016.
Long a favorite of developers and users is the PEM and its variants. Retail,
grocery stores, and many others using portable devices have favored the PEM.
Many grocery stores tend to favor the older and supposedly more reliable and
tested phosphoric acid fuel cell of UTC. If your product is food you do not
want to lose all your assets in a 12-hour to two-week power outage. The PEM
and its variants have applications in portable devices, some stationary
applications, and some transportation devices. Some analysts rate the
shipments of portable devices as largest by money value. This is an agreeable
consensus of opinion. The units fulfill their function in an efficient and
cost-effective manner. Four or five years ago, the PEM markets were valued
globally at only about $127 million. Today, it is a conservative $398 million
in all applications. In five years (2016), after increasing at a CAGR of 20%,
this should reach $457 million worldwide for PEMs of all types.
The following review covers the important events for fuel cells in 2011. Join
us next year for the expanded newsletter Power Sources and Advanced Vehicle
Progress. This new publication will be published once a month and available
only as an electronic edition. Readers should appreciate the expanded
coverage and information.
Table of Contents
Chapter- 1: INTRODUCTION - Complimentary
- WHICH FUEL CELL TYPES SEEM TO FIT IN WHAT APPLICATION?
- VALUE OF FUEL CELLS IN GLOBAL MARKETS
Chapter- 2: TRANSPORTATION
- TUCSON IX HYDROGEN FUEL CELL EV
- BALLARD WORKING ON SOUTH AMERICAN FUEL CELL BUSES WITH INTEGRATOR
TUTTOTRASPORTI
- FUEL CELL BUS FOR TOKYO AIRPORT ROUTES
- U.S. TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION PROMOTES FUEL CELL BUS TECHNOLOGIES
- ROAD READY FUEL CELL CABS DEBUT IN LONDON
- NORDIC COUNTRIES PREPARE FOR FCV DEPLOYMENT
- EUROPEAN DEMONSTRATION OF HYDROGEN POWERED FUEL CELL FORKLIFTS
- HYUNDAI MOTOR INTRODUCES " NEW THINKING" AT THE 2011 SEOUL MOTOR SHOW
- BALLARD SUB-LEASES SURPLUS FC MANUFACTURING SPACE TO DAIMLER
- BALLARD COMPLETES OPTIMIZATION OF PRODUCTION SPACE
- BALLARD FUEL CELLS BACKING LONDON CLIMATE CHANGE TARGET
- FUEL CELL POWER MODULES FOR HYBRID FERRY
- SAE HAS BOOK ON HYBRID FUEL CELL VEHICLE DESIGN
- PLUG POWER AT HYDROGEN INDUSTRIAL PARK
- PLUG POWER FINANCIALS AND STATUS
- U.S. DOE SETS ASIDE $74 MILLION FOR FUEL CELL R&D
- VALIDATING METHANOL FUEL CELLS
- WORLD RECORD FOR UTC
- SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY FUEL CELL VEHICLE FUNDING
- NEXT GENERATION EFOY COMFORT
Chapter- 3: MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS
- APPLE LIQUIDMETAL FUEL CELL PATENT
- MORE ON APPLE LIQUIDMETAL FUEL CELL PATENT
- SILVER AND RHODIUM ALLOY WITH PALLADIUM-LIKE PROPERTIES
- SEMIAUTOMATED FUEL CELL5 ASSEMBLY LINE
- SOLID ELECTROLYTE NANOCRYSTALS IN FUEL CELLS
- OXIDATION RESISTANT CARBON SUPPORTS FOR FUEL CELLS
- PARTNERSHIPS FOR PEMFCS
- ITM POWER MEMBRANE TEST UPDATE
- HYDROGEN SAFETY COMPONENTS AVAILABLE
- STRATEGIC ALLIANCE FOR STEEL FUEL TANKS
- COST-EFFECTIVE FUEL CELL MANUFACTURING PROCESS
- CASE WESTERN NANOTUBE CATALYSTS
- FUELCON SOFC STATUS
- OPTOMEC AIR FORCE SOFC CONTRACT
- ORNL FUEL CELL MICROSCOPY
- PLATINUM-COATED NANOPARTICLES FOR ROOM TEMPERATURE FUEL CELLS
- NANO ARCHITECTURE MEA FOR NEXT GENERATION FUEL CELL
- DOE AWARD FOR MEA COST REDUCTION
- POROUS ALUMINUM-CELMET FOR ELECTRODES
- Figure Aluminum-Celmet (x40) :
Chapter- 4: STATIONARY
- ELECTRO POWER SYSTEMS INTRODUCES INDIA ELECTROSELF
- INCENTIVE PROGRAM OF $21.6 MILLION FOR FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY INSTALLATION
- GERMANY'S FIRST OFF-GRID BASE STATION
- HYBRID RENEWABLE ENERGY SOLUTIONS FOR TELECOM
- RESIDENTIAL CHP FIELD TRIALS IN CONSUMERS' HOMES
- SOUTH KOREA STANDARD PRICING FOR FUEL CELLS
- 1.4 MW POWER PLANT TO A CALIFORNIA UTILITY AT CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY
- COX COMMUNICATIONS COMPLETES FUEL CELL PROJECTS
- KOREAN GAS SAFETY CERTIFICATION FOR CLEAREDGE POWER
- ONE MEGAWATT FUEL CELL GENERATOR FOR SINGAPORE
- FUEL CELLS IN PLACE AT COX COMMUNICATIONS
- FUEL CELL POWERED HIGH SCHOOLS
- FUELCELL ENERGY ASIAN MARKET EXPANSION
- FUELCELL ENERGY FINANCIAL STATUS
- BLOOM ENERGY UPDATE: " ELECTRONS" AND CUSTOMERS
- SAFCELL REPORTS ON SOLID ACID FUEL CELL STACK FOR COOL FLAME DIESEL
REFORMER
- PURECELL FLEET ATTAINS 100,000 HOURS OF OPERATION
- CERAMIC FUEL CELLS SALES AND SERVICE AGREEMENT WITH HILLS HOLDINGS
- POWER ON DEMAND COMBINES FUEL CELL, BATTERY, ALTERNATIVE ENERGY PRODUCTION
- REORGANIZATION FOR AFC ENERGY
- TROPICAL DEBUTS FC POWER UNITS
- FUELCELL ENERGY'S 70 MEGAWATT FC ORDER
- BALLARD BACKUP POWER FOR MEININGEN, GERMANY
- FIRST DIRECT FUELCELL INSTALLATION IN THE U.K.
- CLEAREDGE POWER $73.5 MILLION FINANCING
- WASTE-TO-ENERGY FUEL CELL DEMO PLANNED
- SCS ENERGY WILL TAKE OVER HYDROGEN ENERGY CALIFORNIA
- HECA: FUEL CELLS, CARBON SEQUESTRATION, AND ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
- BLUEGEN ACCREDITATIONS AND CERTIFICATIONS
- AFC ENERGY COMMERCIAL COMMISSION AND STATUS
- ULTRA ELECTRONICS TO ACQUIRE ADAPTIVE MATERIALS FOR $23 MILLION
- GRANT FOR THE INDUSTRIAL FIELD TESTS OF THE " NEXA 1200" FUEL CELL SYSTEM
- JOINT COMMERCIAL SOFC TEST
Chapter- 5: PORTABLE
- NEAH POWER IS CONTINUING EFFORTS TOWARD LICENSING POWERCHIP
- MTI STATUS REPORT
- NANOMETRIC THIN FILM SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS
- PORTABLE POWER HYDROGEN FUEL PELLETS
Chapter- 6: HYDROGEN GENERATION AND STORAGE
- HARD X-RAYS PROBE MODEL FUEL CELL CATALYST
- FIRST HYDROGEN FUEL CELL POWERED LIGHT TOWER
- HYDROGEN INITIATIVE FOR HAWAII
- NANO-STRUCTURED ELECTRODES FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION
- LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LAB HYDROGEN STORAGE NANOCOMPOSITE
- LOS ALAMOS HYDROGEN FUEL RECYCLING
- ACTA AGREEMENTS WITH CLAIND SRL AND WITH MES
- NREL HYDROGEN SAFETY PROGRESS
- MEMS FLOW SENSORS FOR FUEL CELL SYSTEMS
- ENHANCED BIOINFORMATICS R&D FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION
- SOLID HYDROGEN STORAGE CONTRACT
- CARBON NANOTUBES FOR HYDROGEN STORAGE
- START-UP PROMOTES NANOBEADS FOR HYDROGEN REFUELING
- XEBEC AND SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA GAS BIOGAS PURIFICATION
- SOLID HYDROGEN STORAGE SOLUTION CONTRACT
- HYDROGEN ECONOMY CENTER AT UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA
- MYFC DEBUTS PORTABLE FUEL CELL CHARGER
- ITM POWER COMPLETES DESIGN PHASE
- WATT FUEL CELL PORTABLE SOFC JOINT VENTURE
- ITM POWER NOVEL HYDROCARBON ION EXCHANGE MATERIAL
- ULTRA76 TANTALUM ALLOY FOR HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT RESISTANCE
- U.S. DOE HYDROGEN STORAGE TECHNOLOGY R&D
- ALUMIFUEL POWER PATH-TO-MARKET PARTNERS
- GERMANY TO GET HYDROGEN FUEL STATION NETWORK
- FIRST U.S. PIPELINE-FED HYDROGEN STATION
- MASSIVE HYDROGEN GENERATION IN ISTANBUL TURKEY
- AGREEMENT TO JOINT MARKET LOW-COST, HIGH-ACCURACY HYDROGEN ANALYZER
- SIGNA CHEMISTRY EXPANDS CENTRAL PROCESS
- COLD CLIMATES HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGY
- CALIFORNIA'S SEWAGE TO FUEL DEVELOPMENTS
- COMPRESSOR WITHOUT MOVING PARTS REACHES 800 BAR
- USC AMMONIA BORANE HYDROGEN ROUTE
- IRON VEINS IMPROVE MAGNESIUM HYDROGEN STORAGE
- CO-PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN FUEL
- SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIAL AS A HYDROGEN ROUTE
Chapter- 7: MILITARY
- LOCKHEED MARTIN VALIDATES POTENTIAL IN-THEATER FUEL CELL USE
- CORPS OF ENGINEERS AWARDS $2.5M FUEL CELL BACKUP PROJECT
- GM FUEL CELL VEHICLE FOR NAVY
- FUEL CELL POWERED FORKLIFTS FOR THE DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY
- $1.1 MILLION SUBCONTRACT TO INTEGRATE FUEL CELL POWER SYSTEM
- GLOBAL OBSERVER MISHAP DURING EXTENDED DURATION FLIGHT TESTING
- DARPA REPORTS ON HYBRID SOFC SMALL DRONE
- ENERGYOR UAV ACHIEVES 10 HOUR FLIGHT ENDURANCE
- PROTON ONSITE SECURES MILITARY HYDROGEN FUELING CONTRACT
- STUDENTS DESIGN PORTABLE HYDROGEN REACTOR FOR FUEL CELLS
Chapter- 8: INDUSTRY NEWS
- CHP PRODUCT RECEIVES CE SAFETY APPROVAL
- SANDIA HYDROGEN PARTNERSHIP GOES GLOBAL
- FCHEA DOES NOT OUTSOURCE THE CLEAN ENERGY ECONOMY
- FUELCELL ENERGY REGISTERED DIRECT OFFERING OF COMMON STOCK
- BAC2 SHIFTS FROM R&D TO PRODUCTION MODE
- NORWEGIAN HYDROGEN FUELING STATION AWARDS
- SOCALGAS INVESTS IN OREGON FUEL CELL MANUFACTURER
- FUEL CELL AND HYDROGEN ENERGY ASSOCIATION POLICY DIRECTOR
- GREENANGEL ENERGY APPOINTS NEW DIRECTOR
- PROTON POWER ADMINISTRATIVE CHANGES
- BING ENERGY RECEIVES A $1.9 MILLION FLORIDA JOB CREATION REWARD
- PILUS ENERGY AND HORIZON FUEL CELL ALLIANCE
- HYUNDAI MOTOR GROUP JOINING CLEAN ENERGY PARTNERSHIP
- AFC GETS NEW MANAGING DIRECTOR
- ALTERNATIVE ENERGY PARTNERS SPIN-OFFS, FOCUS ON FUEL CELLS
- ULTRA ELECTRONICS REPAYS MICHIGAN 21ST CENTURY JOBS FUND AWARD
- SUNFIRE AND STAXERA SYNTHETIC FC FUEL
- NEW PRESIDENT AND CEO FOR CANADIAN HYDROGEN AND FUEL CELL ASSOCIATION
- PLUG POWER, INC. COMPLETES $20 MILLION PUBLIC OFFERING
- PLUG POWER FINANCIAL STATUS
- JOINT VENTURE FOR PRODUCTION OF ALGAE-BASED BIO-DIESEL
- SHAKE-UP AT GRAFTECH
- NEW CEO FOR LEO MOTORS
- XEBEC AND NUVERA HYDROGEN AGREEMENT
- OPCON SECURES $32 MILLION+ EQUITY LINE OF CREDIT
- HOPPECKE PARTNERS WITH RELION
- INDONESIA SUPPORTS IDATECH TELECOMM AND BACKUP FUEL CELLS
- PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP DEDICATES OVER € 200 MILLION
- NEAH MAY ACQUIRE EXIGENT SECURITY PRODUCTS
- IVOICE WILL MERGE WITH HYDRA FUEL CELL
- STAXERA INCREASES GUARANTEE FOR ISM 1.4 KW
- SPECIAL FUEL CELL DISTRICT PLANED FOR JAPAN
- ARSC ENTERS LOI TO ACQUIRE IVOICE FOR SPINOFF OF HYDRA FUEL CELL TO
SHAREHOLDERS
- TOGNUM AG WILL DISCONTINUE STATIONARY POWER FUEL-CELL ACTIVITIES
- HYDROGENICS TERM SHEET FOR ONTARIO GOVERNMENT FUNDING
- CERES POWER'S NEW CEO
- DELMARVA FILES TARIFFS FOR DELAWARE PROJECT
- FUEL EFFICIENCY STANDARD BY 2025 54.5 MPG
- ENOVA SYSTEMS FILES SHELF REGISTRATION STATEMENT
Chapter- 9: NOTED
- GREENCELL CERAMIC IGNITERS
- MANGANESE-COBALT COATING FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL INTERCONNECTS
- WASTEWATER FUELED PHOTOCATALYTIC FUEL CELL
- PROFESSOR PETROS SOFRONIS TO LEAD CARBON-NEUTRAL ENERGY RESEARCH
- FREEDOM POWER SYSTEMS HAS FIVE MILLION+ HOURS OF OPERATION
- SCHUNK GROUP TUV SUD TEST SEAL
- OHIO THIRD FRONTIER SUPPORT
- STATUS MOLTEN CARBONATE FUEL CELLS FOR WATERBORNE APPLICATION
- 150 W FUEL CELL SYSTEM CONTRACT
- U.S. DOE ENERGY INNOVATION PORTAL
- EFOY FUEL CELL GENERATORS NOW AVAILABLE IN CANADA
- TOYOTA ADVANCED FUEL CELL HYBRID VEHICLE TRIALS UNDER WAY
- OEM AGREEMENT WITH LAB-VOLT FOR FUEL CELL TECHNICAL TRAINING
- GRANT TO SUPPORT CLEAN POWER FROM BY-PRODUCT HYDROGEN
- FUJIKURA AND BOEING JV FOR DMFCS
- UQM ELECTRIC PROPULSION SYSTEMS
- ROAD COMPLIANCE FOR HFUEL
- BLOOM ENERGY SELECTS BAXTER PLANNING SYSTEMS
- FIRST FUEL CELL TO POWER RESIDENTIAL BUILDING IN NY
- MONASH UNIVERSITY HYDROGEN PRODUCTION R&D
- TERMINUS ENERGY LABORATORY PLANS
- VISION MOTOR TESTING FUEL CELL TRUCKS
List of Tables
List of Figures
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- Summary Figure : High-Capacity Magnesium Nanocrystals Encapsulated in a
Gas-Barrier Polymer Matrix
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