Abstract
REPORT HIGHLIGHTS
- The U.S. consumed more than $3.1 billion worth of advanced and nanoscale
ceramic powders in 2010. Consumption is projected to increase to nearly $3.4
billion in 2011 and $5.4 billion in 2016, a projected compound annual growth
rate (CAGR) of 9.9% between 2011 and 2016.
- Advanced ceramic powders account for the bulk of the market (i.e. 83% in
2010), with sales of $2.5 billion in 2010, increasing to $4 billion by 2016,
for a CAGR of 8.3%.
- Nanoscale powders are expected to increase their market share steadily,
reaching a 24% market share by 2016. Its market was worth $528 million in
2010. This should increase at a CAGR of 16.4% to reach $1.2 billion in 2016.
INTRODUCTION
Advanced ceramic materials are a mature technology with a very broad base of
current and potential applications and a growing list of material
compositions. Advanced ceramics are inorganic, nonmetallic materials with
combinations of fine - scale microstructures, purity, complex compositions and
crystal structures, and accurately controlled additives. Such materials
require a level of processing science and engineering far beyond that used in
making conventional ceramics. These new generations of high - performance
materials have already reached a U.S. market of several billion dollars.
Collectively, they represent an enabling technology whose continued
development is critical to advances in a host of new high - technology
applications, ranging from modern microelectronics to superconductors and
nanotechnology.
The outstanding properties possessed by advanced ceramics are achieved through
special compositions and microstructures that require very careful control
throughout the successive stages of ceramic processing. These stages are:
powder synthesis, powder sizing, rheology control, consolidation and forming
processes, sintering, final machining, and inspection.
Ceramic powder is a necessary ingredient for most of the structural ceramics,
electronic ceramics, ceramic coatings, and chemical processing and
environmental related ceramics. For most advanced ceramic components,
starting powder is a crucial factor. The performance characteristics of a
ceramic component are greatly influenced by precursor powder characteristics.
Among the most important are the powder' s chemical purity, particle size
distribution, and the manner in which the powders are packed in the green body
before sintering.
Powders of narrow size distribution can be compacted into ordered arrays and,
when in the submicron region, these powders are sintered at reduced
temperatures. Consequently, in the processing of advanced ceramics, there is
a growing need to develop synthetic techniques capable of producing submicron,
chemically pure powders with a tailored size distribution. However, the cost
is again the factor since the new synthetic processing techniques are
comparatively more expensive than the currently established powder
manufacturing methods.
Nanoceramic powders constitute an important segment of the whole
nanostructured materials market. These powders are used in an array of
applications from microelectronics, optical, chemical, environmental, and
magnetic recording.
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
BCC published the first report on this subject, entitled Advanced Ceramic
Powders, in 1994. Since then, many new developments have occurred, especially
in the availability of large quantities of nanoceramic powders, as well as the
increased usage of these powders.
BCC has updated the original report several times in order to reflect timely
developments in advanced and nanoceramic powders. The present report is the
sixth updated edition of the 1994 study.
Its objectives are to:
- Provide an overview of the various advanced ceramic and nanosized ceramic
powders, their production technologies, and applications
- Identify the technological and business issues related to the commercial
production and use of advanced ceramic and nanosized ceramic powders
- Determine the current size and future growth of the markets for oxide,
carbide, nitride, and boride ceramic powders
- Determine the current size and future growth of the markets for nanosized
ceramic powders
- Identify and profile suppliers of advanced ceramic and nanosized ceramic
powders to the U.S. market
- Identify major user industries of advanced ceramic and nanosized ceramic
powders
- Identify major issues related to the production and commercialization of
advanced ceramic and nanosized ceramic powders
CONTRIBUTIONS Of THE STUDY
BCC' s technical and economic study covers the material types, synthesis
techniques, production methods, current and emerging applications, suppliers,
and trends in consumption of the various types of advanced ceramic and
nanosized ceramic powders. Current size and future growth of the markets are
estimated for the period 2010 through 2016. The report profiles commercially
significant suppliers of advanced ceramic and nanosized ceramic powders to the
U.S. market.
In particular, the term nanotechnology is used today to describe a wide range
of new technologies and materials, not all of which are actually nanoscale.
Some manufacturers have tacked the prefix “nano” onto their
products and processes, whether or not they deal in nano - sized elements, in
an attempt to boost customer or investor interest. Such hype inevitably
carries with it the risk of a backlash, because it can create unrealistic
expectations for nanotechnology. This report takes a realistic look at the
nanoceramics field and tries to provide a road map to the technologies and
applications that show the greatest commercial promise over the next 5 years.
SCOPE OF REPORTS
For each ceramic powder type, the report provides an analysis of material
types in that category, processing technologies, properties, applications,
suppliers, prices, and U.S. markets.
A technology review has been conducted on the current and emerging ceramic
powder production technologies, such as carbothermal reduction, vapor - phase
reaction, plasma processes, sol - gel techniques, and chemical techniques
(including precipitation, hydrothermal process, emulsion process, laser
synthesis, and self - propagating high - temperature synthesis [SHS]).
Nanosized powders have been treated in a separate chapter since many nanosized
powder synthesis technologies are common to different ceramic powders.
The qualitative and quantitative judgments embodied in this report are a
valuable contribution to the current knowledge of advanced and nanosized
ceramic powders, their processing techniques, applications, and markets. They
should be useful to companies that are facing decisions about their strategies
for expansion or entering new areas of business.
METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES
The findings of this report are based on information derived from interviews
with many producers and potential producers of advanced ceramic powders and
nanosized ceramic powders, industry experts, and those conducting research and
development. In addition, many end users were contacted to evaluate the
current and future demand for these materials. Secondary data were obtained
from trade publications, technical journals, government statistics, and BCC
databases.
With 2010 as a baseline, projections for each market segment were developed
for 2011 through 2016. The projections are based on a combination of a
consensus among the primary contacts combined with BCC' s understanding of the
key market drivers and their impact from a historical and analytical
perspective.
Unless otherwise noted, all dollar projections presented in this report are in
2010 constant dollars.
ANALYST CREDENTIALS
This report is an update of an earlier report prepared by Dr. Thomas
Abraham. Dr. Abraham was formerly Vice President, and Director of the
Advanced Materials Group of BCC. Dr. Abraham has extensive experience in the
field of advanced materials, including advanced ceramics, synthetic diamonds
and diamond films, magnetic materials, high performance coatings, and
superconductors.
Table of Contents
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
- INTRODUCTION
- STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
- CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY
- SCOPE OF REPORT
- METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES
- INTENDED AUDIENCE
- ANALYST CREDENTIALS
- RELATED BCC REPORTS
- BCC ONLINE SERVICES
- DISCLAIMER
CHAPTER TWO: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- SUMMARY TABLE U.S. CONSUMPTION OF ADVANCED AND NANOSCALE CERAMIC POWDERS,
THROUGH 2016 (MILLION LBS/$ MILLIONS)
- SUMMARY FIGURE U.S. CONSUMPTION OF ADVANCED AND NANOSIZED CERAMIC POWDERS,
2010-2016 (% OF TOTAL VALUE CONSUMED)
CHAPTER THREE: OVERVIEW OF ADVANCED CERAMIC POWDERS
- POWDER TYPES
- TABLE 1 COMMONLY USED ADVANCED CERAMIC MATERIAL FAMILIES
- POWDER SYNTHESIS TECHNIQUES
- CARBOTHERMAL REDUCTION
- TABLE 2 PROCESS STEPS TO PRODUCE s - SIC VIA CARBOTHERMAL REDUCTION
- VAPOR - PHASE REACTIONS
- Thermal Decomposition
- CVD Process
- FIGURE 1 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF THERMAL REACTOR SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING
CERAMIC POWDERS BY CVD
- PLASMA PROCESSES
- TABLE 3 PLASMA SYNTHESIS OF CERAMIC POWDERS
- TABLE 3 (CONTINUED)
- DC Arc Plasma Process
- FIGURE 2 SCHEMATIC OF A DC ARC PLASMA FURNACE DEVELOPED BY JAPAN' S
NATIONAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR METALS
- RF Plasma Process
- FIGURE 3 LOS ALAMOS RF PLASMA REACTOR
- Plasma Rapid Solidification Technology
- Reactive Electrode Submerged Arc
- SOL - GEL TECHNIQUES
- Alkoxide Route
- Internal Gelation
- PRECIPITATION
- HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS
- EMULSION PROCESS
- FIGURE 4 PROCESS FLOWCHART FOR EMULSION PROCESS TO PRODUCE BARIUM
TITANATE
- LASER SYNTHESIS
- COMBUSTION SYNTHESIS/SELF - PROPAGATING HIGH -TEMPERATURE SYNTHESIS
- COMBINATORIALLY DISCOVERED MATERIALS
- POWDER SYNTHESIS COMPARISON
- TABLE 4 POWDER SYNTHESIS COMPARISON
- TABLE 4 (CONTINUED)
- TABLE 5 POWDER PROCESSES FOR VARIOUS CERAMIC MATERIALS
- MATERIAL APPLICATIONS AND PROPERTIES
- STRUCTURAL CERAMICS
- ELECTRONIC CERAMICS
- CERAMIC COATINGS
- TABLE 6 CURRENT AND POTENTIAL USES FOR ADVANCED CERAMICS
- TABLE 6 (CONTINUED)
- ADVANCED STRUCTURAL CERAMICS
- TABLE 7 CURRENT AND POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF ADVANCED STRUCTURAL
CERAMICS
- Monolithic Structural Ceramics
- TABLE 8 PROPERTIES OF COMMERCIAL ALUMINA SPECIFICATIONS
- TABLE 9 PROPERTIES OF NORZIDE YZ - 110 TETRAGONAL ZIRCONIA POLYCRYSTALS
(TZP)
- TABLE 10 FRACTURE TOUGHNESS AND CRITICAL FLAW SIZES OF MONOLITHIC AND
COMPOSITE CERAMICS MATERIALSA
- TABLE 11 PROPERTIES OF MONOLITHIC CERAMICS AND CERAMIC COMPOSITES
- TABLE 12 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF VARIOUS ZIRCONIAS
- Ceramic Matrix Composites
- CERAMIC COATINGS
- TABLE 13 HIGH - PERFORMANCE CERAMIC COATING MATERIALS AND GENERAL
APPLICATIONS
- TABLE 14 REPRESENTATIVE FLAME AND PLASMA SPRAYED MATERIALS, MELTING OR
SOFTENING TEMPERATURE, AND USES
- TABLE 14 (CONTINUED)
- ELECTRONIC CERAMICS
- Insulators
- TABLE 15 CERAMIC INSULATORS AND THEIR PROPERTIES
- Substrates, IC Packages, and Multichip Modules
- TABLE 16 CERAMIC SUBSTRATE PROPERTIES
- TABLE 17 CANDIDATE CERAMIC SUBSTRATE MATERIALS FOR ELECTRONICS
- Capacitors
- TABLE 18 DIELECTRIC MATERIAL FOR MULTILAYER CERAMIC CAPACITOR (BARIUM
TITANATE - BASED CERAMIC)
- Piezoelectric Ceramics
- Advanced Batteries and Fuel Cells
- Magnetic Ferrites
- Superconductors
- CHEMICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL RELATED CERAMICS
- Ceramic Membranes and Filters
- Catalysts and Catalytic Supports
- OTHER TECHNICAL ISSUES
- Particle Size
- Particle Size (Continued)
- Rheology Control
- Uniformity
- Other Material Properties
- END - USER INDUSTRIES
- COMPANIES
- FIGURE 5 CERAMIC POWDER END - USER INDUSTRIES (%)
- OUTPUT
- TABLE 19 U.S. MARKETS FOR ADVANCED CERAMIC COMPONENTS, THROUGH 2016 ($
MILLIONS)
- OVERALL U.S. MARKET FOR ADVANCED AND NANOSCALE CERAMIC POWDERS
- TABLE 20 U.S. MARKETS FOR ADVANCED AND NANOSCALE CERAMIC POWDERS,
THROUGH 2016 (MILLION LBS/$ MILLIONS)
- FIGURE 6 U.S. MARKET FOR ADVANCED AND NANOSCALE CERAMIC POWDERS BY TYPE
OF POWDER, THROUGH 2016 (%OF TOTAL CONSUMPTION BY VALUE)
- FIGURE 6 (CONTINUED)
- FIGURE 7 U.S. MARKET FOR ADVANCED AND NANOSCALE CERAMIC POWDERS BY TYPE
OF END - USE, THROUGH 2016 (%OF TOTAL CONSUMPTION BY VALUE)
- FIGURE 7 (CONTINUED)
CHAPTER FOUR: OXIDE POWDERS
- SUMMARY
- MATERIAL TYPES
- ALUMINA
- ZIRCONIA
- FERRITES
- TITANATES
- BERYLLIA
- MIXED COMPLEX OXIDES
- SYNTHESIS AND POWDER PREPARATION
- ALUMINA
- FIGURE 8 COMPARISON OF THE CONVENTIONAL SLURRY PROCESS FOR s - AL2O3
PRODUCTION WITH THAT USING SOLUBLE ALKALI ADDITIVES
- ZIRCONIA
- Chemical Zirconia
- Chlorination and Thermal Decomposition
- Alkali Oxide Decomposition
- Lime Diffusion
- Plasma Zirconia
- FIGURE 9 SCHEMATIC FOR PRODUCTION OF PLASMA DISSOCIATED ZIRCONIA
- Partially and Fully Stabilized Zirconia Powders
- Hydrothermal Method for High - Purity Zirconia
- FERRITES
- FIGURE 10 FLOW DIAGRAM OF A SPRAY ROASTER OF THE TYPE USED IN COMMERCIAL
FERRITE POWDER PRODUCTION
- TITANATES
- TABLE 21 STEPS TO SYNTHESIZE BATIO3
- SUPERCONDUCTOR POWDERS
- PROPERTIES
- APPLICATIONS
- SUPPLIERS
- TABLE 22 MAJOR U.S. SUPPLIERS OF ADVANCED OXIDE CERAMIC POWDERS AND
PRODUCTS
- MARKETS
- ALUMINA
- Prices
- Sub - Segments
- Electronics
- TABLE 23 U.S. MARKETS FOR CERAMIC SUBSTRATES, INTEGRATED CIRCUITS,
INSULATORS AND MCMS, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLIONS)
- TABLE 24 ALUMINA POWDER CONSUMPTION FOR ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS, THROUGH
2016 (MILLION LBS/ $ MILLIONS)
- Structural
- TABLE 25 U.S. MARKETS FOR ALUMINA POWDERS FOR STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS,
THROUGH 2016 (MILLION LBS/$MILLIONS)
- Thermal Spray
- TABLE 26 U.S. MARKETS FOR ALUMINA POWDERS FOR THERMAL SPRAY
APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2016
- Chemical Processing and Environment - Related
- Membranes
- TABLE 27 U.S. MARKETS FOR OXIDE POWDERS FOR MEMBRANE APPLICATIONS,
THROUGH 2016 (MILLIONS LBS/$ MILLIONS)
- Filters
- TABLE 28 U.S. MARKETS FOR OXIDE POWDERS FOR CERAMIC FILTERS THROUGH 2016
(MILLION LBS /$ MILLIONS)
- Catalyst Supports
- TABLE 29 U.S. MARKETS FOR OXIDE POWDERS FOR CHEMICAL PROCESSING CATALYST
SUPPORTS, THROUGH 2016 (MILLION LBS/$ MILLIONS)
- Combined Chemical Processing and Environmental Market
- TABLE 30 U.S. MARKETS FOR ALUMINA POWDERS FOR CHEMICAL PROCESSING
APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 016 (MILLION LB /$ MILLIONS)
- Combined Alumina Markets
- TABLE 31 U.S. MARKETS FOR ALUMINA POWDERS FOR ADVANCED CERAMIC
APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2016 (MILLION LBS/$ MILLIONS)
- BERYLLIA
- Prices
- U.S. Markets
- TABLE 32 BERYLLIA POWDER CONSUMPTION FOR ELECTROCERAMIC APPLICATIONS,
THROUGH 2016 (MILLION LBS /$ MILLION )
- ZIRCONIA
- Prices
- Markets
- TABLE 33 U.S. MARKETS FOR ZIRCONIA POWDERS FOR ADVANCED CERAMIC
APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2016 (MILLION LBS/$ MILLIONS)
- TITANIA AND TITANATES
- Prices
- Markets
- TABLE 34 U.S. MARKETS FOR CERAMIC CAPACITORS AND BARIUM TITANATE
POWDERS, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLION/MILLION LBS)
- TABLE 35 U.S. MARKET FOR PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMIC ELEMENTS AND LEAD
ZIRCONATE TITANATE POWDERS, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLION/MILLION LBS)
- TABLE 36 TITANATE POWDER CONSUMPTION FOR ADVANCED CERAMIC APPLICATIONS,
THROUGH 2016 (MILLION LBS/$ MILLIONS)
- FERRITES
- Prices
- Markets
- TABLE 37 MARKET FOR CERAMIC PERMANENT MAGNETS, THROUGH 2016
- TABLE 38 U.S. SOFT FERRITES MARKETS, THROUGH 2016 (MILLION LBS/$
MILLIONS)
- TABLE 39 U.S. CONSUMPTION OF HARD AND SOFT FERRITES, THROUGH 2016
(MILLION LBS / $ MILLIONS)
- SILICA
- Prices
- Markets
- TABLE 40 U.S. CONSUMPTION OF SILICA POWDER FOR CATALYST SUPPORTS THROUGH
2016 (MILLION LBS/$ MILLIONS)
- MIXED OXIDES
- Prices
- Markets
- TABLE 41 MIXED OXIDE POWDER CONSUMPTION FOR ADVANCED CERAMIC
APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2016 (MILLION LBS/$ MILLIONS)
- OVERALL OXIDE MARKETS
- TABLE 42 U.S. MARKETS FOR OXIDE CERAMIC POWDERS, 2010 THROUGH 2016
(MILLION LBS/$ MILLIONS)
CHAPTER FIVE: CARBIDE POWDERS
- MATERIAL TYPES
- SYNTHESIS AND POWDER PREPARATION
- ACHESON PROCESS FOR SILICON CARBIDE
- THERMAX PROCESS
- FIGURE 11 PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR A TUNGSTEN CARBIDE FACILITY
- ELECTRIC ARC PROCESS FOR BORON CARBIDE
- SOL - GEL TECHNIQUE
- POLYMER PYROLYSIS
- GAS - PHASE PROCESS
- NIST PROCESS
- PRODUCTION OF POWDERS FOR ADVANCED CERAMICS
- PROPERTIES
- APPLICATIONS
- APPLICATIONS (CONTINUED)
- SUPPLIERS
- TABLE 43 MAJOR U.S. SUPPLIERS OF CARBIDE POWDERS FOR ADVANCED CERAMICS
APPLICATIONS
- MARKETS
- PRICES
- MARKETS
- TABLE 44 U.S. MARKETS FOR CARBIDE POWDERS FOR ADVANCED CERAMIC
APPLICATIONS, 2010 THROUGH 2016(MILLION LBS / $ MILLIONS)
CHAPTER SIX: NITRIDE POWDERS
- MATERIAL TYPES
- SYNTHESIS AND POWDER PREPARATION
- DIRECT NITRIDATION
- CARBOTHERMAL REDUCTION
- PYROLYSIS
- GAS - PHASE REACTIONS
- SOL - GEL TECHNIQUES
- LASER OR MICROWAVE SYNTHESIS
- PROPERTIES
- APPLICATIONS
- SUPPLIERS
- TABLE 45 MAJOR U.S. SUPPLIERS OF NITRIDE POWDERS FOR ADVANCED CERAMICS
APPLICATIONS
- MARKETS
- SILICON NITRIDE
- Prices
- Markets
- TABLE 46 U.S. MARKETS FOR SILICON NITRIDE POWDERS FOR ADVANCED CERAMIC
APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2016 (MILLION LBS/$ MILLIONS)
- ALUMINUM NITRIDE
- Prices
- Markets
- TABLE 47 U.S. MARKETS FOR ALUMINUM NITRIDE POWDERS, THROUGH 2016
(MILLION LBS/$ MILLIONS)
- BORON NITRIDE
- Prices
- Markets
- TABLE 48 U.S. MARKETS FOR BORON NITRIDE POWDERS FOR ADVANCED CERAMIC
APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2016 (MILLION LBS/$ MILLION)
- OVERALL NITRIDE MARKETS
- TABLE 49 U.S. MARKETS FOR NITRIDE POWDERS FOR ADVANCED CERAMIC
APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2016 (MILLION LBS/$ MILLION)
CHAPTER SEVEN: BORIDE POWDERS
- MATERIAL TYPES
- SYNTHESIS AND POWDER PREPARATION
- PROPERTIES
- APPLICATIONS
- TITANIUM DIBORIDE
- ZIRCONIUM DIBORIDE
- SUPPLIERS
- MARKETS
- PRICES
- CONSUMPTION
- TABLE 50 U.S. MARKETS FOR TITANIUM DIBORIDE POWDERS FOR ADVANCED CERAMIC
APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2016 (MILLION LBS/$ MILLION)
CHAPTER EIGHT: NANOSCALE CERAMIC POWDERS
- MATERIAL TYPES
- PROPERTIES
- TABLE 51 SURFACE AREA OF SELECTED OXIDE POWDERS
- FABRICATION OF NANOPOWDERS
- GAS - PHASE PROCESSING
- Gas - Phase Condensation
- High Frequency Plasma - Chemical Process
- Combustion Synthesis
- Electroexplosion
- Combustion Synthesis
- FIGURE 12 SCHEMATIC OF PSI TECHNOLOGIES' CONTINUOUS PROCESS FOR
NANOSCALE POWDER SYNTHESIS
- WET PHASE PROCESSING
- Conventional Chemical Precipitation
- Hydrothermal Processing
- Sol - Gel Processing
- FIGURE 13 SOL - GEL SYNTHESIS FLOW CHART
- Electric Dispersion Reaction
- Thermochemical Synthesis
- Microfluidizer Process
- Microfluidizer Process (Continued)
- Microemulsion Technology
- MECHANICAL PROCESSING
- High - Energy Mechanical Milling
- Mechanochemical Synthesis
- APPLICATIONS
- TABLE 52 POTENTIAL AND ACTUAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS OF NANOCERAMIC
POWDERS
- TABLE 52 (CONTINUED)
- TABLE 52 (CONTINUED)
- CERAMIC FILTERS
- SUPERPLASTIC CERAMICS
- LOW PROCESSING TEMPERATURE COMPONENTS
- OPTICAL/ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC
- CERAMIC - CERAMIC JOINING
- STRUCTURAL CERAMICS APPLICATIONS
- CATALYSTS AND CATALYST SUPPORTS
- FERROFLUIDS
- SUNSCREENS
- ADVANCED COATINGS
- SUPPLIERS
- TABLE 53 SUPPLIERS OF NANOCERAMIC POWDERS AND PRODUCTS
- TABLE 53 (CONTINUED)
- PRODUCTS AND CHANNELS OF DISTRIBUTION
- MARKET LEADERS
- MARKETS
- TABLE 54 U.S. MARKETS FOR CERAMIC NANOPOWDERS BY APPLICATIONS AND
MATERIALS TYPES, THROUGH 2016 ($ MILLION)
- FIGURE 14 CERAMIC NANOPOWDER MARKET SEGENTS, 2010-2016 (%)
- MARKETS (CONTINUED)
- APPENDIX
- PROFILES OF NORTH AMERICAN COMPANIES AND INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED IN CERAMIC
AND NANOCERAMIC POWDERS
- ADVANCED COMPOSITE MATERIALS LLC
- ALMATIS GMBH
- ALUCHEM INC.
- ALUMINUM CO. OF AMERICA (ALCOA)
- AREMCO PRODUCTS
- ARGONIDE CORP.
- BAIKOWSKI INTERNATIONAL CORP.
- BASF AG.
- BAYER AG.
- CABOT MICROELECTRONICS CORP.
- CATHAY MAGNETICS
- CE MINERALS
- CERALOX DIVISION/SASOL NORTH AMERICA, INC.
- CHEMAT TECHNOLOGY INC.
- COORSTEK
- COTRONICS CORP.
- DA NANOMATERIALS LLC
- E.I. DUPONT DE NEMOURS & CO.
- ELECTRO ABRASIVES CORP.
- ELKEM SILICON MATERIALS
- EUTECTIC CORP.
- FERRO CORPORATION
- FERROTEC CORP.
- FUJIMI CORP.
- GELEST, INC.
- GFS CHEMICALS, INC.
- HERMAN C. STARCK, INC.
- HOOSIER MAGNETICS, INC.
- INFRAMAT CORP.
- ISHIHARA SANGYO KAISHA, LTD.
- MACH I, INC.
- M/A - COM TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS
- MATERION CORP.
- MEL CHEMICALS
- MARKINTER CO.
- MATERIALS MODIFICATION, INC.
- MCP METAL SPECIALTIES
- MER CORP.
- MICRO ABRASIVES CORP.
- MILLENNIUM MATERIAL INC.
- MOMENTIVE PERFORMANCE MATERIALS, INC.
- MOYCO PRECISION ABRASIVES, INC.
- MUSCLE SHOALS MINERALS
- NANOCEROX
- NANOCRYSTALS TECHNOLOGY LTD.
- NANOPHASE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
- NEI CORP.
- NANOSCALE MATERIALS, INC.
- NEXTECH MATERIALS, LTD.
- NYACOL NANO TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
- ORTHOVITA CORP.
- PERFORMANCE CERAMICS CO.
- PLANAR SOLUTIONS LLC
- POWDER PROCESSING AND TECHONOLOGY
- PQ CORP.
- PRAXAIR SPECIALTY CERAMICS, INC.
- PRAXAIR SURFACE TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
- PRIMET LLC
- R.T. VANDERBILT COMPANY, INC.
- READE ADVANCED MATERIALS
- RHODIA, INC.
- RIO TINTO ALCAN
- SAINT GOBAIN CERAMIC MATERIALS
- SASOL NORTH AMERICA
- SOLVAY FLUORIDES
- STREM CHEMICALS
- SULZER METCO (U.S.), INC.
- SCI ENGINEEERED MATERIALS, INC.
- SUPERIOR GRAPHITE CO.
- SUPERIOR MICRO POWDERS
- TOSOH USA
- TRS TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
- UBE AMERICA, INC.
- UK ABRASIVES, INC.
- UMICORE USA
- UNIMIN CORP.
- U.S. PRODUCTS CO.
- WACKER CHEMICALS CORP.
- WAH CHANG
- WASHINGTON MILLS ELECTRO MINERALS CORP.
- ZIRCOA, INC.
- ZYP COATINGS, INC.
- Z - TECH CORPORATION
