全球氫經濟之構築：技術與市場商機 是由出版商BCC Research在2010年05月所出版的。
這份英文市場調查報告書包含165 Pages 價格從美金4850起跳。
針對全球的氫製造、儲藏、流通技術之市場， 本報告書進行詳盡的調查分析，提供氫的製造、儲藏、流通過程與主要技術，並介紹各種技術與各種技術產品的市場規模與預測（∼2015年），另外還彙整了諸如政府提倡氫經濟之市場影響因素，特許資料與競爭環境，以及主要企業之簡介，內容概要摘記如下。
第1章 導論
第2章 摘要
第3章 概要
第4章 政府支援的氫計畫
第5章 氫製造
第6章 氫儲藏
第7章 大量氫分子流通
第8章 電氣化學性的能源轉換
第9章 氫的直接燃燒
第10章 其他的氫氣相關技術
第11章 企業簡介
Abstract
THIS REPORT CONTAINS
- An overview of the worldwide market for technologies used in the
production, storage, and distribution of hydrogen; its conversion to other
forms of energy or direct consumption as a fuel; and miscellaneous other types
of hydrogen-related technology such as hydrogen sensors
- Analyses of global market trends, with data from 2009, estimates for 2010,
and projections of compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) through 2015
- Discussion of key enabling technologies for the hydrogen economy, and
their commercial or developmental status
- A focus on developments that will influence commercial prospects and demand
- Evaluation of key patents
- Government programs and policies in support of the hydrogen economy
- Comprehensive profiles of technology vendors.
INTRODUCTION
STUDY BACKGROUND
This report is an update of an earlier (2007) BCC report on the global
hydrogen economy. There have been significant developments since the last
report was published, most notably the reduced likelihood of large-scale
commercialization of fuel cell vehicles during the study period, which has
significant applications for the size and structure of the market for hydrogen
technologies.
Otherwise, the transition to a hydrogen economy will require large investments
in capital equipment and durable goods at every stage of the hydrogen chain,
from production of hydrogen through its distribution and storage to the
conversion of the hydrogen to useful work or energy. These investments are
both an economic challenge, to the extent that they require the mobilization
of sufficient financial resources, and a business opportunity for providers of
related goods and services.
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
The overall goal of this report is to comprehensively describe the key
enabling technologies for the hydrogen economy, challenges that must be
overcome before they can be commercialized, the projected cost to implement
them over the near to mid-term (i.e., through 2015), and the resulting market
opportunities.
INTENDED AUDIENCE
This report is intended especially for executives, entrepreneurs, investors,
venture capitalists and other readers with a need to know where the market for
hydrogen related technologies is headed in the next 5 years. The report' s
findings and conclusions should also be of interest to the energy research and
policy communities.
SCOPE OF REPORT
The report covers the worldwide market for technologies used in the
production, storage, and distribution of hydrogen, its conversion to other
forms of energy or direct consumption as a fuel, and miscellaneous other types
of hydrogen-related technology such as hydrogen sensors. The study format
includes the following major elements:
- Executive summary
- Key enabling technologies for the hydrogen economy, their commercial or
developmental status
- Developments that will influence commercial prospects/demand for hydrogen
technologies
- Hydrogen technology market projections through 2015
- Key patents
- Government programs and policies in support of the hydrogen economy
- Technology vendor profiles.
METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES
The findings and conclusions of this report are based on information gathered
from producers and users of hydrogen production, storage, distribution,
conversion and using equipment, as well as engineering and consulting firms
and government and academic research organizations. Interview data were
combined with information gathered through an extensive review of secondary
sources, such as trade publications, trade associations, company literature,
and online databases to produce the market projections contained in this
report.
The base-year for analysis and projection is 2009. With 2009 as a baseline,
market projections were developed for 2010 through 2015. These projections are
based on a combination of a consensus among the primary contacts combined with
our understanding of the key market drivers and their impact from a historical
and analytical perspective.
The methodologies and assumptions used to develop the market projections in
this report are discussed at length under the various types of
hydrogen-related plant and equipment addressed. The report carefully documents
data sources and assumptions. This way, readers can see how the market
estimates were developed and, if they so desire, test the impact on the final
numbers of changing various assumptions.
Table of Contents
Chapter- 1: INTRODUCTION -- Complimentary 4
- STUDY BACKGROUND 1
- GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 1
- INTENDED AUDIENCE 1
- SCOPE OF REPORT 1
- METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES 2
- ANALYST CREDENTIALS 2
- RELATED BCC REPORTS 3
- BCC ONLINE SERVICES 4
- DISCLAIMER 4
Chapter-2: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2
- SUMMARY TABLE BUILDING THE HYDROGEN ECONOMY: PROJECTED GLOBAL INVESTMENTS
IN PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 5
- SUMMARY FIGURE BUILDING THE HYDROGEN ECONOMY: TRENDS IN TECHNOLOGY SHARES,
2009 AND 2015 (PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL INVESTMENTS IN PLANT AND EQUIPMENT) 6
Chapter-3: OVERVIEW 11
- THE HYDROGEN ECONOMY 7
- DEFINITIONS 7
- CHARACTERISTICS OF HYDROGEN 7
- GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF HYDROGEN 8
- FIGURE 1 GLOBAL HYDROGEN CONSUMPTION, 2009 (PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL
CONSUMPTION) 8
- TABLE 1 GLOBAL HYDROGEN CONSUMPTION, THROUGH 2015 (MILLION TONS/$ BILLION)
9
- FIGURE 2 GLOBAL HYDROGEN CONSUMPTION TRENDS, 2009-2015 (MILLION TONS) 9
- RATIONALE FOR A HYDROGEN ECONOMY 10
- Economic 10
- Environmental 10
- Energy Security 11
- Economic Development 12
- Other Socio-Economic Impacts 12
- TECHNOLOGIES 12
- HYDROGEN PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES 12
- HYDROGEN STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES 13
- HYDROGEN DISTRIBUTION TECHNOLOGIES 14
- ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES 14
- DIRECT HYDROGEN COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGIES 15
- OTHER TECHNOLOGIES 15
- MARKET SUMMARY 15
- TABLE 2 BUILDING THE HYDROGEN ECONOMY: TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENTS, THROUGH
2015 ($ MILLION) 16
- FIGURE 3 BUILDING THE HYDROGEN ECONOMY: TECHNOLOGY SHARES, 2009-2015
(PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL INVESTMENTS) 16
- FIGURE 3 (CONTINUED) 17
Chapter-4: GOVERNMENT-SUPPORTED HYDROGEN INITIATIVES 22
- SUMMARY 40
- PRINCIPAL TECHNOLOGIES 40
- THERMAL PROCESSES 40
- TABLE 3 THERMAL PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCION OF HYDROGEN 40
- TABLE 3 (CONTINUED) 41
- Steam Reforming of Natural Gas 41
- Partial Oxidation 42
- Autothermal Reforming 43
- Coal Gasification 43
- FutureGen 44
- Carbon Black and Hydrogen Process 45
- Biomass Gasification 46
- Gasification with Oxygen 47
- HydroMax Process 47
- Startech Process 48
- Pyrolysis 48
- NREL/Eprida Process 48
- Reforming of Renewable Liquid Fuels 49
- ECD Ovonics 49
- HTC Purenergy 50
- Innovatek 50
- High Temperature Water Splitting 50
- Sulfur-Iodide Cycle 51
- ELECTROLYTIC PROCESSES 51
- TABLE 4 ELECTROLYTIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCION OF HYDROGEN 52
- Conventional Electrolysis 52
- High Temperature Electrolysis 52
- Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells 53
- Energy Sources 54
- Nuclear Reactors 54
- Solar Concentrators 54
- Technological Challenges 55
- Other Electrolytic Technologies for Hydrogen Production 55
- Hybrid Thermochemical/Electrolytic Processes 55
- Hybrid Sulfur Process 55
- SRI Process 56
- PHOTOLYTIC PROCESSES 56
- TABLE 5 PHOTOLYTIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN 56
- Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting 57
- Photobiological Water Splitting 58
- OTHER TYPES OF PROCESS 59
- "Dark" Fermentation 59
- PATENT ANALYSIS 60
- PATENTS BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE 60
- FIGURE 8 U.S. HYDROGEN PRODUCTION PATENTS ISSUED, BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY
1975-2009 (PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL HYDROGEN PATENTS ISSUED) 61
- FIGURE 8 (CONTINUED) 62
- PATENT TRENDS OVER TIME 62
- TABLE 6 U.S. HYDROGEN PRODUCTION PATENTS ISSUED PER YEAR, 2002-2009
(NUMBER OF PATENTS) 62
- TABLE 6 (CONTINUED) 63
- FIGURE 9 TRENDS IN U.S. HYDROGEN PRODUCTION PATENTS ISSUED ANNUALLY,
2002-2009 (NUMBER OF PATENTS) 63
- MAJOR IP PORTFOLIOS 64
- FIGURE 10 MAJOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION IP PORTFOLIOS ISSUED 1975-2009
(PERCENTAGE OF U.S. HYDROGEN PRODUCTION PATENTS) 64
- FIGURE 10 (CONTINUED) 65
- MARKETS 65
- TABLE 7 MARKET FOR EQUIPMENT USED TO GENERATE HYDROGEN FOR DIRECT ENERGY
APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLION) 66
- LARGE/CENTRALIZED HYDROGEN PLANTS 66
- Large/Centralized ... (Continued) 67
- TABLE 8 PROJECTED EXPENDITURES ON CONSTRUCTION OF LARGE/CENTRALIZED
HYDROGEN POWER PLANTS, THROUGH, 2009-2015 ($ MILLION) 68
- DECENTRALIZED HYDROGEN PRODUCTION 68
- External Fuel Cell Reformers 68
- TABLE 9 GLOBAL MARKET FOR FUEL CELL REFORMERS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLION) 69
- Hydrogen Stations 69
Chapter-5: HYDROGEN PRODUCTION 30
Chapter-6: HYDROGEN STORAGE 26
- SUMMARY 70
- PRINCIPAL TECHNOLOGIES 70
- TABLE 10 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY TARGETS FOR ON-BOARD HYDROGEN STORAGE
SYSTEMS 70
- TABLE 11 HYDROGEN STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES 71
- DIRECT STORAGE OF HYDROGEN 71
- Gaseous Storage 72
- Current Gaseous Hydrogen Storage Technology 72
- Geologic Bulk Storage Systems 72
- Liquid Storage 73
- BMW Dual Fuel Thermo-Tank 73
- Future Developments 74
- HYDROCARBONS 74
- Technologies 74
- Onboard Reforming of Hydrocarbons 74
- Approaches to Onboard Reforming 75
- External Reforming 75
- Internal Reforming 75
- Advantages and Disadvantages of On-Board Reforming 76
- Commercial Status of Onboard Reforming 76
- IdaTech 76
- Innovatek 77
- Direct Hydrocarbon Fuel Cells 77
- Types of Direct Hydrocarbon Fuel Cells 77
- Direct Methanol Fuel Cells 77
- Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells 78
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Direct Hydrocarbon Fuel Cells 79
- Commercial Status of Direct Hydrocarbon Fuel Cells 79
- AMMONIA STORAGE 79
- Ammonia-Borane Storage 80
- Ammonia-Sea Salt Storage 81
- METAL HYDRIDES 81
- General Principles 81
- Types of Metal Hydrides 82
- Advantages and Disadvantages for Hydrogen Storage 82
- Commercial Status 83
- ZEOLITES 83
- General Principles 83
- Types of Zeolites 84
- ZK-5 84
- CD-Exchanged Rho Zeolite 84
- Magnesium-Optimized Zeolites for Hydrogen Storage 84
- Other Zeolites 84
- OTHER NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS 85
- Carbon Nanotubes/Buckyballs 85
- Metal-Organic Frameworks 86
- OTHER STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES 87
- Phosphonium Borate 87
- Polymers 87
- Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity 88
- Conformal Polymeric Foams 88
- Ethylene 89
- Hollow Glass Microspheres 89
- PATENT ANALYSIS 89
- PATENTS BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE 89
- FIGURE 11 U.S. HYDROGEN STORAGE PATENTS BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY (PERCENTAGE
OF PATENTS ISSUED TO DECEMBER 2009) 90
- PATENT TRENDS OVER TIME 90
- TABLE 12 U.S. HYDROGEN STORAGE PATENTS ISSUED PER YEAR, 2002-2009 (NUMBER
OF PATENTS) 91
- FIGURE 12 TRENDS IN U.S. HYDROGEN STORAGE PATENTS ISSUED ANNUALLY, 2002
-2009 (NUMBER OF PATENTS) 91
- MAJOR IP PORTFOLIOS 92
- FIGURE 13 MAJOR HYDROGEN STORAGE IP PORTFOLIOS ISSUED, 1975-2006
(PERCENATGE OF U.S. HYDROGEN STORAGE PATENTS) 92
- FIGURE 13 (CONTINUED) 93
- MARKETS 93
- SUMMARY 93
- TABLE 13 MARKET FOR HYDROGEN STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES*, THROUGH 2015 ($
MILLION) 93
- PRESSURIZED STORAGE CYLINDERS 94
- TABLE 14 MARKET FOR PRESSURIZED CYLINDERS USED TO STORE HYDROGEN, THROUGH
2015 ($ MILLION) 94
- HYDROGEN FUEL TANKS 94
- TABLE 15 MARKET FOR HYDROGEN FUEL TANKS USED IN MOBILE APPLICATIONS,
THROUGH 2015* ($ MILLION) 95
Chapter-7: BULK HYDROGEN DISTRIBUTION 18
- SUMMARY 96
- PRINCIPAL TECHNOLOGIES 96
- TANK TRUCKS, RAILCARS, BARGES 96
- TUBE TRAILERS 97
- PIPELINES 97
- New Hydrogen Pipeline Materials 98
- Mixed Hydrogen/Natural Gas Pipelines 99
- Commingled Hydrogen and Natural Gas 100
- Alternating Hydrogen and Natural Gas 100
- Other Technical Issues 100
- Effect of Hydrogen Exposure on Pipeline Materials 101
- Hydrogen Permeation and Leaks 101
- Compression Technology 102
- Single Screw Hydrogen Compressor 102
- Hydride Based Hydrogen Compression 102
- Advanced Centrifugal Compressor 103
- Electrochemical Compressor 103
- Advanced Materials for Compressors 103
- Alternatives to Transmission of Gaseous Hydrogen 103
- HYDROGEN STATIONS 103
- Hydrogen Filling Stations 104
- Mobile Hydrogen Refuelers 105
- Hydrogen Home Stations 105
- PATENT ANALYSIS 106
- PATENTS BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY 106
- FIGURE 14 U.S. HYDROGEN TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION TECHNOLOGY PATENTS
ISSUED TO DECEMBER 2009, BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY (PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL PATENTS
ISSUED) 106
- PATENTS BY ASSIGNEE 107
- FIGURE 15 U.S. HYDROGEN TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION TECHNOLOGY PATENTS
ISSUED TO DECEMBER 2009, BY ASSIGNEE (PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL PATENTS ISSUED) 107
- MARKETS 108
- TABLE 16 GLOBAL MARKET FOR HYDROGEN TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION
TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLION) 108
- TRANSMISSION 108
- FIGURE 16 SOURCES OF HYDROGEN FUEL FOR EXISTING AND PLANNED HYDROGEN
FILLING STATIONS, 2009 (PERCENTAGE OF ALL EXISTING AND CURRENTLY PLANNED
HYDROGEN STATIONS) 109
- Liquid Hydrogen Tankers 109
- TABLE 17 LIQUID HYDROGEN TANKER TRUCK MARKET, THROUGH 2015 (UNITS/$
MILLION) 110
- Tube Trailers 110
- TABLE 18 COMPRESSED HYDROGEN TUBE TRAILER MARKET, THROUGH 2015 (UNITS/$
MILLION) 111
- Pipelines 111
- HYDROGEN STATIONS 111
- TABLE 19 HYDROGEN STATION MARKET, THROUGH 2015 (NUMBER OF STATIONS/$
MILLION) 112
- Hydrogen Filling Stations 112
- TABLE 20 GLOBAL INVESTMENTS IN NEW HYDROGEN FUELING STATIONS, THROUGH 2015
(UNITS/$ MILLION) 113
- Hydrogen Home Stations 113
- TABLE 21 PROJECTED GLOBAL PURCHASES OF HYDROGEN HOME STATIONS, THROUGH
2015 (UNITS/$ MILLION) 113
Chapter-8: ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION 13
- SUMMARY 114
- PRINCIPAL TECHNOLOGIES 114
- DESCRIPTION 114
- FIGURE 17 FUEL CELL PRINCIPLES 114
- MAIN TECHNOLOGIES 115
- TABLE 22 MAJOR FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES 115
- Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells 116
- Direct Methanol Fuel Cells 116
- Alkaline Fuel Cells 117
- Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells 118
- Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells 118
- Molten Carbonate ... (Continued) 119
- Solid Oxide Fuel Cells 120
- PATENT ANALYSIS 120
- PATENTS BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE 121
- FIGURE 18 U.S. FUEL CELL PATENTS BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY (PERCENTAGE OF
PATENTS ISSUED TO DECEMBER 2009) 121
- PATENT TRENDS OVER TIME 121
- TABLE 23 U.S. FUEL CELL PATENTS ISSUED PER YEAR, 2002-2009 (NUMBER OF
PATENTS) 122
- FIGURE 19 TRENDS IN U.S. FUEL CELL PATENTS ISSUED ANNUALLY, 2002-2009
(NUMBER OF PATENTS) 122
- MAJOR IP PORTFOLIOS 123
- FIGURE 20 MAJOR FUEL CELL IP PORTFOLIOS ISSUED TO 2009 (PERCENTAGE OF U.S.
HYDROGEN STORAGE PATENTS 123
- FIGURE 20 (CONTINUED) 124
- MARKETS 124
- TABLE 24 FUEL CELL SALES BY TYPE OF APPLICATION, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLION)
124
- FIGURE 21 GLOBAL FUEL CELL SALES, 2009-2015 ($ MILLION) 125
- FIGURE 22 FUEL CELL MARKET SHARES BY APPLICATION SEGMENT, 2009-2015
(PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL DOLLAR SALES) 126
Chapter-9: DIRECT COMBUSTION OF HYDROGEN 7
- SUMMARY 127
- TECHNOLOGIES 127
- INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES 127
- Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines 127
- BMW Dual-Fuel Technology 127
- Ford/Mazda Technology 128
- Hybrid Hydrogen-Electric Propulsion Systems 129
- Hydrogen Boosted Gasoline Engines 129
- TURBINES 130
- PATENTS 131
- MARKETS 131
- TABLE 25 MARKET FOR DIRECT HYDROGEN COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2015
($ MILLION) 132
- HYDROGEN INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES 132
- TABLE 26 MARKET FOR DIRECT HYDROGEN COMBUSTION ENGINES, THROUGH 2015
(UNITS/$ MILLION) 133
- HYDROGEN TURBINES 133
- TABLE 27 MARKET FOR LARGE HYDROGEN TURBINES USED TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY,
THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLION) 133
Chapter-10: OTHER HYDROGEN-RELATED TECHNOLOGIES 6
- HYDROGEN SENSORS 134
- TECHNOLOGIES 134
- MEMS Hydrogen Sensors 134
- Hydrogen Nanosensors 135
- Nanoscale Palladium Thin Film Sensors 136
- Carbon Nanotube-Based Hydrogen Sensors 136
- Titania Nanotube-Based Hydrogen Sensors 137
- Nanowire-Based Hydrogen Sensors 137
- PATENTS 137
- FIGURE 23 HOLDERS OF U.S. HYDROGEN SENSOR PATENTS (PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL
PATENTS ISSUED TO DECEMBER 2009) 138
- MARKETS 138
- TABLE 28 MARKET FOR HYDROGEN SENSORS, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLION) 139
Chapter-11: COMPANY PROFILES 26
- ACTA SPA 140
- ADVANCED MATERIALS CORP 140
- AIR PRODUCTS AND CHEMICALS, INC. 141
- ALCHEMIX CORP 141
- AMMINEX A/S 142
- ARVINMERITOR, INC 143
- AVALENCE LLC 143
- BALLARD POWER SYSTEMS 143
- BAYERISCHE MOTOREN WERKE AG 144
- CERAMATEC 144
- DIVERSIFIED ENERGY CORP 145
- DYNETEK INDUSTRIES LTD 145
- ECD OVONICS 146
- E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY 147
- ENGINEERED GAS SYSTEMS (EGS) 147
- EPRIDA, INC 148
- ERGENICS 148
- ETUDES CHEMIQUES ET PHYSIQUES SARL 149
- FOSTER WHEELER CORP. 149
- FUEL CELL ENERGY, INC. 149
- GENERAL ATOMICS 150
- H2GEN INNOVATIONS, INC 150
- H2SCAN 150
- HALDOR TOPSOE A/S 151
- HCE LLC 151
- HTC PURENERGY 152
- HY9 CORP. 153
- HYDROGENICS CORP. 153
- HYRADIX INC. 154
- IDATECH LLC 154
- INERGY AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEMS 155
- INNOVATEK, INC 155
- LINDE AG 156
- LURGI GMBH 156
- MAGNA STEYR AG & CO. KG 156
- MAKEL ENGINEERING, INC 157
- MATERIALS AND SYSTEMS RESEARCH, INC 158
- MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH, INC 158
- MO SCI CORP. 159
- NANOMIX, INC 159
- PLUG POWER, LLC 159
- POLYFUEL 160
- PROTON ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC. 160
- QUANTUM FUEL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGIES WORLDWIDE, INC. 161
- QUESTAIR TECHNOLOGIES 161
- RELION INC. 161
- SECAT, INC. 162
- SOLAR SYSTEMS PTY.LTD. 162
- SOTACARBO S.P.A 163
- STARTECH ENVIRONMENTAL CORP. 163
- TECHNIP SA 164
- UHDE GMBH 164
- WELDSHIP CORP 164
- ZTEK COR 165
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