Abstract
The steel industry is critical to the U.S. economy. Steel is the material of
choice for many elements of construction, transportation, manufacturing, and a
variety of consumer products. Traditionally valued for its strength, steel has
also become the most recycled material, with two-thirds of U.S. steel now
produced from scrap.
The U.S. steel industry is a more than $50 billion enterprise, and additional
downstream processing pushes the value closer to $75 billion. The industry
accounts for nearly 10% of the global raw steel market, providing over 107
million net tons in 2003. Large quantities of low-cost imports have challenged
the industry in recent years, but restructuring, downsizing, and widespread
implementation of new technologies have led to vastly improved labor
productivity, energy efficiency, and yield.
As a result of industry consolidation, the number of steelmaking facilities
has decreased significantly over the last few decades. As of 2005, around 85
companies were producing raw steel at almost 140 locations. The absolute
number of integrated mills producing steel in basic oxygen furnaces has always
been relatively small and is currently at around 20. The highest geographic
concentration of mills is in the Great Lakes region, including Indiana,
Illinois, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Michigan, and New York. Approximately 80% of US
steelmaking capacity is in these states. The industry employs more than
100,000 people nationwide.
In the United States, two methods are used to produce steel: the ore based, or
integrated process, and the scrap based, or electric arc furnace process. Two
different approaches are used to prepare semifinished billet: the integrated
process, which uses a blast furnace, and the minimill, which uses a direct
electric arc furnace. Once steel is in the semifinished state, further
processing is required in both the minimill and the integrated steel-making
process.
The manufacturing process of steel uses a complex series of capital-intensive
unit processes to produce value-added, high-quality steel. Annual production
of an integrated steel mill is three to five million metric tons. The
integrated mill represents several billion dollars of capital investment,
which has typically been funded over several generations. Only 21 integrated
steel mills remain in operation and are located in the Great Lakes region near
sources of iron ore, coal, and water.
Aruvian Research focuses on this highly lucrative industry, bringing you -
Analyzing the US Steel & Steel Mill Products Market. The report is a complete
guide to all the recent developments going on in the industry, along with an
in-depth analysis on market statistics, market structure, competition in the
industry, where the US Steel Industry stands on a global scenario, and much
more.
Sections focusing on the value chain analysis of the industry, the steel
crisis of 1998, a comparison of US, Japanese and South Korean steel companies,
and the importance of the US steel industry to US national defense, adds a
different perspective to Aruvian' s report as compared to the many others
available today. Where the US Steel Mill Products Market stands on a global
scenario is an added feature in this report.
Table of Contents
A. Executive Summary
B. Industry Definition
C. Globalization in the Steel Industry
- C.1 Introduction
- C.2 Analyzing Global Demand for Steel
- C.3 Consolidation in the Global Steel Industry
- C.4 Drivers in the Steel Industry
- C.4.1 Raw Materials
- C.4.2 Products
- C.4.3 Prices
- C.4.4 Operating Costs
- C.4.5 Employment
- C.4.6 Supply and Demand Balance
- C.5 Global Steel Companies - Strategies for the Future
D. Looking at the US Steel Industry
- D.1 Historical Background of the Industry
- D.2 Industry Structure
- D.3 Industry Profile
- D.4 Market Value and Volume
- D.5 Industry Segmentation
- D.6 Competition in the Industry
- D.7 The US Steel Industry in the World Market
- D.8 The Economics of the Steel Industry
- D.9 Steel Production Process Overview
- D.9.1 Integrated Steel-Making Process
- D.9.2 Electric Arc Furnace Steel-Making Process
- D.9.3 Ladle Refining Process
- D.9.4 Steel Casting
- D.9.5 Forming & Finishing
- D.10 Energy Consumption of the US Steel Industry
E. The Steel Crisis of 1998
F. Industry Growth Drivers
- F.1 Economic Atmosphere
- F.2 Infrastructure Developments
- F.3 Raw Materials
- F.4 Management & Labor
- F.5 Improved Productivity of the Workforce
- F.6 Social Costs
- F.7 Research & Development
- F.8 Education & Training
G. Value Chain Analysis for the US Steel Industry: A Diagrammatic Representation
H. Regulatory Framework Affecting the US Steel Industry
- H.1 1970 Occupational Safety and Health Act
- H.2 1970 Clean Air Act
- H.3 1972 Clean Water Act
- H.4 1975 Energy Policy and Conservation Act:
- H.5 1980 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability
Act (CERCLA or Superfund)
- H.6 1982 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
- H.7 1986 Superfund Amendments and Re-authorization Act (SARA)
- H.8 1990 Clean Air Act
- H.9 1994 Rio Protocol
- H.10 Recycling Laws
I. Comparing US, Japanese, & South Korean Steel Companies
J. US Steel Industry & Impact on Other Industries
- J.1 Automotive Industry
- J.2 Construction Industry
- J.3 Appliances Industry
- J.4 Containers
- J.5 Oil & Gas Industry
K. Factors Influencing the Competitiveness of the US Steel Industry
- K.1 Technology
- K.2 Capital-Economic Performance
- K.3 Environmental Concerns & Regulations
- K.4 Scrap Availability, Price, & Substitutes
- K.5 Foreign Competition
L. Importance of the Steel Industry to US National Defense
M. Industry Profile of US Steel Mill Products
- M.1 Market Statistics
- M.2 Product Distribution in the Industry
- M.2.1 Alloy Steel
- M.2.2 Carbon Steel
- M.2.3 Stainless Steel
- M.3 Industry Subdivisions
- M.3.1 Automotive Market
- M.3.2 Construction Market
- M.3.3 Service Center & Distributor Market
- M.3.4 Others
- M.4 Industry Structure
- M.5 Import/Export Scenario of US Steel Mill Products
N. The Environmental Implications of Steel Production
O. Understanding the Market Atmosphere of US Steel Mills Sector
P. Leading Industry Contributors
- P.1 Mittal Steel Company N.V.
- P.2 Nucor Corporation
- P.3 United States Steel Corporation
Q. US Steel Mill Products Market: Future Perspective
- Q.1 Product Forecast
- Q.1.1 Alloy Steel
- Q.1.2 Carbon Steel
- Q.1.3 Stainless Steel
- Q.2 Market Segment Forecast
- Q.2.1 Automotive Market
- Q.2.2 Construction Market
- Q.2.3 Service Center & Distributor Market
R. US Steel Industry: Future Perspective
- R.1 Market Value Outlook
- R.2 Market Volume Outlook
S. Appendix
T. Glossary of Terms
