Abstract
The Sun, believed by the mankind to be just a mere centerpiece of the solar
system in which we live is in reality not just a unit but an entire symphonic
system which was in place much before the first humans ever walked on planet
earth. This system which has been the primary energy source for origin of life
on earth is in fact very well adequately positioned by nature to fulfill the
needs of energy for humans for many more centuries to come.
An effort by humans to harness this abundant source of energy available around
us has manifested in the form solar energy being converted to many
applications as diverse as heat channelizing, electricity conversion, electro
mechanical applications and many more as these. The dream of solar energy for
human applications was realized in the early part of this century by the
invention of solar cells which when arranged in photovoltaic arrays deliver
power for bigger applications.
The next leap of invention in this direction is “Thin Film Solar
Cells”. Aruvians Rsearch's report Thin Film Solar Cells earmarks the
immense potential that this technology holds for the future of mankind and the
crucial impact it will have on the process of introduction of solar energy
into large scale arenas of the industrialized economies.
Aruvians Rsearch's report on Thin Film Solar Cells initiates with a strong
theoretical understanding of the Solar Cell system and their subsequent
propagation into photovoltaic systems including their applications derived
from generational leaps as first to third generation cells. The report
presents the entire gamut of PV cells in a structured family tree for easy
interpretation and also delves into the applications of PV Technology in
isolated environment.
Aruvians Rsearch's report also devotes an entire in depth section to the
technical aspects of Thin Film Solar Cells systems including their history as
well as mechanism, general operation principles and the new innovations in
architecture design of Thin Film Solar Cells which have opened up new markets
for solar power systems. These are further explained in the efficient design
choices of various configurations and new ideas contributed in this field.
The research report looks at the role of P3HT which is crucial to the
development of Thin Film Solar Cells and also at the various properties of
silicon that are responsible for making silicon an excellent material in
photovoltaics. An analysis of thin film crystalline silicon solar cells,
CIGS/CIS-based thin film solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, and the
latest technological innovation of nanotechnology-enhanced thin film solar
cells, is what sets this research report apart from all others.
The report has separate analysis on the various manufacturers in this market
based on their specialty. Overall, Aruvians Rsearch's report Thin Film Solar
Cells is a very comprehensive tool for understanding this technology in a in
depth manner and deliver thought provoking views on the marvels of this field
which is nature's helping hand lent to mankind in order to preserve a way of
life which is sustainable as well as in sync with our environment.
Table of Contents
A. Executive Summary
B. Introduction to Photovoltaics
- B.1. Overview
- B.2. Historical Background of Solar Cells
- B.3. Looking at Solar Electricity
- B.4. Photovoltaic Systems
- B.5. Looking at the Balance of System (BOS)
- B.6. Analyzing the 3 Generations of Photovoltaic Cells
- B.6.1. First Generation PV Cells
- B.6.2. Second Generation PV Cells
- B.6.3. Third Generation PV Cells
- B.7. What are Concentrator Cells?
- B.8. Analyzing Concentrated Photovoltaics
- B.9. Applications of Solar Cells
- B.10. Types of Solar Cells
- B.11. PV Technology in Isolated Generation
- B.12. Looking at Thin Film Solar Cells
- B.13. PV Family Tree - A Diagrammatic Representation
C. Global Market Overview of Solar PV Cells
- C.1. Market Profile
- C.2. Market Size
- C.3. Growth Patterns of the Market
- C.4. Market Statistics - Production Side
- C.5. Commercialization Potential & Market Development
- C.6. Future of the Market
D. Point of Discussion: Why are Solar Cells Based on Semiconductors?
E. Looking at the Properties of Silicon
- E.1. Why Silicon is the Basis for Photovoltaics?
- E.2. Looking at Crystalline Silicon
- E.3. Looking at Amorphous Silicon
F. Role of Organic Semiconductors
G. What are Thin Film Solar Cells?
- G.1. Overview
- G.2. Categories of Thin Film Solar Cells
- G.2.1. Amorphous Silicon
- G.2.2. Cadmium Telluride
- G.2.3. Copper Indium Gallium Selenide
- G.2.4. Dye-sensitized Solar Cell
- G.2.5. Organic Solar Cell
- G.2.6. Thin-film Silicon
- G.3. Structure of the Thin Film Solar Cell
- G.4. Efficiency and Cost of Thin Film Solar Cells
- G.5. Production of Thin Film Solar Cells
- G.6. Looking at Characterization Techniques and Electrical Qualities of
Thin Film Solar Cells
H. Role of P3HT
- H.1. Overview
- H.2. Electrical Properties and Organization of Thin Film Solar Cells
- H.3. Optical Properties and HOMO, LUMO Levels in P3HT
- H.4. Role of Silicon & P3HT Heterojunction in Photovoltaics
- H.4.1. Junctions with Semiconductors
- H.4.1.1. MIS Junction
- H.4.1.2. Ohmic Contact
- H.4.1.3. p-i-n Junction
- H.4.1.4. p-n Junction
- H.4.1.5. Schottky Contact
- H.4.1.6. Semiconductor Heterojunctions
- H.4.2. Band Diagrams Based on Silicon and P3HT
I. Analysis of Thin Film Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells
- I.1. Overview
- I.2. Looking at Thin Film Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cells
- I.2.1. Formation of Microcrystalline Silicon Thin Film Solar Cells and
Role of Low Temperature
- I.2.2. Carrier Transport Process in Microcrystalline Silicon Thin Film
Solar Cells
- I.2.3. Fabrication Rate for Microcrystalline Silicon Thin Film Solar
Cells
- I.2.4. Light Trapping Quality of Microcrystalline Silicon Thin Film
Solar Cells
- I.3. Microcrystalline Silicon Thin Film Solar Cells' Applications in
Hybrid Solar Cells
- I.3.1. Looking at Silicon Hybrid Solar Cells
- I.3.2. Developing Techniques for Microcrystalline Silicon Deposits on
Large Area Substrates
- I.4. Brief Look at Thin Film Silicon Triple Junction Solar Cells
- I.5. Summing Up
J. Analysis of CIGS/CIS-based Thin Film Solar Cells
- J.1. Overview of CIGS Photovoltaic Cells
- J.2. Structure of a CIGS Thin Film Solar Cell
- J.3. Material Characteristics of CIGS Solar Cells
- J.4. A Look at the Phase Diagram
- J.5. Defects and Impurities in CIGS Solar Cells
- J.6. Techniques for Manufacturing Thin Film Solar Cells
- J.6.2. Sequential Technique
- J.7. CIGS Fabrication Technologies
- J.7.1. Cell Processing
- J.7.2. Module Processing
- J.8. Summing Up
K. Analysis of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
- K.1. Overview
- K.2. Comparing Semiconductor Solar Cells vs. Dye Sensitized Solar Cells
- K.3. Fabrication Process
- K.4. How the Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Operates
- K.5. Efficiency of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells
- K.6. Degradation in UV Radiation
- K.7. Pros and Cons
L. Nanotechnology-enhanced Thin Film Solar Cells
M. Case Study: Potential of Thin Film Solar Cells Growth on the Moon
N. Manufacturers of Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Solar Cells
- N.1. Antec Solar Energy AG
- N.2. Arendi SRL
- N.3. AVA Solar
- N.4. Calyxo GMBH
- N.5. Canrom Photovoltaics
- N.6. First Solar
- N.7. PrimeStar Solar
O. Manufacturers of Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS/CIS) Solar Cells
- O.1. Ascent Solar
- O.2. AVANCIS
- O.3. DayStar
- O.4. Global Solar Energy
- O.5. HelioVolt
- O.6. Honda Soltec
- O.7. ISET
- O.8. Johanna Solar
- O.9. Miasole
- O.10. Nanosolar
- O.11. Odersun
- O.12. Q-Cells-Solibro
- O.13. Showa Shell Solar
- O.14. Solyndra
- O.15. SoloPower
- O.16. Sulfurcell
- O.17. Veeco Instruments Inc
- O.18. Wurth Solar
P. Manufacturers of Thin Film Amorphous Silicon (a-Si) Solar Cells
- P.1. Bangkok Solar
- P.2. China Solar Power
- P.3. CSG Solar
- P.4. EPV Solar
- P.5. Ersol Thin Film
- P.6. Fuji Electric Systems
- P.7. Green Energy Technology
- P.8. HELIODOMI
- P.9. HelioGrid
- P.10. Inventux Technologies AG
- P.11. Jinneng Solar
- P.12. Kaneka Solartech
- P.13. Kenmos PV
- P.14. Lambda Energia
- P.15. Malibu GmbH
- P.16. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
- P.17. Moser Baer Photo Voltaic
- P.18. Nexpower
- P.19. Polar PV
- P.20. Pramac SpA
- P.21. QS Solar
- P.22. Sanyo Amorton
- P.23. Schott Solar Thin Film
- P.24. Sharp Thin Film
- P.25. Signet Solar
- P.26. Sinonar
- P.27. Solar Plus
- P.28. SolarMorph
- P.29. Soltechpv
- P.30. Sunfilm AG
- P.31. Sunner Solar
- P.32. Suntech
- P.33. Topray Solar
- P.34. Trony
- P.35. T-Solar Global
- P.36. United Solar Ovonic
- P.37. Xinao Group
- P.38. XsunX
Q. Manufacturers of Raw Materials & Equipment Suppliers
- Q.1. Manufacturers of Transparent Conducting Oxide (TCO) Glass
- Q.1.1. AFG
- Q.1.2. Asahi
- Q.1.3. CTDC
- Q.1.4. NSG
- Q.1.5. XinYiGlass
- Q.2. Manufacturers Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA)
- Q.2.1. Bridgestone
- Q.2.2. Dupont
- Q.2.3. Etimex
- Q.2.4. Mitsui Chemicals
- Q.2.5. SEKISUI
- Q.2.6. Solarcn
- Q.2.7. STR
- Q.2.8. Tecnofimes
R. Appendix
S. Glossary of Terms
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