本報告已在2011年08月19日停止出版。
更改為出版
Advanced Automotive Energy Storage and Delivery Report - 2011 Edition
出版日期 : 2011年08月
商品編碼: 208880
造成少量環境負荷的汽車必須有先進的能源儲存系統，其中包括改良SLI（發動、點燈、點火）用電池的小型油電混合車用的電池、電動汽車及油電混合出用的高輸出功率電池、超級電容器、油壓油電混合系統及飛輪系統等。
本報告書內容包括：與傳統汽車技術的比較、油電混合車及電動汽車用先進能源儲存系統(ESS)技術及市場介紹、市場的最新動向及未來趨勢、各種技術的得失、有效用途等分析、主要製造商介紹等。內容綱要摘記如下：
序文
名詞集
介紹
調查方法及範圍
實施概要
主要論點相關討論
- 市場成長的促進因素
- CO2排放量的短期目標及長期目標
各種能源儲存技術評價
- 性能面要件
- 能源及電力密度
- 驅動時間
- 成本
- 安全性
- 充電/放電效率
- 充電時間
- 熱運轉特性
- 持久性及可信度
- 包裝
- 回收及環保問題
- 自我放電
- 重量
- 電池
- 先進的鉛酸電池（VRLA、AGM）
- 其他先進的鉛酸電池
- 鎳氫(NiMH)電池
- 先進的電池：鋰
- 鋰類化學物質
- 鋰・鎳・鈷・鋁複合氧化物(NCA)
- 鈷酸鋰(LCO)
- 磷酸鐵鋰(LFP)
- 鋰鎂磷酸鐵（LFMP)
- 鋰錳尖晶石（LMO/LMS）
- 鋰鎳鈷錳氧化物（NCM)
- 鋰硫化鐵（LFS）
- 鋰化合物(Li-Po)
- 鋰鎳(LiNiO2)
- 氧化鈦鋰（LTO)
- 鋰金屬化合物(LMP)
- 鋰磷酸釩(LVP)
- 鋰硫黄
- 鋰錳鈦（MNS)
- 其他化學物質
- 先進電池產品的主要供給業者
- A123
- AESC
- Bollore-Batscap
- BYD
- Evonik
- 日立EV
- Johnson Controls-Saft
- LG Chem
- GS YUASA
- 松下電器EV能源(PEVE)
- 三洋
- SB Limotive
- Valence
- 超級電容器
- 超級電容器的主要供給業者
- 飛輪能源儲存系統
- 油壓能源儲存系統
- ESS的性能達成目標
市場成長的促進因素
市場發展的問題點
- 各汽車製造商的立場
- 系統供給業者的立場
- 成本及效益的關係
- 稅金等促進普及政策
- 充電
- 充電基礎環境建設成本
- 其他要件
- 市場預測
- 策略性問題
供應業者介紹
圖表
Abstract
Report Overview
This report examines the technology and market for advanced energy storage
systems (ESS) in automotive applications. So called ‘green' vehicle
technologies will all require advanced energy storage systems, ranging from
improved SLI (starting, lighting, and ignition) batteries for micro hybrids
with stop-start and regenerative braking, to larger traction batteries for
electric vehicles and hybrids, as well as ultra-capacitors, hydraulic hybrids
or flywheel systems. The report concentrates on the advanced energy storage
for hybrid and electric vehicles and their variants, comparing the
requirements for the alternative drivelines to the power requirements of
conventional vehicles.
Rapid growth in the market for these technologies will quickly see them become
one of the highest value sectors of the automotive industry supply chain.
For many applications the technology is disruptive, and will drive new
technology investments, attract new companies into the supply chain and force
vehicle manufacturers and their suppliers to collaborate or make acquisitions
to stay competitive in the future.
The report examines recent developments in the market and future trends,
analysing the advantages and disadvantages of each technology and considering
which applications will benefit most from their adoption. It also suggests
potential penetration and growth rates in unit and value terms. Importantly
the report also reviews the near term applications that will enter the market
and what developments will be need to be achieved in the longer term to ensure
success.
Many current applications of advanced energy storage technologies are high
cost and produced in too low volumes to enter the mass market. The industry
is therefore facing a dilemma over which technology should be the target of
its limited resources whilst it strives to ensure its targets for CO2
reduction is achieved.
Table of Contents
Foreword
Glossary
Introduction
Methodology and scope
- Forecast Horizon
- Advanced energy storage - definition
Executive Summary
Discussion of Key Issues
- Market Drivers
- Short term and long term CO2 goals
Evolution of Energy Storage Technologies
Energy Storage Performance Requirements
- Energy and Power Density
- Cycle life
- Technology Costs
- Safety
- Charge-discharge efficiency
- Charge Time
- Thermal Operating Characteristics
- Durability and Reliability
- Packaging
- Recycling and Evironmental Issues
- Self-Discharge
- Weight
Batteries
Advanced lead acid (VRLA or AGM)
Other Advanced Lead Acid Batteries
Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH)
Advanced batteries - Lithium
- Cathodes
- Anodes
- Separators
- Electrolyte
- Cell Packaging
- Safety Circuits
- Packaging
Lithium Chemistries
- Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminium - Li(NiCoAl)O2 - NCA
- Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LCO) - LiCoO2
- Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) - LiFePO4
- Lithium Magnesium Iron Phosphate (LFMP)
- Lithium Manganese Spinel (LMO/LMS)- LiMn2O4
- Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese (NCM)- Li(NiCoMn)O2
- Lithium Iron Sulphide (LFS) - LiFeS
- Lithium Polymer (Li-Po)
- Lithium Nickel LiNiO2
- Lithium Titanate Oxide (LTO) - Li4Ti5O12
- Lithium Metal Polymer (LMP)
- Lithium Vanadium Phosphate (LVP) - Li3V2(PO4)3
- Lithium Sulphur
- Lithium Manganese Titanium (MNS)
Other battery chemistries
- Zinc-Nickel
- Nickel Sodium
- Others
- Zinc-Air
- Lithium-Air (Li-Air)
Major Advanced Battery Suppliers
- A123
- AESC
- Bollore-Batscap
- BYD
- Evonik
- Hitachi EV
- Johnson Controls-Saft
- LG Chem
- GS Yuasa
- Panasonic EV Energy (PEVE)
- Sanyo
- SB Limotive
- Valence
- Others
Ultra-Capacitors
Major Ultra-Capacitor Suppliers
Flywheel energy storage
Hydraulic energy storage
Targets for ESS performancev
Market Drivers
Future vehicle power requirements
- Conventional Vehicles
- Micro Hybrids
- Mild Hybrids
- Full hybrids
- Plug-in Range Hybrids
- Extended Range Electric Vehicles (EREV)
- Electric Vehicles (EV)
Energy Management Strategies
Market Development Issues
The OEMs position
- BMW
- Chrysler
- Daimler
- FHI
- Fiat
- Ford
- General Motors
- Honda
- Hyundai
- Mitsubishi
- PSA Peugeot Citroen
- Renault-Nissan
- Toyota
- Volkswagen Group
- Other manufacturers
The System Suppliers position
The Cost - Benefit Relationship
Range
Taxes and incentives
Charging
Charging Infrastructure Costs
Other System Requirements
Market Forecast
- Vehicle Segmentation and Market Demand Patterns on Adoption Rates for
Advanced Power Storages
Strategic Issues
- Risks Sharing
- Investment Requirements and R&D Costs
- Supply Limitations
- Standardisation
- Intellectual Property Rights
- Warranty
- Material Cost Fluctuation
- Disruptive Technology
- Supply Chain Development
- Risk and Liability
- Safety
- The Value Chain
- Rationalisation and Consolidation
Appendix 1 - Current availabilty of HEV, BEV systems in Europe, North
America, Japan and Korea 2009
Appendix 2 - Technology Road map
Supplier Profiles
- A123
- Advanced Battery Technologies
- Altair Nanotechnologies
- Asahi Kasei
- Axion Power
- Bollore
- BYD
- Cobasys
- Continental
- EEStor
- Electrovaya
- Enax
- Ener1
- Energy Conversion Devices
- Evonik
- Exide Technologies
- Fiamm
- GS Yuasa
- Hitachi
- JEOL
- Johnson Controls
- LG Chem
- Lithium Technology Corporation
- LS Corporation
- Maxwell Technologies
- MOLL
- NEC-Tokin
- NessCap
- Nichicon
- Nippon Chemi-Con
- Panasonic
- Saft
- Sanyo
- SK Energy
- TDK
- Valence
List of figures
- Figure 1. Major industry drivers and stakeholders
- Figure 2. Global Short Term CO2 and Fuel Economy targets
- Figure 5. Tank/Well to wheels analysis (TTW/WTW)
- Figure 3. Well to Wheels CO2 on the Japanese 10-15 mode cycle (Total CO2
per km driving)
- Figure 4. Energy requirement kWh per km for various test cycles
- Figure 7. Overall efficiency of conventional powertrain vs electric
- Figure 6. Fuel specific and gravimetric energy density
- Figure 8. Adoption of Alternative Technologies to meet EU CO2 targets
2015/2020
- Figure 9. Simple comparison of ESS
- Figure 10. Summary of Alternative ESS (1 - Very Poor 10 Very Good)
- Figure 11. Ragone chart
- Figure 12. Detailed Ragone chart
- Figure 13. Trends in Energy Density of Batteries (Wh/kg) (Based on raw
material specific energy density)
- Figure 14. Number of cycles needed by application
- Figure 15. Cycles by chemistry (Deep Discharge)
- Figure 16. Forecast energy density and estimated costs per kWh for lithium
ion
- Figure 17. Battery Cell Cost (Lithium-Ion)
- Figure 18. Battery Cell Cost Reduction (Lithium Ion)
- Figure 19. Potential Evolution of Battery Costs per kWh
- Figure 20. Charge-discharge energy efficiency % of rechargeable batteries
- Figure 21. Potential Charge and Discharge Rates
- Figure 22. ESS Operating Temperatures
- Figure 23. Toyota Prius III Battery Packaging (NiMH HEV)
- Figure 24. GM Volt Battery Pack (Lithium Ion EREV)
- Figure 25. Nissan Leaf Battery Pack (Lithium Ion - EV)
- Figure 26. Comparison of Alternative ESS Self Discharge Rates
- Figure 27. Battery Weight for current applications
- Figure 28. VRLA battery components
- Figure 29. Lithium Ion Battery Construction Cylindrical/Spiral Design
- Figure 30. Lithium Ion Battery Construction Prismatic Design
- Figure 31. Major Battery Suppliers OEM Relationships
- Figure 32. Major Battery Suppliers Chemistries
- Figure 33. A123 Cell Performance Improvement
- Figure 34. Batscap LMP Battery Characteristics
- Figure 36. Johnson Controls Saft Battery Specifications
- Figure 37. PEVE Hybrid Vehicle NiMH modules
- Figure 38. PEVE Hybrid Vehicle NiMH modules
- Figure 39. Ultra-capacitor components
- Figure 40. Ultracapacitor applications requirements
- Figure 41. Typical Ultracapacitor configurations
- Figure 42. Eaton Heavy Duty Hydraulic Launch Assist
- Figure 43. METI & NEDO Battery R&D Targets
- Figure 44. EUCAR Battery Targets
- Figure 45. USABC Goals for Advanced Batteries for PHEVs
- Figure 46. USABC Goals for Advanced Batteries for HEVs
- Figure 47. Examples of vehicles with stop-start
- Figure 48. Functions of Various Drivelines
- Figure 49. Energy Storage for Current and Near Future Hybrids and EVs
- Figure 50. Energy Storage for Current and Near Future Hybrids and EVs
- Figure 50. Energy Management Strategies by vehicle type
- Figure 51. Energy Management for Driveline Types
- Figure 52. Current and Future Micro Hybrids, HEV, PHEV, BEV 2008-2010/11
- Figure 53. OEM ESS relationships and programmes
- Figure 54. Miev Cell Specifications
- Figure 55. Supplier Battery Relationships
- Figure 56. Cost vs savings 2010 Europe (Based on 5 Years (€)
- Figure 57. Cost vs savings 2010 US (Based on 5 Years (€)
- Figure 58. Cost-benefit estimates EU 2025 Over 5 Years (€)
- Figure 59. Distances travelled by region
- Figure 60. European CO2 penalties
- Figure 61. Incentives for Hybrids and EV purchase 2009
- Figure 62. Impact of Incentives on Economics
- Figure 63. Charging time vs power (Nissan)
- Figure 64. Market penetration scenarios 2015
- Figure 65. Market penetration scenarios 2025
- Figure 66. Energy Storage System Market Forecast
- Figure 69. Battery Alliances
- Figure 71. Selected Battery investments
- Figure 70. Government Funding and Support Programmes
- Figure 67. Risks for OEMs
- Figure 68. Value chain
- Figure 72. Availability in Europe, North America, Japan and Korea
- Figure 73. Power Storage Technology Roadmap
