Abstract
Introduction
Hydropower is the largest renewable source of electricity. It accounts for
2.2% of primary energy supply and 16% of electrical generation. Although there
are hydro electric projects under construction in about 80 countries most of
the remaining hydro potential is found in developing countries particularly in
South and Central Asia, Latin America and Africa. This report is a
comprehensive study and analysis of the global hydro power market.
Report Scope
The report contains a wealth of the latest available statistics of hydro power
and hydro power plants. The report discusses environmental objections to
hydropower and the different impacts on the futures for LHP and SHP. The
effects on population, wild life, eco systems, water diversion, landscape, and
the potentially critical new problem of methane, which is being researched and
could condemn LHP as more environmentally damaging than fossil fuels.
Outline of the report
- Contribution of hydro power to the energy mix
- History of hydropower
- Development of Hydro power and the different patterns for LHP and SHP
- Technical background
- Base load & peaking with hydropower
- Environmental benefits and concerns
- Regional & country hydropower profiles of Europe, CIS, North America,
Latin America & Carribean, Asia, Asia Pacific, Africa, Middle East
- The different size technologies of hydro power - large, small, mini, micro
and pica
Large Hydro and Small Hydro -SHP
This edition of the report contains expanded coverage of the SHP segment,
which is attracting increasing interest as an economical and environmentally
benign source of power for small communities and businesses
- Covers both large hydropower (LHP) and small hydropower (SHP), mini and
micro, and explains the differences between them. It is not simply a question
of size but different technologies
- Outlines the size of the hydropower industry, separately for large and
small
- Regional break and analysis of hydropower' s distribution country by country
- Analyses future demand for hydropower, both LHP and SHP
- Profiles hydropower in each country
- Lists of hydro plants in each country, totalling over 2,400
Special features
- Development of SHP in Europe
- The Big Dam Period in the USA
- The SHP sector and its development in China, which accounts for 39% of the
world' s new SHP construction
- Provides summary of the different hydro technologies- construction of
dams, turbines
- Analysis of plant utilisation country by country, and discussion of base
load and peaking
- Compares the benefits and disadvantages of hydro versus other generation
technologies
Table of Contents
1.0 Executive Summary
- Overview
- Overview
- Size of the hydro power industry
- Hydro Plant Size Groups
- Future demand for LHP and SHP
- Base Load, Intermediate Load or Peak Load
- Development of Hydropower
- Technology
- Benefits and Disadvantages of Different Generating Technologies
2.0 Contribution of hydropower to the energy mix
- Overview
- 2.1 The contribution of hydropower to primary energy supply
- 2.2 The importance of hydropower to electricity generation
- 2.3 Hydroelectric resources
- 2.4 Hydro electricity generating capacity
- 2.5 Large hydropower (LHP)
- 2.6 Small hydropower (SHP)
3.0 History of hydropower
- Overview
- 3.1 The Big Dam period in the USA
- Overview
- US dams
- Small Hydropower (SHP)
- Development of SHP in Europe
- Development of SHP in China
- 3.2 Technical background / Types of hydropower
- Impoundment hydropower
- Run-of-river projects
- Micro hydropower projects
- Diversion hydropower
- Pumped storage
- Head
- Life expectancy
- Small Hydro Plants (SHP)
- Turbine technologies for small-, mid- and large-scale hydro plants
- Pelton impulse turbine
- Francis reaction turbine
- Bulb turbine
- Propeller or Kaplan reaction turbine
4.0 Base, Intermediate and Peak Load with Hydropower
- Contents
- 4.1 Variations of demand
- 4.2 Security of supply
5.0 Environmental concerns
- Overview
- 5.1 World Bank review
- 5.2 Environmental impacts of dams and hydro plants
- 5.3 Greenhouse gases and methane
- 5.4 Examples of environmental degradation
- 5.5 Small hydropower (SHP)
6.0 Regional and country hydropower profiles Europe
- Contents
- 6.1 Regional hydropower overview Europe
- Overview
- Small hydro plants installed in Europe
- SHP electricity prices
- SHP investment costs
- Hydropower potential
- European market prospects
- 6.2 Country hydropower profiles Europe
- 6.2.1 Albania
- Overview
- Hydropower plants in Albania
- 6.2.2 Austria
- Overview
- Small hydropower capacity in Austria
- Hydropower plants in Austria
- 6.2.3 Belgium
- Overview
- Small hydro power capacity in Belgium
- 6.2.4 Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Overview
- Hydropower plants in Bosnia and Herzegovina
- 6.2.5 Bulgaria
- Overview
- Small hydropower capacity in Bulgaria
- Hydropower plants in Bulgaria
- 6.2.6 Croatia
- Overview
- Hydropower plants in Croatia
- 6.2.7 Czech Republic
- Overview
- Small hydropower capacity in Czech Republic
- Hydropower plants in Czech Republic
- 6.2.8 Denmark
- Overview
- Small hydropower capacity in Denmark
- 6.2.9 Finland
- Overview
- Small hydropower capacity in Finland
- Hydropower plants in Finland
- 6.2.10 France
- Overview
- Small hydropower capacity in France
- Hydropower plants in France
- 6.2.11 Germany
- Overview
- Small hydropower capacity in Germany
- Hydropower plants in Germany
- 6.2.12 Greece
- Overview
- Hydropower plants in Greece
- 6.2.13 Hungary
- Overview
- Small hydro power capacity in Hungary
- Hydropower plants in Hungary
- 6.2.14 Iceland
- Overview
- Hydropower plants in Iceland
- 6.2.15 Ireland
- Overview
- Small hydro power capacity in Ireland
- Hydropower plants in Ireland
- 6.2.16 Italy
- Overview
- Small hydropower capacity in Italy
- Hydropower plants in Italy
- 6.2.17 Latvia
- Overview
- Small hydro power capacity in Latvia
- Hydropower plants in Latvia
- 6.2.18 Lithuania
- Overview
- Small hydropower capacity in Lithuania
- Hydropower plants in Lithuania
- 6.2.19 Luxembourg
- Overview
- Small hydro power capacity in Luxembourg
- Hydropower plants in Luxembourg
- 6.2.20 Macedonia
- Overview
- Hydropower plants in Macedonia
- 6.2.21 Netherlands
- Overview
- Small hydropower capacity in Netherlands
- 6.2.22 Norway
- Overview
- Small hydropower (SHP) capacity in Norway
- 6.2.23 Poland
- Overview
- Small hydro power capacity in Poland
- Hydropower plants in Poland
- 6.2.24 Portugal
- Overview
- Small hydro power capacity in Portugal
- Hydropower plants in Portugal
- 6.2.25 Romania
- Overview
- Small hydropower capacity in Romania
- Hydropower plants in Romania
- 6.2.26 Serbia and Montenegro
- Overview
- Hydropower plants in Serbia and Montenegro
- 6.2.27 Slovakia
- Overview
- Small hydro power capacity in Slovakia
- Hydropower plants in Slovakia
- 6.2.28 Slovenia
- Overview
- Small hydro power capacity in Slovenia
- Hydropower plants in Slovenia
- 6.2.29 Spain
- Overview
- Small hydro power capacity in Spain
- Hydropower plants in Spain
- 6.2.30 Sweden
- Overview
- Small hydro power capacity in Sweden
- Major hydropower plants in Sweden
- 6.2.31 Switzerland
- Overview
- Hydropower plants in Switzerland
- 6.2.32 Turkey
- Overview
- Small hydro power capacity in Turkey
- Hydropower plants in Turkey
- 6.2.33 United Kingdom
- Overview
- Small hydro power capacity in UK
- Hydropower plants in United Kingdom
7.0 Regional and country hydropower profiles CIS
- Contents
- 7.1 Regional hydropower overview CIS
- 7.2 Country hydropower profiles CIS
- 7.2.1 Armenia
- Overview
- Hydropower plants in Armenia
- 7.2.2 Azerbaijan
- Overview
- Hydropower plants in Azerbaijan
- 7.2.3 Georgia
- Overview
- Hydropower plants in Georgia
- 7.2.4 Kazakhstan
- Overview
- Hydropower plants in Kazakhstan
- 7.2.5 Kyrgyzstan
- Overview
- Hydropower plants in Kyrgyzstan
- 7.2.6 Moldova
- Overview
- Hydropower plants in Moldova
- 7.2.7 Russia
- Overview
- Hydropower plants in Russia
- 7.2.8 Tajikstan
- Overview
- Hydropower plants in Tajikstan
- 7.2.9 Turkmenistan
- 7.2.10 Ukraine
- Overview
- Hydropower plants in Ukraine
- 7.2.11 Uzbekistan
- Overview
- Hydropower plants in Uzbekistan
8.0 Regional and country hydropower profiles North America
- Contents
- 8.1 Regional hydropower overview North America
- 8.2 Country hydropower profiles North America
- 8.2.1 Canada
- Overview
- Hydropower plants in Canada
- Small hydropower
- New plant development in Canada
- 8.2.2 United States of America
- Overview
- Hydropower capacity in the USA
- New hydropower plant development in the USA
- 8.2.3 Mexico
- Overview
- Hydropower capacity in Mexico
- Small hydropower (SHP)
9.0 Regional and country hydropower overview Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)
- Contents
- 9.1 Regional hydropower overview Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)
- Overview
- Energy resources and production in LAC
- Energy outlook in LAC
- End-use efficiency and new forms of renewables
- The future of hydropower in LAC
- The investment in large dams
- 9.2 Country hydropower profiles Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)
- 9.2.1 Argentina
- Overview
- Hydropower capacity of Argentina
- Corpus Christi
- Small hydropower (SHP)
- 9.2.2 Bolivia
- 9.2.3 Brazil
- Overview
- Hydropower capacity in Brazil
- Regulations for hydro development
- Future development of large dams
- New hydro power plant developments in Brazil
- 9.2.4 Chile
- Overview
- Hydropower plants in Chile
- 9.2.5 Colombia
- Overview
- Hydropower plants in Colombia
- 9.2.6 Costa Rica
- Overview
- Hydropower plants in Costa Rica
- 9.2.7 Dominican Republic
- 9.2.8 Ecuador
- 9.2.9 El Salvador
- Overview
- Hydropower plants in El Salvador
- 9.2.10 Guatemala
- Overview
- Hydropower plants in Guatemala
- 9.2.11 Honduras
- Overview
- Hydropower plants in Honduras
- 9.2.12 Nicaragua
- Overview
- Hydropower plants in Nicaragua
- 9.2.13 Panama
- Overview
- Hydropower plants in Panama
- 9.2.14 Paraguay
- 9.2.15 Peru
- Overview
- Hydropower plants in Peru
- 9.2.16 Puerto Rico
- 9.2.17 Surinam
- 9.2.18 Uruguay
- 9.2.19 Venezuela
- Overview
- Hydropower plants in Venezuela
- Small hydropower (SHP)
- Future outlook
10.0 Regional and country hydropower overview Asia (Developing countries)
- Contents
- 10.1 Regional hydropower overview Asia (Developing countries)
- 10.2 Country hydropower profiles Asia (Developing countries)
- 10.2.1 Afghanistan
- 10.2.2 Bangladesh
- 10.2.3 Bhutan
- Overview
- Hydropower plants in Bhutan
- 10.2.4 China
- Overview
- Small hydro power capacity in China
- Large hydropower (LHP)
- Three Gorge Dam and hydro plant
- Additional large hydro developments in China
- Small hydropower (SHP)
- Tibet (Xizang)
- New hydro power plant development in China
- 10.2.5 Fiji
- 10.2.6 India
- Overview
- Total hydropower capacity in India
- Hydropower development
- Water resources
- Hydroelectric sub-sector in India
- Hydropower development - large hydropower (LHP)
- Small hydropower (SHP) introduction into India
- Small hydropower (SHP) in India today
- New hydro power plant developments in India
- 10.2.7 Indonesia
- Overview
- Small hydropower (SHP)
- 10.2.8 Laos
- Overview
- Total hydropower capacity in Laos
- Small hydropower (SHP)
- New hydro power plant developments in Laos
- 10.2.9 Malaysia
- Overview
- Total hydropower capacity in Malaysia
- 10.2.10 Myanmar
- Overview
- Total hydropower capacity in Myanmar
- New hydro power plant developments in Myanmar
- 10.2.11 Nepal
- Overview
- Total hydropower capacity in Nepal
- Small hydropower (SHP) in Nepal
- 10.2.12 North Korea
- 10.2.13 South Korea
- 10.2.14 Pakistan
- Overview
- Total hydropower capacity in Pakistan
- 10.2.15 Papua New Guinea
- Overview
- Hydropower development
- Small hydropower (SHP)
- 10.2.16 Philippines
- 10.2.17 Sri Lanka
- Overview
- Total hydropower capacity in Sri Lanka
- 10.2.18 Taiwan
- 10.2.19 Thailand
- 10.2.20 Vietnam
- Overview
- Total hydropower capacity in Vietnam
- Small hydropower (SHP)
- New hydro power plant developments in Vietnam
11.0 Regional and country hydropower overview Asia Pacific (Industrialised countries)
- Contents
- 11.1 Regional hydropower overview Asia Pacific (Industrialised countries)
- 11.2 Country hydropower profiles Asia Pacific (Industrialised countries)
- 11.2.1 Australia
- 11.2.2 Japan
- Overview
- Total hydropower capacity in Japan
- 11.2.3 New Zealand
- Overview
- Total hydropower capacity in New Zealand
12.0 Regional and country hydropower overview Africa
- Contents
- 12.1 Regional hydropower overview Africa
- 12.2 Country hydropower profiles Africa
- 12.2.1 Algeria
- 12.2.2 Angola
- 12.2.3 Burkina Faso
- 12.2.4 Burundi
- 12.2.5 Cameroon
- 12.2.6 Congo.
- 12.2.7 Congo, Democratic Republic of the
- 12.2.8 Cote d' Ivoire
- Overview
- Hydropower plants in Cote d' Ivoire
- 12.2.9 Egypt
- Overview
- Total hydro power capacity in Egypt
- 12.2.10 Ethiopia
- Overview
- Total hydropower capacity in Ethiopia
- 12.2.11 Gabon
- 12.2.12 Ghana
- 12.2.13 Guinea
- 12.2.14 Kenya
- Overview
- Total hydropower capacity in Kenya
- 12.2.15 Madagascar
- 12.2.16 Malawi
- 12.2.17 Mali
- 12.2.18 Morocco
- 12.2.19 Mozambique
- Overview
- Total hydropower capacity in Mozambique
- 12.2.20 Nigeria
- 12.2.21 Rwanda
- 12.2.22 South Africa
- 12.2.23 Sudan
- Overview
- Total hydropower capacity in Sudan
- 12.2.24 Tanzania
- Overview
- Total hydropower capacity in Tanzania
- 12.2.25 Uganda
- Overview
- Total hydropower capacity in Uganda
- 12.2.26 Zambia
- Overview
- Total hydropower capacity in Zambia
- Other hydro projects
- 12.2.27 Zimbabwe
13.0 Regional and country hydropower overview Middle East
- Contents
- 13.1 Regional hydropower overview Middle East
- 13.2 Country hydropower profiles Middle East
- 13.2.1 Iran
- Overview
- Total hydropower capacity in Iran
- 13.2.2 Lebanon
- 13.2.3 Syria
- Overview
- Total hydropower capacity in Syria
14.0 Appendix 1 - The computation of power
Table of Tables
- Table 1.1: Advantages and disadvantages of different types of renewable
energy
- Table 2.1: Hydroelectric installed capacity and generation by regions and
major countries, 2006
- Table 3.1: Number of dams by country, 2006
- Table 3.2: The 12 largest hydropower plants in the world, 2008
- Table 3.3: Large hydropower plants under construction, 2008
- Table 3.4: Large hydropower plants proposed, 2008
- Table 4.1: Utilisation of hydropower in days per year, 2005, countries
with over 5,000 MW installed hydro capacity
- Table 6.1: Europe, hydroelectric net installed capacity and generation,
2006
- Table 6.2: Installed capacity and production of SHP plants (up to 10 MW)
in Europe, 2008
- Table 6.3: Estimated hydro potential and exploitation in Europe MW
- Table 6.4: Hydropower plants in Albania
- Table 6.5: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Albania
- Table 6.6: Hydropower plants in Austria
- Table 6.7: Hydropower plants in Belgium
- Table 6.8: Hydropower plants in Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Table 6.9: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Bosnia and
Herzegovina
- Table 6.10: Hydropower plants in Bulgaria
- Table 6.11: Hydropower plants in Croatia
- Table 6.12: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Croatia
- Table 6.13: Hydropower plants in Czech Republic
- Table 6.14: Hydropower plants in Finland
- Table 6.15: Hydropower plants in France
- Table 6.16: Hydropower plants in Germany
- Table 6.17: Hydropower plants in Greece
- Table 6.18: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Greece
- Table 6.19: Hydropower plants in Hungary
- Table 6.20: Hydropower plants in Ireland
- Table 6.21: Hydropower plants in Italy
- Table 6.22: Hydropower plants in Latvia
- Table 6.23: Hydropower plants in Lithuania
- Table 6.24: Hydropower plants in Macedonia
- Table 6.25: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Macedonia
- Table 6.26: Hydropower plants in Norway
- Table 6.27: Hydropower plants in Poland
- Table 6.28: Hydropower plants in Portugal
- Table 6.29: Hydropower plants in Romania
- Table 6.30: Hydropower plants in Serbia and Montenegro
- Table 6.31: Hydropower plants in Slovakia
- Table 6.32: Hydropower plants in Slovenia
- Table 6.33: Hydropower plants in Spain
- Table 6.34: Major hydropower plants in Sweden
- Table 6.35: Hydropower plants in Switzerland
- Table 6.36: Hydropower plants in Turkey
- Table 6.37: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Turkey
- Table 6.38: Hydropower plants in United Kingdom
- Table 6.39: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in the United
Kingdom
- Table 7.1: CIS - hydroelectric installed capacity and generation, 2006
- Table 7.2: Hydropower plants in Armenia
- Table 7.3: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Armenia
- Table 7.4: Hydropower plants in Azerbaijan
- Table 7.5: Hydropower plants in Georgia
- Table 7.6: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Georgia
- Table 7.7: Hydropower plants in Kazakhstan
- Table 7.8: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Kazakhstan
- Table 7.9: Hydropower plants in Kyrgyzstan
- Table 7.10: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Kyrgyzstan
- Table 7.11: Hydropower plants in Moldova
- Table 7.12: Hydropower plants in Russia
- Table 7.13: Hydropower plants in Tajikstan
- Table 7.14: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Tajikstan
- Table 7.15: Hydropower plants in Ukraine
- Table 7.16: Hydropower plants in Uzbekistan
- Table 8.1: North America, hydroelectric installed capacity and generation,
2006
- Table 8.2: Hydropower plants in Canada
- Table 8.3: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Canada
- Table 8.4: The ten largest hydropower stations in the USA
- Table 8.5: Large utility owned hydropower plants in the USA (25 MW and
over)
- Table 8.6: Hydropower plants in Mexico
- Table 8.7: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Mexico
- Table 9.1: Dam projects approved by the IDB, 1960 - 1999, (By sector, in
millions US$)
- Table 9.2: South and Central America, hydroelectric installed capacity and
generation, 2006
- Table 9.3: Hydropower plants in Argentina
- Table 9.4: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Argentina
- Table 9.5: Hydropower plants in Bolivia
- Table 9.6: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Bolivia
- Table 9.7: Large Dams Projected in Brazil 2000 - 2008
- Table 9.8: Hydropower plants in Brazil
- Table 9.9: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Brazil
- Table 9.10: Hydropower plants in Chile
- Table 9.11: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Chile
- Table 9.12: Hydropower plants in Colombia
- Table 9.13: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Columbia
- Table 9.14: Hydropower plants in Costa Rica
- Table 9.15: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Costa Rica
- Table 9.16: Hydropower plants in Dominican Republic
- Table 9.17: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Dominican
Republic
- Table 9.18: Hydropower plants in Ecuador
- Table 9.19: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Ecuador
- Table 9.20: Hydropower plants in El Salvador
- Table 9.21: Hydropower plants in Guatemala
- Table 9.22: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Guatemala
- Table 9.23: Hydropower plants in Honduras
- Table 9.24: Hydropower plants in Nicaragua
- Table 9.25: Hydropower plants in Panama
- Table 9.26: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Panama
- Table 9.27: Hydropower plants in Paraguay
- Table 9.28: Hydropower plants in Peru
- Table 9.29: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Peru
- Table 9.30: Hydropower plants in Surinam
- Table 9.31: Hydropower plants in Uruguay
- Table 9.32: Hydropower plants in Venezuela
- Table 9.33: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Venezuela
- Table 10.1: Asia Pacific, hydroelectric installed capacity and generation,
2006
- Table 10.2: Hydropower plants in Afghanistan
- Table 10:3: Hydropower plants in Bangladesh
- Table 10.4: Hydropower plants in Bhutan
- Table 10.5: Hydropower plants in China
- Table 10.6: Hydropower plants planned or under construction in China
- Table 10.7: Small hydro sites up to 25 MW identified by State, India
- Table 10.8: Installed and ongoing mini / micro hydro projects up to 25 MW
capacity by state in India, 31 March 2007
- Table 10.9: Hydropower plants in India
- Table 10.10: Medium and large hydropower plants planned or under
construction in India
- Table 10.11: Hydropower plants in Indonesia
- Table 10.12: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Indonesia
- Table 10.13: Hydropower plants in Laos
- Table 10.14: Hydropower plants planned or under construction in Laos
- Table 10.15: Hydropower plants in Malaysia
- Table 10.16: Hydropower plants in Myanmar
- Table 10.17: Hydropower plants planned or under construction in Myanmar
- Table 10.18: Hydropower plants in Nepal
- Table 10.19: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Nepal
- Table 10.20: Hydropower plants in North Korea
- Table 10.21: Hydropower plants in South Korea
- Table 10.22: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in South Korea
- Table 10.23: Hydropower plants in Pakistan
- Table 10.24: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Pakistan
- Table 10.25: Hydropower plants in Philippines
- Table 10.26: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in the
Philippines
- Table 10.27: Hydropower plants in Sri Lanka
- Table 10.28: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Sri Lanka
- Table 10.29: Hydropower plants in Taiwan
- Table 10.30: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Taiwan
- Table 10.31: Hydropower plants in Thailand
- Table 10.32: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Thailand
- Table 10.33: Hydropower plants in Vietnam
- Table 10.34: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Vietnam
- Table 11.1: Hydropower plants in Australia
- Table 11.2: Hydropower plants in Japan
- Table 11.3: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Japan
- Table 11.4: Hydropower plants in New Zealand
- Table 12.1: Africa, hydroelectric installed capacity and generation, 2006
- Table 12.2: Hydropower plants in Algeria
- Table 12.3: Hydropower plants in Angola
- Table 12.4: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Angola
- Table 12.5: Hydropower plants in Burkina Faso
- Table 12.6: Hydropower plants in Burundi
- Table 12.7: Hydropower plants in Cameroon
- Table 12.8: New hydro plants or plants being refurbished in Cameroon
- Table 12.9: Hydropower plants in Congo
- Table 12.10: Hydropower plants in Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Table 12.11: Hydropower plants in Cote d' Ivoire
- Table 12.12: Hydropower plants in Honduras
- Table 12.13: Hydropower plants in Ethiopia
- Table 12.14: Hydropower plants in Gabon
- Table 12.15: Hydropower plants in Ghana
- Table 12.16: Hydropower plants in Guinea
- Table 12.17: Hydropower plants in Kenya
- Table 12.18: Hydropower plants in Madagascar
- Table 12.19: Hydropower plants in Malawi
- Table 12.20: Hydropower plants in Mali
- Table 12.21: Hydropower plants in Morocco
- Table 12.22: Hydropower plants in Mozambique
- Table 12.23: Hydropower plants in Nigeria
- Table 12.24: Hydropower plants in Rwanda
- Table 12.25: Hydropower plants in South Africa
- Table 12.26: Hydropower plants in Sudan
- Table 12.27: Hydropower plants in Tanzania
- Table 12.28: Hydropower plants in Uganda
- Table 12.29: Hydropower plants in Zambia
- Table 12.30: Hydropower plants in Zimbabwe
- Table 13.1: Middle East, hydroelectric installed capacity and generation,
2006
- Table 13.2: Hydropower plants in Iran
- Table 13.3: Hydropower plants in Syria
Table of Figures
- Figure 2.1: Total global primary energy supply 2007
- Figure 2.2: Renewables in electricity production 2007
- Figure 2.3: Net exploitable hydropower potential [TWh per year] and
percentage exploited
- Figure 2.4: The growth of hydropower generating capacity, 1990 - 2008,
Installed capacity and net summer capacity MW
- Figure 2.5: Regional development of hydropower, 1965 to 2006 TWh
- Figure 2.6: Global SHP as a % of total hydro capacity, 1980 to 2015
- Figure 2.7: Global SHP as a % of total hydro capacity, 1980 to 2015
- Figure 3.1: The number of dams constructed by decade (excluding China)
- Figure 3.2: Cumulative number of dams built by region
- Figure 3.3: SHP Installed Capacity China, 1950 to 2020
- Figure 3.4: Diagram of impoundment hydropower
- Figure 3.5: Illustration of run-of-river hydropower
- Figure 3.6: Diagram of micro hydropower project
- Figure 3.7: Illustration of diversion hydropower
- Figure 3.8: Diagram of a pumped storage configuration
- Figure 3.9: Diagram of a pumped storage configuration
- Figure 4.1: Base, Intermediate and Peak Load by time of Day
- Figure 6.1: Generation in GWh of SHP plants (capacity < 10 MW) in
Europe by size, 2003
- Figure 6.2: Total hydropower capacity in Albania
- Figure 6.3: Total hydropower capacity in Austria
- Figure 6.4: Small hydropower capacity in Austria, 1993 to 2015
- Figure 6.5: Total hydropower capacity in Belgium
- Figure 6.6: Small hydropower capacity in Belgium, 1990 to 2015
- Figure 6.7: Total hydropower capacity in Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Figure 6.8: Total hydropower capacity in Bulgaria
- Figure 6.9: Small hydropower capacity in Bulgaria, 1990 to 2015
- Figure 6.10: Total hydropower capacity in Croatia
- Figure 6.11: Total hydropower capacity in Czech Republic
- Figure 6.12: Small hydropower capacity in Czech Republic, 1990 to 2015
- Figure 6.13: Total hydropower capacity in Denmark
- Figure 6.14: Small hydropower capacity in Denmark, 1990 to 2015
- Figure 6.15: Total hydropower capacity in Finland
- Figure 6.16: Small hydropower capacity in Finland, 1990 to 2015
- Figure 6.17: Total hydropower capacity in France
- Figure 6.18: Small hydropower capacity in France, 1990 to 2015
- Figure 6.19: Total hydropower capacity in Germany
- Figure 6.20: Small hydropower capacity in Germany, 1990 to 2015
- Figure 6.21: Total hydropower capacity in Greece
- Figure 6.22: Small hydropower capacity in Greece, 1990 to 2015
- Figure 6.23: Total hydropower capacity in Hungary
- Figure 6.24: Small hydropower capacity in Hungary, 1990 to 2015
- Figure 6.25: Total hydropower capacity in Iceland
- Figure 6.26: Total hydropower capacity in Ireland
- Figure 6.27: Small hydropower capacity in Ireland, 1990 to 2015
- Figure 6.28: Total hydropower capacity in Italy
- Figure 6.29: Small hydropower capacity in Italy, 1990 to 2015
- Figure 6.30: Total hydropower capacity in Latvia
- Figure 6.31: Small hydropower capacity in Latvia, 1995 to 2015
- Figure 6.32: Total hydropower capacity in Lithuania
- Figure 6.33: Small hydropower capacity in Lithuania, 1990 to 2015
- Figure 6.34: Total hydropower capacity in Luxembourg
- Figure 6.35: Small hydropower capacity in Luxembourg, 1990 to 2015
- Figure 6.36: Total hydropower capacity in Macedonia
- Figure 6.37: Total hydropower capacity in the Netherlands
- Figure 6.38: Small hydropower capacity in Netherlands, 1990 to 2015
- Figure 6.39: Total hydropower capacity in Norway
- Figure 6.40: Small hydropower capacity in Norway, 1990 to 2015
- Figure 6.41: Total hydropower capacity in Poland
- Figure 6.42: Small hydropower capacity in Poland, 1993 to 2015
- Figure 6.43: Total hydropower capacity in Portugal
- Figure 6.44: Small hydropower capacity in Portugal, 1990 to 2015
- Figure 6.45: Total hydropower capacity in Romania
- Figure 6.46: Small hydropower capacity in Romania, 1993 to 2015
- Figure 6.47: Total hydropower capacity in Serbia and Montenegro
- Figure 6.48: Total hydropower capacity in Slovakia
- Figure 6.49: Small hydropower capacity in Slovakia, 2001 to 2015
- Figure 6.50: Total hydropower capacity in Slovenia
- Figure 6.51: Small hydropower capacity in Slovenia, 1995 to 2015
- Figure 6.52: Total hydropower capacity in Spain
- Figure 6.53: Small hydropower capacity in Spain, 1993 to 2015
- Figure 6.54: Total hydropower capacity in Sweden
- Figure 6.55: Small hydropower capacity in Sweden, 1990 to 2015
- Figure 6.56: Total hydropower capacity in Switzerland
- Figure 6.57: Total hydropower capacity in Turkey
- Figure 6.58: Small hydropower capacity in Turkey, 1995 to 2015
- Figure 6.59: Total hydropower capacity in UK
- Figure 6.60: Small hydropower capacity in the UK, 1995 to 2015
- Figure 7.1: Total hydropower capacity in Armenia
- Figure 7.2: Total hydropower capacity in Azerbaijan
- Figure 7.3: Total hydropower capacity in Georgia
- Figure 7.4: Total hydropower capacity in Kazakhstan
- Figure 7.5: Total hydropower capacity in Kyrgyzstan
- Figure 7.6: Total hydropower capacity in Moldova
- Figure 7.7: Total hydropower capacity in Russia
- Figure 7.8: Total hydropower capacity in Tajikistan
- Figure 7.9: Total hydropower capacity in Ukraine
- Figure 7.10: Total hydropower capacity in Uzbekistan
- Figure 8.1: Total hydropower capacity in Canada
- Figure 8.2: Hydropower plants in Canada
- Figure 8.3: Total hydropower capacity in the USA
- Figure 8.4: The highest dams in the USA
- Figure 8.5: The dams on the Colombia River
- Figure 8.6: The Hoover Dam 1,434 MW
- Figure 8.7: Grand Coulee Hydropower Station 6,180 MW
- Figure 8.8: Total hydropower capacity in Mexico
- Figure 9.1: Total hydropower capacity in Argentina
- Figure 9.2: Total hydropower capacity in Bolivia
- Figure 9.3: Total hydropower capacity in Brazil
- Figure 9.4: Itaipu hydroelectric dam
- Figure 9.5: Total hydropower capacity in Chile
- Figure 9.6: Total hydropower capacity in Colombia
- Figure 9.7: Total hydropower capacity in Costa Rica
- Figure 9.8: Total hydropower capacity in Dominican Republic
- Figure 9.9: Total hydropower capacity in Ecuador
- Figure 9.10: Total hydropower capacity in El Salvador
- Figure 9.11: Total hydropower capacity in Guatemala
- Figure 9.12: Total hydropower capacity in Honduras
- Figure 9.13: Total hydropower capacity in Nicaragua
- Figure 9.14: Total hydropower capacity in Panama
- Figure 9.15: Total hydropower capacity in Paraguay
- Figure 9.16: Total hydropower capacity in Peru
- Figure 9.17: Total hydropower capacity in Puerto Rico
- Figure 9.18: Total hydropower capacity in Surinam
- Figure 9.19: Total hydropower capacity in Uruguay
- Figure 9.20: Total hydropower capacity in Venezuela
- Figure 10.1: Total hydropower capacity in Afghanistan
- Figure 10.2: Total hydropower capacity in Bangladesh
- Figure 10.3: Total hydropower capacity in Bhutan
- Figure 10.4: Total hydropower capacity in China
- Figure 10.5: Small hydropower capacity in China, 1993 to 2015
- Figure 10.6: Map of the Three Gorges Dam and hydro plant
- Figure 10.7: Three Gorges Dam Locks
- Figure 10.8: Taojinping SHP Project (500 kW) in Lin' an County, Zhejiang
Province
- Figure 10.9: Total hydropower capacity in Fiji
- Figure 10.10: Total hydropower capacity in India
- Figure 10.11: Rivers of India
- Figure 10.12: Total hydropower capacity in Indonesia
- Figure 10.13: Total hydropower capacity in Laos
- Figure 10.14: Small hydro generator in Laos
- Figure 10.15: A triple channel small hydro generator
- Figure 10.16: Total hydropower capacity in Malaysia
- Figure 10.17: Total hydropower capacity in Myanmar
- Figure 10.18: Total hydropower capacity in Nepal
- Figure 10.19: Total hydropower capacity in North Korea
- Figure 10.20: Total hydropower capacity in South Korea
- Figure 10.21: Total hydropower capacity in Pakistan
- Figure 10.22: Total installed: Total hydropower capacity in Papua New
Guinea
- Figure 10.23: Total hydropower capacity in Philippines
- Figure 10.24: Total hydropower capacity in Sri Lanka
- Figure 10.25: Total hydropower capacity in Taiwan
- Figure 10.26: Total hydropower capacity in Thailand
- Figure 10.27: Total hydropower capacity in Vietnam
- Figure 10.28: Micro Hydroelectric generation in NW Vietnam village
- Figure 11.1: Total hydropower capacity in Australia
- Figure 11.2: Total hydropower capacity in Japan
- Figure 11.3: Total hydropower capacity in New Zealand
- Figure 12.1: Total hydropower capacity in Algeria
- Figure 12.2: Total hydropower capacity in Angola
- Figure 12.3: Total hydropower capacity in Cameroon
- Figure 12.4: Total hydropower capacity in Congo
- Figure 12.5: Total hydropower capacity in Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Figure 12.6: Total hydropower capacity in Cote d' Ivoire
- Figure 12.7: Total hydropower capacity in Egypt
- Figure 12.8: Total hydropower capacity in Ethiopia
- Figure 12.9: Total hydropower capacity in Gabon
- Figure 12.10: Total hydropower capacity in Ghana
- Figure 12.11: Total hydropower capacity in Guinea
- Figure 12.12: Total hydropower capacity in Kenya
- Figure 12.13: Total hydropower capacity in Madagascar
- Figure 12.14: Total hydropower capacity in Malawi
- Figure 12.15: Total hydropower capacity in Mali
- Figure 12.16: Total hydropower capacity in Morocco
- Figure 12.17: Total hydropower capacity in Mozambique
- Figure 12.18: Total hydropower capacity in Nigeria
- Figure 12.19: Total hydropower capacity in South Africa
- Figure 12.20: Total hydropower capacity in Sudan
- Figure 12.21: Total hydropower capacity in Tanzania
- Figure 12.22: Total hydropower capacity in Uganda
- Figure 12.23: Total hydropower capacity in Zambia
- Figure 12.24: Total hydropower capacity in Zimbabwe
- Figure 13.1: Total hydropower capacity in Iran
- Figure 13.2: Total hydropower capacity in Lebanon
- Figure 13.3: Total hydropower capacity in Syria
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