衛星通訊材料及設備的進步

Technology Primer

Television broadcasts, communications using cellular phones, weather forecasting, safer navigation systems for ships, airplanes, and cars are some of the areas that have immensely benefitted by the growth of the satellite communication industry. The industry is witnessing more and more applications being made possible by using satellite technology. It is being used to provide communication for first responders in case of emergencies, used for tracking of goods in transit, and so on. However, all these would be possible only if the satellite developed for the purpose is successfully placed into orbit in space. A carrier required to deliver a satellite into orbit is typically known as a launch vehicle.

A launch vehicle is a rocket that can carry and deliver a payload into space from a planetary surface. Launch vehicles are broadly classified as

• Expandable launch vehicles (ELV)
• Reusable launch vehicles (RLV)
• Single stage to orbit (SSTO)
• Two stage to orbit (TSTO) or double/dual stage to orbit (DSTO)

An expandable launch vehicle can be used only once to deliver a payload into space. In this type of launch vehicle the entire vehicle is discarded at different stages during its flight. The ELV systems are slowly discarded one by one at various stages (multistage rocket). This type of launching seems to be expensive but is better than existing RLVs.

RLVs can be used more than once to deliver payload into space. SSTO vehicles spend only the propellants and fluids required to power themselves to go into orbit directly without discarding any other piece of hardware at any stage. SSTO is usually refers to reusable vehicles.

A TSTO spacecraft consists of two stages: the first stage is used at the lift-off stage to accelerate the vehicle and gets detached later at a programmed altitude, while the second stage launches the payload into orbit under its own power.

Countries such as the United States, Commonwealth of Independent States (erstwhile USSR), Japan, China, France, India, Brazil, and European countries and others are actively working on developing next generation launch vehicles. To construct a launch vehicle that could deliver a payload in space is not an easy task as it requires use of a variety of advanced materials for component specific applications. Such vehicles also need to be able to withstand the harsh and turbulent atmosphere, right from lift-off to launching the satellite in orbit (and re-entry in case of an RLV). Parts of the vehicles have to withstand very high temperatures during propulsion in their journey against the gravitational pull. The external body of the launch vehicle should protect the electronic systems that are carried by the launch vehicle.

1. ADVANCES IN MATERIALS AND DEVICES FOR SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS, EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• Scope
• Methodology

• Noteworthy Emerging Technologies
• Noteworthy Emerging Applications

2. ADVANCES IN MATERIALS AND DEVICES FOR SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS, TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS VIEWPOINT

• Technology Primer
• Applications

• Major Application Areas
• Industry Trends

3. ADVANCES IN MATERIALS AND DEVICES FOR SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS, TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION AND FACTOR ANALYSIS

• Technology Features and Benefits
• Adoption Drivers for Materials Employed in Launch Vehicles

• Technology or Product Development Restraints
• Competing Technologies

4. ADVANCES IN MATERIALS AND DEVICES FOR SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS, DEVELOPMENTS IN MATERIALS FOR FUEL TANKS; PROPULSION SYSTEMS; AND ROCKET COMPONENTS

• Nontoxic Bipropellant Constant Thrust Rocket Engines and Composite Structures for Launch Vehicles--USA
• Vacuum Plasma Spray Process for Erosion-Resistant Rocket Nozzle--USA
• Air Collection and Enrichment System for In-Flight Fueling--USA
• Vortex-Cooled Combustion Chamber--USA
• Composite Cryogenic Fuel Tanks for Reusable Launch Vehicles--USA
• Dynamic Polymer Composite Enables Lightweight Liquid Rocket Engines--USA
• Thermoplastic Fluoropolymer Composite Fuel Tank for Liquid Oxygen--USA
• Low-Cost Ablative Engines and All-Composite Cryo Tanks for ELV--USA
• PMI Foam Reduces Manufacturing Costs for Interstages of Launch Vehicles--Germany

• IHPRPT Program--USA
• Integrally Woven Ceramic Composite Structures-Based Nozzles for Liquid Fueled Rocket Engines--USA
• Ceramic Materials and Manufacturing for Improved Hall Thruster Insulators--USA
• UHTCs for Rocket Propulsion and Re-Entry Vehicles--USA
• Fast Densification of Ultrahigh-Temperature Ceramics by Spark Plasma Sintering--Italy
• Hybrid Plasma Deposition of “Chameleon” Nanocomposite Tribological Coatings--USA

5. ADVANCES IN MATERIALS AND DEVICES FOR SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS, DEVELOPMENTS IN MATERIALS FOR THERMAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS FOR LAUNCH VEHICLES

• High-Temperature and Corrosion-Resistant Coatings for Launch Pads--USA
• Thermal Protection and Structural Health Monitoring--USA
• Smart Thermal Protection System for Re-Entry Vehicles--Germany
• Flexible External Insulation for Reusable Launch Vehicles--Germany
• Flexible Transpiration Cooled TPS for Inflatable Ballute Systems--USA
• 3D Fiber Reinforcement Preforms for TPS and Propulsion Components--USA
• Carbide-Based Aerogel for Thermal Protection Systems and Cryogenic Insulation for Launch Vehicles--USA
• Ceramic Forming Polymers for Advanced TPS--USA

• Water-Cooled Nose Cone for Re-Entry Vehicles--Netherlands
• Heat Shield Material for Crew Exploration Vehicle by NASA--USA
• Polyimide Foam Insulation Material for Space Applications--USA
• Intelligent Sensory Systems for Structural Health Monitoring of TPS--USA

6. ADVANCES IN MATERIALS AND DEVICES FOR SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS, PATENTS; DATABASE OF KEY INDUSTRIAL PARTICIPANTS AND GLOSSARY

• US Patents I
• US Patents II
• European and Asian Patents

• Database of Key Industrial Participants
• Glossary

7. ADVANCES IN MATERIALS AND DEVICES FOR SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS, FROST & SULLIVAN 2006 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY AWARDS

• Award Description
• Award Recipient

• Award Description
• Award Recipient

• Award Description
• Award Recipient

8. ADVANCES IN MATERIALS AND DEVICES FOR SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS, DECISION SUPPORT DATABASE

• Total Military Aircraft--World (1999 to 2006)
• Import of Aircraft; Spacecraft and Others--World (1999 to 2006)
• Export of Aircraft; Spacecraft and Others--World (1999 to 2006)
• Satellite Database by Coverage--World (1999 to 2006)
• Major Aerospace and Defense Companies--World