全球的地面碳酸鈣市場

Abstract

The Economics of Ground Calcium Carbonate

The new Roskill report on the ground calcium carbonate industry will be published in April 2005. It will provide up-to-date market analysis of resources, production, consumption, trade and prices. In addition it is a statistical sourcebook with detailed tables and figures so that you can find the data you need at a glance. World capacity of ground calcium carbonate (GCC) has expanded significantly over the last decade, reaching an estimated 56.5Mtpy for all grades in 2004. Much of this increase is devoted to the production of fillers and coatings for paper as papermakers have switched to a neutral or alkali processing environment. The proportion of the paper pigment market accounted for by GCC has risen from under 1% in 1970 to 50% in 2004. Omya, operating plants in 40 countries, is estimated to account for over 70% of the supply of paper grade GCC. They have an estimated capacity of 21.8 Mtpy, making them by far the largest producer with 39% of world total. Other leading producers are Imerys, Huber Engineered Materials and Speciality Minerals for finer grades of GCC, and Global Stone and Franklin Minerals for coarser grades based on limestone. The majority of GCC capacity is located in North America and Western Europe but Asian capacity is increasing at a higher rate. Plants are usually located close to the source of marble, limestone or chalk; however, increasing demand for GCC derived from high brightness marble has led to some producers shipping high brightness marble to GCC plants close to end use markets. The plastics industry is the second largest user of GCC, accounting for an estimated 10.2Mtpy of demand in 2004. Demand is increasingly concentrated in Asia, largely as a result of growth in the Chinese market. A significant growth opportunity in Western Europe and the USA is the use of GCC in the manufacture of polyolefin where fine-grained material is being used in breathable films. This market is well established in the production of diapers and will have other uses in disposable clothing and healthcare. The very steep increase in GCC production and consumption in the last decade in Western Europe is likely to begin to slow, as it is already established as the major pigment used in the paper industry. There is still some room for replacement of kaolin by GCC in the USA, but this is restricted in some areas by a lack of good quality marble. The major growth area for the next five years will be in Asia, particularly China, where new capacity is likely to take the form of satellite plants of paper mills. In its latest report on the ground calcium carbonate industry, Roskill forecasts that world consumption of GCC will rise by an average of 3%py to 2010 to reach 67.6Mt. Paper will continue to be the largest consuming sector, accounting for 28Mt of consumption by 2010, while plastics will account for a further 12.2Mt.

The key trends, issues and developments in the market are now analysed in this major new report from Roskill. It provides a clear insight into all areas of the industry and an authoritative analysis of the prospects for the future.

Table of Contents

1. Summary

2. Types, characterisation, occurrences and resources of calcium carbonate

• 2.1Types of calcium carbonate
  • 2.1.1Limestones
  • 2.1.2Chalk
  • 2.1.3Other sedimentary sources
  • 2.1.4Marble
  • 2.1.5Dolomite
  • 2.1.6Dolomitic calcites
  • 2.1.7Huntite
• 2.2Mineralogy, chemistry and physical properties of calcium carbonate
• 2.3Resources of calcium carbonate

3. Mining and supply of calcium carbonate

• 3.1Mining of calcium carbonate
  • 3.1.1Opencast mining
  • 3.1.2Underground mining
• 3.2Selection
• 3.3Crushing
• 3.4Choice of type of calcium carbonate
• 3.5Costs of mining
• 3.6Trade in marble chippings

4. Processing of calcium carbonate

• 4.1Dry processing of calcium carbonate
• 4.2Wet processing of calcium carbonate
  • 4.2.1Choice of marble
  • 4.2.2Flotation of calcium carbonate
  • 4.2.3Wet grinding of calcium carbonate
  • 4.2.4Slurry and drying of calcium carbonate
• 4.3Capital costs of a GCC plant

5. Grades of ground calcium carboante

6. World GCC capacity and production

• 6.1Capacity by plant
• 6.2Control of GCC capacity by company

7. Production of GCC in Western Europe by country and company

• 7.1Austria
  • 7.1.1Producers of GCC in Austria
    • 7.1.1.1Alpha-Mineral FmbH, Graz
    • 7.1.1.2Omya GmbH
    • 7.1.1.3Muhlendorfer Kredifabrik
• 7.2Belgium
  • 7.2.1Producers of GCC in Belgium
  • 7.2.1.1Imerys Minéraux Belgique SA
  • 7.2.1.2SA Omya Benelux
• 7.3Denmark
  • 7.3.1Producers of GCC in Denmark
    • 7.3.1.1Dankalk
    • 7.3.1.2Omya Denmark
• 7.4Finland
  • 7.4.1Producers of GCC in Finland
    • 7.4.1.1Omya Oy
    • 7.4.1.2Suomen Karbonaatti Oy/Omya Oy
  • 7.4.2Consumption of calcium carbonate in paper in Finland
• 7.5France
  • 7.5.1Producers of GCC in France
    • 7.5.1.1Imerys
    • 7.5.1.2Omya SA
    • 7.5.1.3Provencale SA
• 7.6Germany
  • 7.6.1Producers of GCC in Germany
    • 7.6.1.1Alpha Calcit
    • 7.6.1.2Omya GmbH
    • 7.6.1.3Schön und Hippelein
• 7.7Greece
  • 7.7.1Producers of GCC in Greece
    • 7.7.1.1Microfill K. Zafranas SA
    • 7.7.1.2Microfine Hellas AME
• 7.8Italy
  • 7.8.1Producers of GCC in Italy
    • 7.8.1.1Alpha Micron srl
    • 7.8.1.2Imerys Minerali SpA
    • 7.8.1.3Mineraria Sacilese SpA
    • 7.8.1.4Omya SpA
  • 7.8.2Consumption of GCC in Italy
• 7.9Netherlands
  • 7.9.1Producers of GCC in the Netherlands
    • 7.9.1.1Ankerpoort NV
    • 7.9.1.2Omya Beheer BV
• 7.10Norway
  • 7.10.1Producers of GCC in Norway
    • 7.10.1.1Hustadmarmor A.S
    • 7.10.1.2Norkalsitt A.S. Hestivika
• 7.11Portugal
  • 7.11.1Producers of GCC in Portugal
    • 7.11.1.1Comital
    • 7.11.1.2Omya Mineral Portuguesa LDA
• 7.12Spain
  • 7.12.1Producers of GCC in Spain
    • 7.12.1.1Clariancal SA (Omya)
    • 7.12.1.2Minas Volcán
    • 7.12.1.3Minerals i Derivats SA
    • 7.12.1.4Mineras Santo Angel
    • 7.12.1.5Provencale SA
    • 7.12.1.6SA Reverté
    • 7.12.1.7Triturados Blanco Macael
• 7.13Sweden
  • 7.13.1Producers of GCC in Sweden
    • 7.13.1.1Imerys Minerals AB
    • 7.13.1.2Omya AB
• 7.14Switzerland
  • 7.14.1Producers of GCC in Switzerland
    • 7.14.1.1Omya
• 7.15United Kingom
  • 7.15.1Producers of GCC in the UK
    • 7.15.1.1Ben Bennett, Jr
    • 7.15.1.2Imerys Minerals Limited
    • 7.15.1.3Longcliffe Quarries Limited
    • 7.15.1.4Minelco Specialties (Minelco UK Limited)
    • 7.15.1.5Omya UK
    • 7.15.1.6Tarmac Central

8. Eastern Europe

• 8.1Bosnia & Herzegovina
• 8.2Bulgaria
• 8.3Croatia
• 8.4Czech Republic
  • 8.4.1Producers of GCC in the Czech Republic
    • 8.4.1.1Omya as Vápenná
• 8.5Hungary
• 8.6Kazakhstan
• 8.7Poland
• 8.8Romania
  • 8.8.1Producers of GCC in Romania
    • 8.8.1.1Mikrosim, (JV Marmosim S.A, Simeria/Hungarian Group)
    • 8.8.1.2SC Omya Hfg?Omya Calcita srl
• 8.9Russia
  • 8.9.1Producers of GCC in Russia
    • 8.9.1.1JSC Balakovorezinotekhnika
    • 8.9.1.2JSC Geokom
    • 8.9.1.3JSC Melstrom
    • 8.9.1.4JSC Stoilensky GOK
    • 8.9.1.5JSC Stroimaterialy
    • 8.9.1.6JSC Uraltalk
    • 8.9.1.7LLC Baikal'skye mineraly
    • 8.9.1.8LLC Microkaltsit
    • 8.9.1.9Private JSC Ruslime
    • 8.9.1.10 Private JSC Shebekino-Mel
  • 8.9.2Consumption of GCC in Russia
  • 8.9.3Exports and imports of GCC
  • 8.9.4Production prospects for GCC in Russia
  • 8.9.5International cooperation
• 8.10Serbia
• 8.11Slovakia
• 8.12Slovenia
• 8.13Ukraine
  • 8.13.1Producers of GCC in the Ukraine
    • 8.13.1.1Private JSC Volcheyarovsky Melovoi Kar'er
    • 8.13.1.2SC Slavyansky Melo-Izvestkovy Zavod

9. South America, Central America and the Caribbean

• 9.1Argentina
  • 9.1.1Producers of GCC in Argentina
    • 9.1.1.1Cargas Minerales San Juan (PROPEL)
    • 9.1.1.2Camuati San Luis SA
    • 9.1.1.3Ceras San Juan SA
    • 9.1.1.4La Buena Esperanca, Los Berros, San Juan
    • 9.1.1.5Other producers of GCC in Argentina
• 9.2Bolivia
• 9.3Brazil
  • 9.3.1Producers of GCC in Brazil
    • 9.3.1.1Imerys do Brasil
    • 9.3.1.2Itaoca Marble
    • 9.3.1.3Micron-Ita
    • 9.3.1.4Mineracão Bragao
    • 9.3.1.5Mineracão Braminex
    • 9.3.1.6Mineracão Nemer
    • 9.3.1.7Mineracão Ouro Branco Limitada
    • 9.3.1.8Omya Brazil
  • 9.3.2GCC projects in Brazil
  • 9.3.3Other sources of calcium carbonate in Brazil
• 9.4Chile
  • 9.4.1Producers of GCC in Chile
    • 9.4.1.1Cia Mineral Santa Maria SA
    • 9.4.1.2Monserrat Limitada
    • 9.4.1.3Omya Chile
    • 9.4.1.4Other GCC plants in Chile
• 9.5Colombia
  • 9.5.1Producers of GCC in Colombia
    • 9.5.1.1Omya Colombia
    • 9.5.1.2Prominerales SA
• 9.6Cuba
• 9.7Dominican Republic
• 9.8Ecuador
• 9.9Haiti
• 9.10Jamaica
  • 9.10.1Producers of GCC in Jamaica
    • 9.10.1.1Hodges Minerals (Export) Limited
    • 9.10.1.2Lydford Mining Company
• 9.11Peru
• 9.12Uruguay
• 9.13Venezuela

10. North America

• 10.1Canada
  • 10.1.1Producers of GCC in Canada
    • 10.1.1.1 Havelock Lime
    • 10.1.1.2 IMASCO Minerals Incorporated
    • 10.1.1.3 Les Calcites du Nord
    • 10.1.1.4 Omya (Canada) Incorporated
  • 10.1.2GCC projects in Canada
    • 10.1.2.1 Arianne Resources Incorporated
    • 10.1.2.2 Fortune Minerals Limited
• 10.2Mexico
  • 10.2.1Producers of GCC in Mexico
  • 10.2.1.1 AT SA
  • 10.2.1.2 Estens
  • 10.2.1.3 Grupo Ind. Avalos Rubio
  • 10.2.1.4 Imerys de Mexico
  • 10.2.1.5 Inmin
  • 10.2.1.6 Molinas de Norte
  • 10.2.1.7 Omya Mexico SA de CV
  • 10.2.1.8 Orfo SA de CV
  • 10.2.1.9 Secadora Industrial SA
  • 10.2.1.10 Zacarias Grupo Indus
• 10.3USA
  • 10.3.1Producers of GCC in the USA
    • 10.3.1.1 Cerne Calcium Carbonate LLC
    • 10.3.1.2 Franklin Industrial Minerals
    • 10.3.1.3 Glacier Stone
    • 10.3.1.4 Global Stone (Oglebay Norton Group)
    • 10.3.1.5 Great Lakes Calcium Corporation
    • 10.3.1.6 H&S Whiting
    • 10.3.1.7 Huber Engineered Materials
    • 10.3.1.8 Imerys USA Incorporated
    • 10.3.1.9 Omya North America Incorporated
    • 10.3.1.10 Speciality Minerals Incorporated (S
    • 10.3.1.11 Thomasville Lime Medusa Corpora
    • 10.3.1.12 Vulcan Materials Comp
    • 10.3.1.13 Other US producers of G

11. Oceania

• 11.1Australia
  • 11.1.1Producers of GCC in Australia
    • 11.1.1.1David Mitchell Limited
    • 11.1.1.2Imerys Minerals Australia
    • 11.1.1.3Omya Australia
• 11.2New Zealand
  • 11.2.1Producers of GCC in New Zealand
    • 11.2.1.1Omya (NZ) Limited
  • 11.2.2Consumption of GCC in New Zealand

12. Asia

• 12.1China
  • 12.1.1Marble resources of China
    • 12.1.1.1Sources of marble in vicinity of the Yangtze
  • 12.1.2Production of GCC in China
  • 12.1.3Producers of GCC in China
  • 12.1.4Wet GCC plants
  • 12.1.5Dry GCC Plants
  • 12.1.6Consumption of GCC in China
    • 12.1.6.1Consumption of GCC in paper in China
    • 12.1.6.2Consumption of GCC in plastics in China
    • 12.1.6.3Other markets for GCC in China
• 12.2India
  • 12.2.1Producers of GCC in India
    • 12.2.1.120 Microns Limited
    • 12.2.1.2Imerys Newquest (INDIA) Private Limited
    • 12.2.1.3Vimal Microns Limited
    • 12.2.1.4Wolkem India Limited
  • 12.2.2Markets for GCC in India
• 12.3Indonesia
  • 12.3.1Producers of GCC in Indonesia
    • 12.3.1.1PT Camco Omya
    • 12.3.1.2PT Supersonic Chemical Industries
    • 12.3.1.3Riau Paper Group/Imerys satellite plant
• 12.4Japan
  • 12.4.1Producers of GCC in Japan
  • 12.4.2Producers of GCC for paper in Japan
    • 12.4.2.1Bihoku Funka Kogyo WGCC
    • 12.4.2.2Fimatec
    • 12.4.2.3Imerys Minerals Japan KK
  • 12.4.3Production of DGCC for non-paper markets in Japan
    • 12.4.3.1Mauro Calcium Company Limited
  • 12.4.4Markets for GCC in Japan
• 12.5Malaysia
  • 12.5.1Producers of GCC in Malaysia
    • 12.5.1.1Imerys Malaysia (formerly Imerys-Honaik Sdn Bhd)
    • 12.5.1.2Malaysian Calcium Carbonate Corporation Sdn Bhd (Omya)
    • 12.5.1.3Sun Minerals
• 12.6North Korea
• 12.7Philippines
• 12.8South Korea
  • 12.8.1Producers of GCC in South Korea
    • 12.8.1.1Chungang Chemical Industries
    • 12.8.1.2Dae-A Moolson Company
    • 12.8.1.3Kwang Sung Chemical Company
    • 12.8.1.4Omya Korea
    • 12.8.1.5Taekyung Industries Company Limited
    • 12.8.1.6Wang Pyo Chemical Company
    • 12.8.1.7Woojin Chemical Company
  • 12.8.2Consumption of GCC by application in South Korea
• 12.9Taiwan
  • 12.9.1Producers of GCC in Taiwan
    • 12.9.1.1Formosa Plastics Corporation
    • 12.9.1.2Imerys Minerals (Taiwan) Limited
• 12.10Thailand
  • 12.10.1Producers of GCC in Thailand
    • 12.10.1.1Calcium Products Company Lim
    • 12.10.1.2Fim
    • 12.10.1.3Imerys Carbonates (Thailand) Company Lim
    • 12.10.1.4Lime Qu
    • 12.10.1.5Quality Mine
    • 12.10.1.6Surint Omya Chemicals Company Lim
• 12.11Vietnam

13. Middle East and Turkey

• 13.1Iran
• 13.2Israel
• 13.3Jordan
  • 13.3.1Producers of GCC in Jordan
    • 13.3.1.1Jordan Carbonate Company (JCC)
    • 13.3.1.2Jordan Minerals Establishment (JME)
• 13.4Saudi Arabia
  • 13.4.1Producers of GCC in Saudi Arabia
    • 13.4.1.1Saudi Carbonate Company Limited
    • 13.4.1.2Saudi Marble Company
• 13.5Syria
• 13.6Turkey
  • 13.6.1GCC producers in Turkey
    • 13.6.1.1Dolgu Maddeleri AS plant
    • 13.6.1.2Esen Mikronize Maden
    • 13.6.1.3Imerys Turkey
    • 13.6.1.4Omya Madecilik AS
  • 13.6.2Markets for GCC in Turkey

14. Africa

• 14.1Algeria
• 14.2Egypt
• 14.3Morocco
• 14.4South Africa
  • 14.4.1Producers of GCC in South Africa
    • 14.4.1.1Idwala Minerals & Distribution Company
    • 14.4.1.2Inca Lime
• 14.5Tunisia
• 14.6Uganda
  • 14.6.1Producers of GCC in Uganda
    • 14.6.1.1African Minerals Limited
    • 14.6.1.2Saudi Marble Company

15. World consumption of ground calcium carbonate

• 15.1World consumption of GCC by process method
• 15.2Estimated consumption of all grades of GCC by application
• 15.3Consumption of fine ground GCC
• 15.4Regional consumption of GCC
  • 15.4.1Consumption of GCC in Western Europe
  • 15.4.2Consumption of GCC in North America
  • 15.4.3Consumption of GCC in Asia
• 15.5Future consumption of GCC

16. Use of GCC as a pigment in paper

• 16.1Paper manufacture
• 16.2Types of paper
• 16.3Competing filler and coating pigments in paper manufacture
• 16.4Use of minerals in paper filling
  • 16.4.1Filler contents of printing papers
• 16.5Use of minerals in paper coating
  • 16.5.1Coating contents of printing papers
• 16.6Structure of the global paper industry
  • 16.6.1Asia
    • 16.6.1.1China
  • 16.6.2Europe
• 16.7World production of paper and paperboard
• 16.8Leading manufacturers of paper
  • 16.8.1Stora Enso
  • 16.8.2International Paper
  • 16.8.3UPM Kymmene
• 16.9Consumption of paper and paperboard
• 16.10Consumption of minerals in paper
  • 16.10.1Consumption of GCC in paper
    • 16.10.1.1Western European consumption of GCC in p
    • 16.10.1.2UPM-Kymmene consumption of minerals in p
  • 16.10.2Forecast demand for GCC in papermaking

17. Use of GCC in plastics

• 17.1Use of mineral fillers in plastics
• 17.2Use of GCC in plastics
• 17.3The plastics industry
  • 17.3.1Leading polymer producing companies
  • 17.3.2Regional and national demand for plastics
• 17.4Markets for plastics
• 17.5GCC use by type of plastics
  • 17.5.1Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
    • 17.5.1.1Demand for Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
  • 17.5.2Polypropylene (PP)
    • 17.5.2.1Demand for polypropylene
  • 17.5.3Polyethylene (PE)
    • 17.5.3.1Demand for polyethylene
    • 17.5.3.2PE film
  • 17.5.4Polyolefins and breathable film
• 17.6Consumption of GCC in plastics
  • 17.6.1Western Europe
  • 17.6.2North America
  • 17.6.3Asia
• 17.7Future consumption of GCC in plastics

18. Use of GCC in paint

• 18.1Pigments in paint
• 18.2Use of GCC in paint
• 18.3World production of paint
• 18.4Structure of the world paint industry
  • 18.4.1North America
  • 18.4.2Europe
  • 18.4.3Asia
• 18.5Consumption of GCC in paint
  • 18.5.1Future trends in GCC consumption in paint

19. Adhesives and sealants

• 19.1Adhesive and sealant formulations and components
• 19.2Producers of GCC for use in adhesives and sealants
• 19.3Production of adhesives and sealants
• 19.4The world market for adhesives and sealants
• 19.5Western European market for adhesives
• 19.6GCC consumption in adhesives and sealants
• 19.7Future consumption of GCC in adhesives and sealants

20. Use of GCC in rubber

• 20.1Specifications of GCC used in rubber
• 20.2World production of synthetic rubber
• 20.3World consumption of synthetic rubber
• 20.4Production of natural rubber
• 20.5Consumption of natural rubber
• 20.6Future consumption of GCC in rubber

21. Use of GCC in pharmaceuticals and food

• 21.1Huber Engineered Material (HEM)
• 21.2Omya
• 21.3Reverté

22. Other applications of GCC

• 22.1Fine-particle size GCC for other applications
  • 22.1.1Toothpaste
  • 22.1.2Chewing gum
  • 22.1.3Cosmetics
  • 22.1.4Rotogravure printing inks
  • 22.1.5World ink industry
    • 22.1.5.1European Union
    • 22.1.5.2Japan
• 22.2Coarse-particle GCC for other applications
  • 22.2.1Cultured marble
  • 22.2.2Pool Mix
  • 22.2.3Roof shingles
  • 22.2.4Carpet backing
  • 22.2.5Household cleaners
  • 22.2.6Landscaping
• 22.3Nanominerals

23. Prices of GCC

• 23.1List prices

List of tables

• Table 1: World: Leading ten GCC Companies, 2004
• Table 2: World: GCC production and utilisation by region, 2004
• Table 3: GCC product requirements for paper coating
• Table 4: Chemistry and brightness of different types of calcium carbonate
• Table 5: Examples of different types of calcium carbonate for GCC
• Table 6: Typical analysis of a marble suitable for GCC paper coating
• Table 7: Major calcium carbonate deposits of the world with >25Mt of estimated resources, 2004
• Table 8: Asia: Location and resources of some marble deposits
• Table 9: Brightness and chemistry of some marble deposits in Asia
• Table 10: Estimated movement of some calcium carbonate lump and chippings across borders
• Table 11: Particle size range for different GCC applications and likely processing
• Table 12: Dry grinding processing systems for GCC
• Table 13: GCC grades for paper coating and filling of Omya and Imerys
• Table 14: Imerys products for paint and their physical characteristics
• Table 15: Physical and chemical characteristics for USP and FCC grades of GCC
• Table 16: World: Estimated GCC nameplate production capacity, 2004
• Table 17: World: Control of GCC capacity by top 10 companies, 2004
• Table 18: Western Europe: Production capacity of GCC by country, 2004
• Table 19: Member companies of the European Calcium Carbonates Association
• Table 20: Austria: Summary of GCC producers, 2004
• Table 21: Dankalk: New products for plastics
• Table 22: Faxe Kalk/Omya: Quality of products for paper
• Table 23: Finland: Limestone output from selected mines, 2003
• Table 24: Finland: Resources of new calcitic marble deposits identified by GTK
• Table 25: Finland: Consumption of paper mineral pigments, 1994 to 2003
• Table 26: France: GCC producing companies
• Table 27: Imerys: Summary of worldwide GCC operations by country
• Table 28: Imerys: GCC capacity by region for paper market
• Table 29: Imerys: Specialty Minerals Group operations worldwide
• Table 30: Imerys: Pigments for Paper Group GCC operations worldwide
• Table 31: France: Imerys Minéraux France: GCC producing companies
• Table 32: Imerys: Dordogne: CMP: Quality of products for paper
• Table 33: Omya: French calcium carbonate operations
• Table 34: Omya: France: Comparison of products from the chalk and limestone
• Table 35: Provencale SA: Summary of operations in France and Spain
• Table 36: Provencale SA: Physical and chemical properties of Mikhart 1
• Table 37: Provencale SA: Characteristics of the Mikhart range of product
• Table 38: Provencale SA: Calgar products produced at Pouzilhac
• Table 39: Alpha Calcit: Summary of GCC operations worldwide
• Table 40: Omya: GCC operations in Germany
• Table 41: Omya: Germany: Hydrocarb products for paper from Burgberg plant
• Table 42: Greece: GCC producing companies, 2004
• Table 43: Greece: Microfill K. Zafranas SA range of GCC products
• Table 44: Greece: Microfill K. Zafranas SA: Specifications of Zetafil 1 and CST 2
• Table 45: Greece: Chemical and physical properties of Huntite
• Table 46: Italy: GCC producing companies
• Table 47: Imerys: Comparison of paper products from Carrara and Avezzano
• Table 48: Italy: Mineraria Sacilese physical and chemical properties
• Table 49: Italy: Type of products for the plastic industry
• Table 50: Italy: PVC cable industry GCC products
• Table 51: Italy: Polypropylene garden furniture GCC products
• Table 52: Norway: Omya Molde plant: Properties of some Hydocarb products
• Table 53: Norway: Norkalsitt marble quality
• Table 54: Spain: Summary of main GCC producing companies
• Table 55: SA Reverté: Specifications of products for the paper industry
• Table 56: Reverté: Products for plastics, polymers and other applications
• Table 57: Sweden: GCC producing companies
• Table 58: Omya: Summary of worldwide GCC operations
• Table 59: Omya: Characteristics of GCC paper filler products
• Table 60: Omya: Characteristics of GCC paper coating pigments
• Table 61: Omya: USA: Properties of surface treated GCC products for plastics
• Table 62: Great Britain: Production of limestone, dolomite and chalk fillers, 1990 to 2002
• Table 63: United Kingdom: GCC producing companies
• Table 64: Imerys UK: Characteristics of POLCARB from Beverley plant
• Table 65: Imerys UK: Calcium carbonate specifications of GCC products
• Table 66: Imerys: GCC based on chalk for adhesives and sealants
• Table 67: Eastern Europe: Summary of GCC operations
• Table 68: Croatia: Typical result of high brightness limestone from Split area
• Table 69: Kazakhstan: JSC NPF LIK marble product specification
• Table 70: Romania: Mikrosim marble GCC products from plant in Simeria
• Table 71: Russia: Companies producing GCC
• Table 72: Russia: Estimated production of GCC by company, 1998-2003
• Table 73: Russia: JSC Geokom marble product specification
• Table 74: Russia: Microkaltsit marble product specification
• Table 75: Russia: Ruslime-Reverté JV chalk product specification
• Table 76: Russia: Apparent consumption of GCC, 1999-2003
• Table 77: Ukraine: Companies producing GCC for chalk
• Table 78: Ukraine: Production of GCC by company, 1998-2003
• Table 79: South America: Estimated GCC capacity by country, 2004
• Table 80: Argentina: GCC producing companies, 2004
• Table 81: Brazil: GCC producing companies
• Table 82: Chile: Companies producing calcium carbonate for metallic mining and metal processing
• Table 83: Chile: GCC producing companies
• Table 84: Chile: Small producing GCC companies
• Table 85: Colombia: Prominerales GCC paper coating and filler products
• Table 86: Jamaica: Summary of the calcium carbonate deposits
• Table 87: Jamaica: GCC producing companies
• Table 88: Characteristics of travertine and products from Minera Agregados
• Table 89: North America: Summary of GCC capacity by company, 2004
• Table 90: Canada: GCC operations by company, 2004
• Table 91: IMASCO: Product specifications from the Surrey Plant
• Table 92: IMASCO: Physical and chemical properties of 6HX grade
• Table 93: IMASCO: Physical and chemical properties of the Creston plant GCC
• Table 94: Omya (Canada): Dry GCC products from the Perth plant
• Table 95: Omya: Perth plant: untreated products manufactured
• Table 96: Omya: St Armand plant: PULPRO range of products
• Table 97: Mexico: GCC producing companies, 2004
• Table 98: Inmin products and prices 2000
• Table 99: USA: Summary of capacity of GCC producers,
• Table 100: Huber: Marble Hill, Georgia: Products for paint & coatings
• Table 101: Huber: Quincy, Illinois: Pigments for paint and coatings
• Table 102: Imerys: Summary of GCC operations in the USA, 2004
• Table 103: Imerys: North American GCC products for paper
• Table 104: Omya: GCC operations in the USA, 2004
• Table 105: Speciality Minerals: Range of GCC products offered in 2002
• Table 106: SeaCal: Bulk mine chemistry of Calder marble, Alaska
• Table 107: Australia: Summary of GCC operations
• Table 108: New Zealand: Approximate annual use of calcium carbonate, 2001
• Table 109: Asia: Estimated GCC capacity by country, 2004
• Table 110: China: Summary of some major Chinese marble deposits
• Table 111: China: Known GCC companies and markets, 2004
• Table 112: China: Some GCC wet grinding plants
• Table 113: China: Plans for installation of GCC satellite plants in paper mills
• Table 114: Mei Li Tai Company: Uncoated GCC grades
• Table 115: Mei Li Tai Company: Coated GCC grades
• Table 116: GCC and kaolin use for coated paper and board from four provinces
• Table 117: Utilisation of coarser grained GCC in plastics in China, 2002
• Table 118: India: Producers of GCC, 2004
• Table 119: Indonesia: Comparison of chalky-limestone with calcite from Ponjong
• Table 120: Indonesia: Camco Omya: Range of GCC products
• Table 121: Camco Omya: Product specifications for paper coating and filler
• Table 122: Camco Omya: Products for plastics and paint
• Table 123: Japan: GCC operating companies and capacities, 2003/4
• Table 124: Japan: Producers of wet ground GCC, 2004
• Table 125: Range of GCC products for paper from FMT (Japan)
• Table 126: Japan: Consumption of fine-ground calcium carbonate by application
• Table 127: Malaysia: Summary of GCC producing companies
• Table 128: Imerys (formerly Honaik Sdn Bhd): Range of GCC products
• Table 129: Sun Minerals: SM-5 properties for paper filler use
• Table 130: Sun Minerals: Specifications for coated grades for plastics
• Table 131: North Korea: Potential marble deposits suitable for GCC
• Table 132: South Korea: Summary of GCC operations, 2004
• Table 133: Taekhyung Industries: GCC products for paper and paint
• Table 134: South Korea: GCC market breakdown
• Table 135: Ho Ping Marble: Summary of properties
• Table 136: Taiwan: Ho Ping marble supplies to customers
• Table 137: Taiwan: Summary of GCC producers, 2004
• Table 138: Formosa Plastics: NCC Series for use in PVC and other plastics
• Table 139: Thailand: Lopburi: Quality of the Khoktum marble
• Table 140: Thailand: Summary of GCC operations
• Table 141: Lime Quality: Range of GCC products
• Table 142: Middle East: Summary of GCC operations in the region
• Table 143: Jordan Carbonate Company: GCC product properties
• Table 144: Jordan Carbonate Company: Chemistry of the product range
• Table 145: Jordan Carbonate Company: Recommended applications for GCC products
• Table 146: Jordan: Jordan Minerals Establishment: Chemistry of limestone
• Table 147: Jordan: Jordan Minerals Establishment: GCC products
• Table 148: Turkey: Summary of GCC producers, 2004
• Table 149: Esen Mikronize: GCC products based on particle size
• Table 150: Africa: Summary of GCC operations, 2004
• Table 151: Functions and specifications of calcium carbonate by main application
• Table 152: World: Market split for GCC by region, 2004
• Table 153: World: Fine GCC market split by region, 2004
• Table 154: North America: GCC market by end use, 2004
• Table 155: World: Consumption of GCC by application, 2004 and 2010
• Table 156: Paper: Grades, fibre composition, pigment loading and end uses
• Table 157: Comparison between properties of kaolin, precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) and ground calcium carbonate (GCC) in paper production
• Table 158: Advantages and disadvantages of GCC & PCC use in paper
• Table 159: Coating pigment choice between kaolin and GCC based on properties
• Table 160: Typical blends of kaolin and GCC used in LWC and MWC paper
• Table 161: Paper: Filler pigments contents of different printing papers
• Table 162: Paper: Coating pigments levels in different printing paper applications
• Table 163: World: Regional distribution of paper mills, 2003
• Table 164: World: Regional operating capacity of paper and paper board mills, 2003
• Table 165: Asia: Pulp, paper and board expansions, 2004/2005
• Table 166: Asia Pulp and Paper: Details of pulp and paper mills, 2000
• Table 167: CEPI: Key data for the regional paper industry, 1991 and 2003
• Table 168: World: Production of paper and paperboard by region, 1990 to 2003
• Table 169: World Average annual growth in production of paper and paperboard by region, 1990 to 2003
• Table 170: Regional production of paper and paperboard by grade, 2003
• Table 171: World: Production of paper and paperboard by country, 1995 to 2003
• Table 172: Selected countries: Production of main papers containing minerals by category, 2003
• Table 173: World: Production of paper and paperboard by ten leading producers, 2003
• Table 174: Stora Enso: Details of mills producing fine paper, 2004
• Table 175: Stora Enso: Details of mills producing publication paper, 2004
• Table 176: Stora Enso: Details of mills producing packaging papers and board, 2004
• Table 177: International Paper: Pulp and paper production capacity by region and grade, 2003
• Table 178: UPM Kymmene: Paper production capacity by grade, 2004
• Table 179: UPM Kymmene: Details of paper mills, 2004
• Table 180: Global demand for printing papers, 2003
• Table 181: Global per capita consumption of paper and newsprint, 2003
• Table 182: World: Apparent consumption of paper and paperboard by region, 2001 to 2003
• Table 183: Estimated consumption of minerals in newsprint by selected country, 2000 to 2003
• Table 184: Estimated consumption of minerals in uncoated writing and printing paper by selected country, 2000 to 2003
• Table 185: Estimated consumption of minerals in coated writing and printing paper by country, 2000 to 2003
• Table 186: Estimated consumption of minerals in paperboard by country, 2000 to 2003
• Table 187: Estimated total consumption of minerals in paper and paperboard by selected country, 1996 to 2003
• Table 188: World: Estimated consumption of minerals by type of paper, 1995 to 2003
• Table 189: World: Regional consumption of GCC in paper, 2004
• Table 190: Paper: Non-fibrous materials consumption in CEPI countries, 1998 to 2002
• Table 191: UPM-Kymmene: Pigment usage in 2000 and 2003
• Table 192: Principal industrial minerals used in plastics
• Table 193: Plastics: How do minerals improve plastics?
• Table 194: Densities of main mineral fillers and resins in order
• Table 195: Examples of mineral loadings in plastics
• Table 196: Nameplate production capacity of plastic resin by selected companies, 2004
• Table 197: World: Demand for plastics by region, 1995 to 2008
• Table 198: USA: Sales and captive use of selected plastics by type, 2002 and 2003
• Table 199: Japan: Production of selected plastic resin by type, 1996 to 2003
• Table 200: World: Demand for plastics by type, 1995 to 2008
• Table 201: Asia: Demand for plastics by type, 1995 to 2008
• Table 202: Europe: Demand for plastics by type, 1995 to 2008
• Table 203: NAFTA: Demand for plastics by type, 1995 to 2008
• Table 204: USA: Sales and captive use of selected thermoplastic resins by major market, 1999 to 2003
• Table 205: Japan: Production of plastic products by type, 1996 to 2003
• Table 206: Imerys: Polcarb™ SB properties in uPVC window frames
• Table 207: World: Changes in PVC production capacity, from 2002
• Table 208: World: Demand for PVC by region, 1995 to 2008
• Table 209: World: Regional use of PVC by product, 2003
• Table 210: Properties of 40wt% GCC filled Polypropylene
• Table 211: World: Demand for polypropylene by region, 1995 to 2008
• Table 212: World: Regional use of polypropylene by product, 2003
• Table 213: World: Regional use of polypropylene by product, 2008
• Table 214: World: Demand for polyethylene by region, 1995 to 2008
• Table 215: World: Regional use of polyethylene by product, 2003
• Table 216: World: Regional use of polyethylene by product, 2003
• Table 217: Plastics: GCC usage in plastics worldwide, 2004
• Table 218: Plastics: Western Europe: Filler consumption, 2000
• Table 219: Asia: GCC consumption in plastics by country, 2004
• Table 220: World: Forecast demand for plastics by region, 2004, 2005 and 2008
• Table 221: Properties of extender minerals used in paint formulations
• Table 222: Typical mineral loadings in paint
• Table 223: Paint: Reasons for using GCC
• Table 224: Omya and Huber: Products for paint and their mean particle size
• Table 225: World: Estimated production of paints and coatings by region and type 1990 to 2010
• Table 226: Paints and coatings demand by formulation, 1990-2010
• Table 227: World: Forecast production of architectural paints by region, 1990 to 2010
• Table 228: World: Leading coatings companies, 2000 to 2004
• Table 229: USA: Shipments of coatings, 1985 to 2003
• Table 230: Paint: Europe: Principal minerals used in 2000 and projection for 2006
• Table 231: World: GCC consumption in paint by region, 2004
• Table 232: Components of an adhesive or sealant
• Table 233: Adhesives & Sealants: Uses of GCC
• Table 234: Japan: Production of adhesives, 1997 to 2003
• Table 235: Western Europe: Adhesive markets by country, 1996 to 1998
• Table 236: Western Europe: Sales of adhesives by market, 1996 to 1998
• Table 237: Western Europe: Sales of adhesives by product group, 1996 to 1999
• Table 238: Sealants: Consumption of GCC by region, 2004
• Table 239: Characteristics of important rubber filler materials
• Table 240: Rubber: Imerys products for use in rubber
• Table 241: Imerys: Recommended GCC grades for different rubber applications
• Table 242: World Reported and estimated synthetic rubber production capacity by type and country, 2003
• Table 243: World: Production of synthetic rubber by region, 1990 to 2003
• Table 244: China: Production of synthetic rubber, 1995 to 2003
• Table 245: Japan: Deliveries of synthetic rubber by products, 2001 to 2003
• Table 246: World: Consumption of synthetic rubber by country, 1996 to 2003
• Table 247: World: Leading producers of natural rubber, 1990 to 2003
• Table 248: World: Leading consumers of natural rubber, 1990 to 2003
• Table 249: HuberCAL™ use in food and nutraceutical applications
• Table 250: Physical and chemical characteristics for USP and FCC grades of GCC
• Table 251: Reverté: GCC grades for food and pharmaceuticals
• Table 252: World: Sales of inks and graphic arts by main companies, 2003
• Table 253: Japan: Deliveries of printing inks, 1997 to 2003
• Table 254: Omya North America: GCC specifications for cultured marble market
• Table 255: Carpet Backing: Omya's GCC products in North America
• Table 256: USA: Shipments of carpets and rugs,
• Table 257: USA: Shipments of woven carpets and rugs by fibre of face yarn
• Table 258: USA: Shipments of tufted carpets and rugs by fibre of face yarn
• Table 259: USA: Shipments of other carpets and rugs by fibre of face yarn
• Table 260: World: Forecast demand for nanocomposites, 2004 and 2009
• Table 261: Prices: GCC prices in the UK, ex-works, 1991-2005
• Table 262: USA: Prices of GCC, 1997 to 2005

List of figures

• Figure 1: World: GCC capacity by region, 2004
• Figure 2: World: Demand for GCC by end use, 2004
• Figure 3: Range of pigment brightness values
• Figure 4: ISO Brightness decrease on finer wet grinding of Chinese marble
• Figure 5: Use of carbonate rock in GCC by type, 2004
• Figure 6: GCC: Dry and wet processing routes
• Figure 7: Sedigraph of dry processing of a marble
• Figure 8: World: Estimated GCC capacity by region, 2004
• Figure 9: World: Estimated GCC capacity by main countries, 2004
• Figure 10: Location of some GCC operations and marble deposits in Europe
• Figure 11: Western Europe: GCC capacity by company, 2004
• Figure 12: Western Europe: Type of raw material use in GCC production, 2004
• Figure 13: Imerys: GCC capacity by region, 2004
• Figure 14: Imerys: Main GCC producing countries, 2004
• Figure 15: Imerys: Use of calcium carbonate in GCC production by type, 2004
• Figure 16: Italy: Use of GCC by type of plastic, 2004
• Figure 17: Omya: GCC capacity by region, 2004
• Figure 18: Omya: Western European GCC capacity by main countries, 2004
• Figure 19: Omya: Type of calcium carbonate used in GCC production, 2004
• Figure 20: Eastern Europe: GCC capacity by main countries, 2004
• Figure 21: Russia: GCC consumption by end use, 2003
• Figure 22: Russia: Exports of GCC to main countries, 2003
• Figure 23: Location Map of some GCC operations in Canada and USA
• Figure 24: North America: Fine grade GCC capacity by company, 2004
• Figure 25: USA: GCC capacity by main companies, 2004
• Figure 26: New Zealand: Estimated consumption of GCC by end use, 2004
• Figure 27: China: Location of some major marble deposits
• Figure 28: China: Estimated production of GCC, 1992 to 2002
• Figure 29: Yangtze: Paper mills, GCC plants and marble deposits in the area
• Figure 30: Growth: Paper and paperboard market in China vs Japan, 1993-2003
• Figure 31: China: Main paper mills in Shandong Province
• Figure 32: Japan: Production of GCC by company, 2004
• Figure 33: Japan: WGCC capacity by company, 2004
• Figure 34: FMT Japan: GCC production by plant, 2003
• Figure 35: Japan: Market for fine ground GCC by end use, 1990 to 2003
• Figure 36: South Korea: Production of GCC by company, 2004
• Figure 37: Turkey: Production of GCC by company, 2004
• Figure 38: World: Consumption of GCC by grinding method and particle size distribution, 2004
• Figure 39: World: Demand for GCC by end use, 2004
• Figure 40: World: Market for fine GCC by region and end use, 2004
• Figure 41: World: GCC demand by region for finer grades, 2004
• Figure 42: World: Demand for fine ground GCC products by end use, 2004
• Figure 43: World: GCC consumption by region, 2004
• Figure 44: Western Europe: Markets for calcium carbonate, 2004
• Figure 45: North America: Markets for GCC, 2004
• Figure 46: Asia: Markets for GCC, 2004
• Figure 47: World production of paper and paperboard, 2003
• Figure 48: World: Production of paper and paperboard by region, 1990 to 2003
• Figure 49 World: Regional consumption of GCC in paper, 2004
• Figure 50: World: End use of PVC by product, 2003
• Figure 51: World: Regional consumption of GCC in plastics, 2004
• Figure 52: Plastics: GCC consumption in Asia by country, 2004
• Figure 53: World: Estimated production of paints and coatings by region and type, 1990 to 2010
• Figure 54: USA: Shipments of coatings, 1985 to 2003
• Figure 55: European Union: Estimated sales of paint by country, 2001
• Figure 56: European Union: Estimated sales of paint by type, 2001
• Figure 57: Japan: Production of paint, 1989 to 2003
• Figure 58: World: Consumption of GCC for paint by region, 2004
• Figure 59: Sealants: Consumption of GCC by region, 2004
• Figure 60: World: Production of natural rubber by main countries, 2003
• Figure 61: European Union: Estimated sales of inks, 2001
• Figure 62: European Union: Estimated sales of inks by type, 2001