燃料電池汽車 - 汽車產業的革命

Abstract

The world automotive industry is about to witness a revolution-a revolution that will be ushered in by fuel cell technology. In the future, we will see light and heavy vehicles powered by eco-friendly efficient energy sources. The fuel cell technology is yet to be introduced in the mass market, but it has been predicted that, in the years to come, this technology will be the most significant long-term source of power for petroleum and emission-free, mass-produced light vehicles, as well as some of the heavy vehicles.

Over a decade, there has been intensive research and development on the fuel cell technology and the researchers are endeavoring to solve the technical hurdles associated with this technology. It is a challenging path ahead for the fuel cell vehicles, as, so far, they have been utilized only as prototypes or demonstration models and are yet to penetrate into the mainstream automotive market. However, a strongly committed and diligent industry of countries like Japan, Australia, and Canada, along with the full-fledged support of their respective governments, is working towards developing and deploying hydrogen-powered vehicles and the related infrastructure.

It has been estimated that commercialization of this technology will render a steep rise in the fuel cell sales from $25 million in 2000 to $450 million in 2005. Fuel cell technology is ideally suited for large-scale and heavy industrial applications. Although fuel cell technology will take some years to be introduced in the market, billions of dollars have been invested by major automakers in the development of fuel cell technology, looking at the increasing demand for fuel-efficient, low-emissions vehicles.

The market research report prepared by RNCOS, titled "Fuel Cell Vehicles - Revolutionizing Automotive Industry" reveals the efforts that are being put globally to overcome the technical and economical hurdles with an aim to change the future of the automotive industry. The report discusses the current scenario of the industry, the government policies and future plans, and the leading energy and automotive companies. This report gives an insight on the manufacturers of key components of fuel cells designed for use in motor vehicles in countries outside the United States as well as the technical progress of companies in the global market.

REPORT HIGHLIGHTS

• Research and Demonstration Projects in different countries till December 2004.
• Major Government-Supported Fuel Cell Vehicle Projects.
• Future Market Value And Share Of The Transportation Market by Fuel Cell technology.
• Estimates of potential market size for fuel cells, 2030.
• Market penetration of fuel cells.
• Investment Trends and Patterns in Japan, Western Europe, Canada, and other countries.
• R&D Expenditures by Companies, 2004.
• Highlights of Report of Japan' s Fuel Cell Commercialization Policy Study Group.
• Highlights of EUCAR' s Proposal on the Future of Automotive and Road Transport R&D in Europe.
• Emerging Players In Fuel Cell Technology.
• Significant Technical And Infrastructure Barriers.
• Product Profiles of Major Automotive players in Fuel Cell Technology.

REPORT FEATURES

The market research report "Fuel Cell Vehicles - Revolutionizing Automotive Industry" will serve as an excellent guide for the automotive companies to make decisions for the future, based on the industry' s market potential. The policymakers as well as those interested in exploring and developing fuel cell vehicles will find this report useful. Chapters 3 discuss the fuel cell technology current status and prospects. Chapter 4 talks about the adoption and deployment of fuel cell technology whereas chapter 5 includes the latest news & developments in the industry. RNCOS identified nearly 18 companies developing light fuel cell vehicles and components. These include nearly all of the world' s major vehicle manufacturers, such as Toyota, DaimlerChrysler, Ford, General Motors, Honda, and Mitsubishi. Chapter 6 provides information about these major vehicle manufacturers.

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

2. Introduction

• 2.1. Public Policy Dimension

3. Fuel Cell Technology - Current Status and Prospects

• 3.1. Basics - Fuel Cells
• 3.2. Overview of Hydrogen Economy, 2040
• 3.3. Global Automotive Sector with Broader Economic Impact
• 3.4. Market Projections, 2020
• 3.5. Technology Barriers
• 3.6. Conclusion

4. Adoption and Deployment of Fuel Cell Technology

• 4.1. Investment Trends and Patterns
  • 4.1.1 Government R&D Investment
  • 4.1.2 Partnerships and Alliances
• 4.2. Japan
  • 4.2.1 Government Support
  • 4.2.2 Producer and Consumer Tax Incentives
  • 4.2.3 Collaborative Government/Industry R&D Projects
  • 4.2.4 Government Procurement
  • 4.2.5 Low-Interest Loans and Direct Subsidies
  • 4.2.6 Exposing Consumers to New Technologies
• 4.3. Western Europe
  • 4.3.1 Government Support
  • 4.3.2 R&D Support
• 4.4. Canada
• 4.5. Other Emerging Players
  • 4.5.1 Republic of Korea
  • 4.5.2 People' s Republic of China
  • 4.5.3 Australia
  • 4.5.4 Singapore
  • 4.5.5 India
  • 4.5.6 Iceland
• 4.6. Conclusion

5. Recent Issues and Current Developments

6. Fuel Cell Vehicle Projects - Key Players

• 6.1. Light-Duty Fuel Cell Vehicles
  • 6.1.1 BMW
  • 6.1.2 Daihatsu
  • 6.1.3 DaimlerChrysler
  • 6.1.4 Delphi Corporation
  • 6.1.5 Fiat S.p.A.
  • 6.1.6 Ford Motor Company
  • 6.1.7 General Motors
  • 6.1.8 Honda
  • 6.1.9 Hyundai Motor Company
  • 6.1.10 Mazda Motor Corporation
  • 6.1.11 Mitsubishi
  • 6.1.12 Nissan Motor Co. Ltd
  • 6.1.13 PSA/Peugeot Citroen
  • 6.1.14 Renault S.A
  • 6.1.15 Suzuki Motor Corporation
  • 6.1.16 Toyota Motor Corporation
  • 6.1.17 AB Volvo
  • 6.1.18 Volkswagen AG
• 6.2. Fuel Cells in Transit Buses
  • 6.2.1 DaimlerChrysler
  • 6.2.2 Irisbus

List of Figures:

• Figure 2-1: Automotive Fuel Cell Patent Family Activity (1983-2001)
• Figure 2-2: US - All Grades all Formulations Retail Gasoline Price ($ per Gallon), 1999, 2001 & 2005-2007
• Figure 2-3: Consumer Automotive Buying Preferences (%), 1987, 1996, 1998, 2000 & 2001
• Figure 2-4: Actual and Projected Motor Vehicle Petroleum Use, 2020
• Figure 2-5: Relative Fuel Economies for Advanced Vehicle Technologies
• Figure 3-1: Structure of an Individual Fuel Cell
• Figure 3-2: US - Share of Selected Industries in Foreign, Overseas and Company-funded Industrial R&D (%), 2004
• Figure 3-3: US - Gross Domestic Product by Major Function (%), 2004
• Figure 3-4: Worldwide Vehicle Registrations (Billion of Vehicles), 1996 & 2050
• Figure 3-5: Market Size for Fuel Cells in Transportation Market (%), 2010 & 2020
• Figure 3-6: Total Number of Fuel Cell Vehicles (%), 2010 & 2030
• Figure 3-7: Preliminary Market Penetrations for Light Vehicles (%), 2000-2030
• Figure 3-8: Hydrogen Storage Patent Family Activity (Number of Patent Families), 1983-2001
• Figure 4-1: National Government Fuel Cell R&D ($ Million), 2004
• Figure 4-2: Civilian Joint Fuel Cell R&D Programs (Vehicle and Stationary uses in $ Million), 2004
• Figure 4-3: Japan - Vehicle Makers' R&D Investment ($ Billion and %), 1993-2004
• Figure 4-4: Japan - Vehicle Company R&D Expenditures (Billion of Yen), 1991-2000
• Figure 4-5: Japan - R&D Expenditures by Company, 2000
• Figure 4-6: Japan - Government Fuel Cell R&D Expenditures (Million of Yen), 1997-2004
• Figure 4-7: R&D as a Percentage of GDP (G8 Countries), 2003
• Figure 4-8: R&D Expenditures by Companies (%), 2004
• Figure 4-9: European Union - Fuel Cell Funds Segmentation (%)
• Figure 4-10: Europe - Approximate Fuel Cell R&D Funding ($ Million), 2003
• Figure 4-11: France - Market Share of Top 5 Automotive Groups (Number of Registrations - Passenger Cars + Light Commercial Vehicles) in Percentage, 2004

List of Tables:

• Table 3-1: Overview of the Transition to the Hydrogen Economy (2000, 2010, 2020, 2030 & 2040)
• Table 3-2: World' s Largest Multinational Motor Vehicle Companies (Billion US $ and Number of Employees), 2004
• Table 3-3: Deployment Barriers Faced by Fuel Cell Vehicle Technologies
• Table 4-1: Freedom CAR Technical Goals, 2010
• Table 4-2: Europe - Highlights of EUCAR' s Proposal on the Future of Automotive and Road Transport R&D
• Table 6-1: BMW Groups - Sales for Automobiles (2000-2004)
• Table 6-2: Dahitasu - Annual Sales Indices, 2004
• Table 6-3: Dahitasu - Annual Turnover Indices (in Million), 2002-2004
• Table 6-4: DaimlerChrysler - Annual Sales Indices, 2004
• Table 6-5: DaimlerChrysler - Annual Turnover Indices (in Million), 2002-2004
• Table 6-6: Delphi - Annual Sales Indices, 2004
• Table 6-7: Delphi - Annual Turnover Indices (in Million), 2002-2004
• Table 6-8: Fiat - Annual Sales Indices, 2004
• Table 6-9: Fiat - Annual Turnover Indices (in Million), 2002-2004
• Table 6-10: Ford - Annual Sales Indices, 2004
• Table 6-11: Ford - Annual Turnover Indices (in Million), 2002-2004
• Table 6-12: General Motors - Annual Sales Indices, 2004
• Table 6-13: General Motors - Annual Turnover Indices (in Million), 2002-2004
• Table 6-14: Honda - Annual Sales Indices, 2004
• Table 6-15: Honda - Annual Turnover Indices (in Million), 2002-2004
• Table 6-16: Hyundai - Annual Sales Indices, 2004
• Table 6-17: Hyundai - Annual Turnover Indices (in Million), 2002-2004
• Table 6-18: Mazda Motor Corporation - Annual Sales Indices, 2004
• Table 6-19: Mazda Motor Corporation - Annual Turnover Indices (in Million), 2002-2004
• Table 6-20: Mitsubishi - Annual Sales Indices, 2004
• Table 6-21: Mitsubishi - Annual Turnover Indices (in Million), 2002-2004
• Table 6-22: Nissan - Annual Sales Indices, 2004
• Table 6-23: Nissan - Annual Turnover Indices (in Million), 2002-2004
• Table 6-24: Peugeot Citroen - Annual Turnover Indices (in Million), 2002-2004
• Table 6-25: Renault - Annual Sales Indices, 2004
• Table 6-26: Renault - Annual Turnover Indices (in Million), 2002-2004
• Table 6-27: Suzuki - Annual Sales Indices, 2004
• Table 6-28: Suzuki - Annual Turnover Indices (in Million), 2002-2004
• Table 6-29: Toyota - Annual Sales Indices, 2004
• Table 6-30: Toyota - Annual Turnover Indices (in Million), 2002-2004
• Table 6-31: Volvo - Annual Sales Indices, 2004
• Table 6-32: Volvo - Annual Turnover Indices (in Million), 2002-2004
• Table 6-33: Volkswagen - Annual Sales Indices, 2004
• Table 6-34: Volkswagen - Annual Turnover Indices (in Million), 2002-2004