免疫調整劑：治療需求、產品線藥及未來發展趨勢

Abstract

The modulation of immune system activity is a required pharmacological intervention for many medical conditions, bearing particular importance in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and allergies and transplant procedures. With traditional immunomodulatory drugs continuing to exhibit limited efficacy and adverse side effects, the drive to develop new, improved, and specifically targeted immunotherapies has been gaining momentum. ' Immunomodulators: Therapeutic Needs, Pipelines & Prospects' is a new report published by Business Insights that provides a detailed examination of the current market for immunomodulatory therapies. The strategies and technologies used in immunomodulation are analysed and the major clinical applications of immunomodulators are reviewed to identify the leading drug classes and most promising agents currently in development. This report will also investigate patient metrics and provide market forecasts for immunomodulators to 2011.

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

• Modulating the immune system
• Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disorders
• Infectious disease
• Cancer
• Transplantation
• Market Considerations and Forecasts
• Trends and Opportunities

Chapter 1 Modulating the immune system

• Summary
• Introduction
• Overview of the human immune system
• Innate (non-specific) immunity
  • Cytokines: the chemical messengers
  • Lipid mediators of inflammation
  • Phagocytic and natural killer cells
  • Complement system
  • Inflammatory and acute phase responses
• Adaptive (specific) immunity
  • B and T lymphocytes
  • Antigen-presenting cells
• Biopharmaceuticals as immunomodulators
• Delivery of biopharmaceuticals
• Regulatory requirements (US)
• Scope of this Report

Chapter 2 Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disorders

• Summary
• Introduction
• The role of T cells in autoimmune diseases and allergies
• Current therapies
• Glucocorticoids
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
• Nitric oxide (NO)-releasing NSAIDs
• Therapies targeting proinflammatory cytokines
• B cell-targeted therapeutics
• Other therapies
• Current drug targets
• GPCRs
  • Chemokine receptors
  • LTB4 receptor
  • S1P1 receptor
• Leukocyte surface antigens
• Cytokines and their receptors
  • IL-1 and receptors
  • Other ILs and receptors
  • TNF proteins and receptors
  • BlyS (BAFF) and APRIL
  • Interferons
  • Other cytokines
• Kinases
• Other targets
• Immunomodulators in clinical development (US)
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Psoriasis
• Multiple sclerosis
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Systemic lupus erythematosus
• Asthma and allergic rhinitis
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Cardiovascular disease

Chapter 3 Infectious Disease

• Summary
• Introduction
• Types of vaccines
• Combination vaccines
• Viruses
• Influenza
  • New vaccines
• HIV
  • New vaccines
  • Other immunotherapies
• Hepatitis viruses
  • New vaccines
  • Other immunotherapies
• Herpes simplex viruses
  • New vaccines
• RSV
  • New vaccines and immunotherapies
• Bacteria, fungi and parasites
• New vaccines
• Other immuotherapies

Chapter 4 Cancer

• Summary
• Overview of Cancer
• Tumor immunity
• Treatment of cancer
• Overview of immunotherapies
• Small molecule immunomodulators
• Cytokines
• Monoclonal antibodies
• Recent trends
• Prophylactic vaccines
• Therapeutic vaccines
  • Tumor antigens targeted by vaccines
  • Antigen/adjuvant vaccines
  • Whole cell vaccines
  • Dendritic cell vaccines
  • Idiotype vaccines
  • Genetically-engineered vaccines
• Immunostimulatory sequences
• Adoptive T cell immunity

Chapter 5 Transplantation

• Summary
• Introduction to organ transplantation
• Rejection mechanisms
• Prevention of rejection
• Small molecule immunosuppressants
• Calcineurin inhibitors
• Anti-proliferatives
• Glucocorticoids
• mTOR inhibitors
• Novel small molecule drugs
• Induction therapy with T cell antibodies
• Polyclonal antibodies
• Monoclonal antibodies and fusion proteins
• Co-stimulatory blockers
• New approaches to prevention of GVHD

Chapter 6 Market Considerations and Forecasts

• Summary
• Introduction
• Overview of the AIID Market
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Multiple sclerosis
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Systemic lupus erythematosus
• Psoriasis
• Asthma and allergic rhinitis
• Overview of the Viral Infectious Disease Market
• Influenza
• HIV
• Hepatitis viruses
• Herpes simplex viruses
• RSV
• Overview of the Cancer Market
• Cytokines
• Monoclonal antibodies
• Prophylactic vaccines
• Therapeutic vaccines
• Overview of the Transplantation Market
• Quantitative Market Analysis
• The global pharmaceutical market
• The global immunomodulator market
• Immunosuppression in AIID and allergies
• Vaccines for viral pathogens
• Vaccines for cancer
• Monoclonal antibodies for cancer
• Recombinant interferons
• Transplantation medicine
• Geographical analysis

Chapter 7 Trends and Opportunities

• Summary
• Preclinical immunomodulator programs
• Trends in vaccines
• Trends in monoclonal antibodies
• Future players in immunomodulation
• Immunomodulators Patent Survey
• Patenting Activity
• Leading assignees
• Patent citation analysis

Appendix

• Research Methodology
• Index

List of Figures

• Figure 7.1: Immunomodulators - Drug origins

List of Tables

• Table 1.1: Immunomodulators Summary
• Table 1.2: Indications by Category and Within-Category Count
• Table 1.3: Recent Immunomodulator Deals
• Table 2.4: Immunomodulators in US Clinical Development (Rheumatoid Arthritis)
• Table 2.5: Immunomodulators in US Clinical Development (Psoriasis)
• Table 2.6: Immunomodulators in US Clinical Development (Multiple Sclerosis)
• Table 2.7: Immunomodulators in US Clinical Development (Crohn' s Disease)
• Table 2.8: Immunomodulators in US Clinical Development (Ulcerative Colitis)
• Table 2.9: Immunomodulators in US Clinical Development (SLE)
• Table 2.10: Immunomodulators in US Clinical Development (Asthma)
• Table 2.11: Immunomodulators in US Clinical Development (Allergic Rhinitis)
• Table 2.12: Immunomodulators in US Clinical Development (COPD)
• Table 2.13: Immunomodulators in US Clinical Development (General Inflammation)
• Table 2.14: Immunomodulators in US Clinical Development (Autoimmune Disorders)
• Table 3.15: Immunomodulators in US Clinical Development (Influenza)
• Table 3.16: Immunomodulators in US Clinical Development (HIV)
• Table 3.17: Immunomodulators in US Clinical Development (Viral Hepatitis)
• Table 3.18: Immunomodulators in US Clinical Development (Herpes simplex)
• Table 3.19: Immunomodulators in US Clinical Development (Other Viruses)
• Table 3.20: Immunomodulators in US Clinical Development (Bacteria, Fungi, and Parasites)
• Table 4.21: Immunomodulators in US Clinical Development (Breast cancer)
• Table 4.22: Immunomodulators in US Clinical Development (Prostate cancer)
• Table 4.23: Immunomodulators in US Clinical Development (Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer)
• Table 4.24: Immunomodulators in US Clinical Development (Ovarian cancer)
• Table 4.25: Immunomodulators in US Clinical Development (Malignant melanoma)
• Table 4.26: Immunomodulators in US Clinical Development (Head and neck cancer)
• Table 4.27: Immunomodulators in US Clinical Development (Pancreatic cancer)
• Table 4.28: Immunomodulators in US Clinical Development (Renal cancer)
• Table 4.29: Immunomodulators in US Clinical Development (Solid tumours)
• Table 4.30: Immunomodulators in US Clinical Development (Lymphoma)
• Table 4.31: Immunomodulators in US Clinical Development (Non-Hodgkin' s Lymphoma)
• Table 4.32: Immunomodulators in US Clinical Development (Multiple myeloma)
• Table 4.33: Immunomodulators in US Clinical Development (General Cancer)
• Table 4.34: Immunomodulators in US Clinical Development (Colorectal cancer)
• Table 4.35: Immunomodulators in US Clinical Development (Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia)
• Table 4.36: Glossary - Immunomodulators in US Clinical Development
• Table 5.37: Immunomodulators in US Clinical Development (Transplantation)
• Table 6.38: World Population Data (2006)
• Table 6.39: Inflammatory Disease Prevalences and Incidences (2006)
• Table 6.40: Inflammatory Disease Summary (2006)
• Table 6.41: World AIDS Statistics (2006)
• Table 6.42: World Annual Cancer Incidence by Site (2002)
• Table 6.43: Trends in cancer incidence, 1975-2000
• Table 6.44: World Cancer Statistics (2002)
• Table 6.45: World Pharma Market by Therapeutic Category, 2006-2011
• Table 6.46: World Pharma Market by Region, 2006-2011
• Table 6.47: Immunomodulator Analysis by Therapy Type (2006-2011)
• Table 6.48: Immunomodulator Analysis by Indication (2006-2011)
• Table 6.49: World Immunomodulator Market by Region, 2006-2011
• Table 7.50: Preclinical Immunomodulators by Indication
• Table 7.51: Preclinical Vaccines: Therapy Types
• Table 7.52: Preclinical Vaccines: Top Indications
• Table 7.53: Monoclonal antibodies in preclinical development
• Table 7.54: Preclinical Immunomodulators: Top Originators
• Table 7.55: Preclinical Vaccines: Top Originators
• Table 7.56: Immunomodulator Patent Survey: Category Definitions
• Table 7.57: Summary of Patents by Segment
• Table 7.58: US Immunomodulator Patents: Filing and Publication Activity, 1992-2007 (All Patents)
• Table 7.59: US Immunomodulator Patents: Filing and Publication Activity, 1992-2007 (Autoimmunity)
• Table 7.60: US Immunomodulator Patents: Filing and Publication Activity, 1992-2007 (Allergy)
• Table 7.61: US Immunomodulator Patents: Filing and Publication Activity, 1992-2007 (General Immunotherapy)
• Table 7.62: US Immunomodulator Patents: Filing and Publication Activity, 1992-2007 (Transplantation)
• Table 7.63: US Immunomodulator Patents: Filing and Publication Activity, 1992-2007 (Vaccines)
• Table 7.64: US Immunomodulator Patents: Assignee Summary
• Table 7.65: US Immunomodulator Patents: Top Assignees
• Table 7.66: US Immunomodulator Patents: Most Frequenty Cited Organizations
• Table 7.67: Top-Cited Immunomodulator Patents, Entire Data Set (US Filings, 1992-2007)