Abstract
This report introduces managers, investors and technical specialists to mobile cellular communications technologies for voice and data.
Key points include:
- We provide detailed, independent, descriptions and analysis of the major 2G, 2.5G, 2.75G and 3G technologies, including GSM, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS WCDMA, HSDPA, HSUPA, CDMA2000 and EV-DO.
- We also discuss SIMs, the IP Media Subsystem (IMS), VoIP, Push-to-Talk over Cellular (PoC), mobile device operating systems, femtocell ‘home-base-stations' , Fixed-Mobile Convergence (FMC) and the emerging 4G technologies known as UMTS Long Term Evolution (LTE) and CDMA2000 Ultra Mobile Broadband (UWB).
- The prospects of UMTS developing not just to dominate its direct competitor CDMA2000, but to prevail over mobile and perhaps fixed WiMAX is also covered.
Table of Contents
1. 2G MOBILE SYSTEMS
- 1.1 Introduction, History and Terminology
- 1.1.1 Mobile cellular defined
- 1.1.2 1G to 4G and beyond
- 1.1.3 1G history
- 1.1.4 Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)
- 1.1.5 Terminology and early 2G systems
- 1.2 IS-136 TDMA
- 1.2.1 800MHz and 1.9GHz
- 1.2.2 Traffic channels for voice and control
- 1.2.3 Digital Control Channels (DCCH)
- 1.2.4 IS-136 future
- 1.3 IS-95, CDMA
- 1.3.1 Spread spectrum to share radio resources
- 1.3.2 Forward Error Correction (FEC)
- 1.3.3 Compatibility with AMPS
- 1.3.4 Simultaneous transmission and reception
- 1.3.5 CDMA IS-95A/B features
- 1.4 GSM
- 1.4.1 Frequencies
- 1.4.2 Gaussian-filtered Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) modulation
- 1.4.3 Time and Frequency Division Multiplexing (TDMA and FDMA)
- 1.4.4 Hearing aid compatibility
- 1.4.5 Timing and power control
- 1.4.6 Distance limits
- 1.4.7 Voice compression
- 1.4.8 Modulation and interleaving
- 1.4.9 Frequency hopping
2. 2G - MOBILE DATA SYSTEMS
- 2.1 GSM SIMS
- 2.1.1 Encryption and SIMs
- 2.1.2 Emissions and safety
- 2.1.3 GSM standards development
- 2.2 GSM, GPRS, EDGE and WCDMA system architecture
- 2.2.1 GSM voice only
- 2.2.2 GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN)
- 2.2.3 UMTS Radio Access Network (UTRAN)
- 2.3 SMS text messaging
- 2.3.1 In-band messaging
- 2.3.2 Message length limitations
- 2.3.3 Addressing and interoperability
- 2.3.4 Spam prevention
- 2.3.5 SMS as a basis for other services
- 2.4 Enhancements to GSM
- 2.4.1 CAMEL
- 2.4.2 CSD and HSCSD
3. 2.5G - MMS, WAP, GPRS, SAIC & EDGE
- 3.1 MMS Messaging and Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
- 3.1.1 Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS)
- 3.1.2 Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
- 3.1.3 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
- 3.2 Single Antenna Interference Cancellation (SAIC)
- 3.2.1 Joint Demodulation (JD)
- 3.2.2 Synchronising base-stations
- 3.2.3 Overall benefits of SAIC
- 3.3 Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE)
- 3.3.1 Enhancement to GSM
- 3.3.2 Path to 3G
- 3.3.3 Upgrade from IS-136
- 3.3.4 EDGE Compact and Classic
- 3.3.5 New modulation schemes
- 3.3.6 Reframing Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) and reframing
- 3.3.7 Incremental reception
- 3.3.8 Quality of Service (QoS)
4. 3G SYSTEMS
- 4.1 3G Technologies, spreading and scrambling
- 4.1.1 3G background
- 4.1.2 3G technologies
- 4.1.3 Spreading and scrambling
- 4.2 3G UMTS, WCDMA and LTE
- 4.2.1 UMTS WCDMA
- 4.2.2 High Speed Packet Access (HSPA)
- 4.2.3 New SIM functions
- 4.2.4 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE)
- 4.2.5 Systems Architecture Evolution (SAE)
- 4.2.6 UMTS vs CDMA2000 and WiMAX
- 4.3 3G CDMA2000, EV-DO, UMB & IMS
- 4.3.1 CDMA2000
- 4.3.2 4G Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB)
- 4.3.3 Open Mobile Alliance (OMA)
- 4.3.4 IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)
- 4.3.5 Push-to-Talk over Cellular (PoC)
- 4.3.6 Mobile operating systems
5. FMC, UMA, GAN AND FEMTOCELLS
- 5.1 Fixed-Mobile Convergence (FMC), UMA and GAN
- 5.1.1 Overview of UMA and GAN
- 5.1.2 Choice of local wireless technology
- 5.2 UMA/GAN standards
- 5.2.1 IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) and Session Initiated Protocol (SIP)
- 5.2.2 3GPP' s GAN standard
- 5.3 Alternative base-station strategies
- 5.3.1 Macro-nodes
- 5.3.2 Micro-nodes
- 5.3.3 Pico-nodes
- 5.3.4 Distributed antenna systems
- 5.3.5 Repeaters
- 5.3.6 Base-station synchronisation
- 5.3.7 Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) duplexers
- 5.4 Femtocells - home base-stations
- 5.4.2 Picochip.com' s CPU array chips
- 5.4.3 UMA/GAN for femto nodes
6. DIGITAL BROADCASTING - MOBILE TV
- 6.1 Broadcasting to handheld devices
- 6.1.1 3G Networks unsuitable
- 6.1.2 Mobile broadcasting requirements
- 6.1.3 Digital Video Broadcasting-Handheld (DVB-H)
- 6.1.4 Terrestrial Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (T-DMB)
- 6.1.5 MobaHo (MBSAT) CDM direct broadcast satellite
- 6.1.6 South Korean S-DMB
- 6.1.7 MediaFLO
- 6.1.8 Mobile WiMAX 802.16e
- 6.2 Comparing the major technologies
- 6.2.1 T-DMB vs DVB-H and MediaFLO
- 6.2.2 Frequency diversity
- 6.2.3 Frequency domain power reduction
- 6.2.4 Time domain power reduction
- 6.2.5 Time Diversity vs Tune-in Time
- 6.2.6 Channels per Megahertz
7. AUDIO VISUAL CODING - MPEG
- 7.1 MPEG 1 and MP3
- 7.1.1 Introduction
- 7.1.2 Data compression and ‘coding'
- 7.1.3 MPEG-1
- 7.1.4 MPEG-1 Audio Layers I and II
- 7.1.5 MPEG-I Audio Layer III (MP3)
- 7.1.6 Other lossy audio compression standards
- 7.2 MPEG 2 AAC and Video
- 7.2.1 Introduction
- 7.2.2 MPEG-2 Transport Stream
- 7.2.3 MPEG-2 audio compression
- 7.2.4 MPEG-2/4 Advanced Audio Coding (AAC)
- 7.2.5 MPEG-4 Parametric Audio Coding - HILN
- 7.2.6 MPEG-2 video compression
- 7.3 MPEG 4 Video and VRML
- 7.3.1 Introduction
- 7.3.2 MPEG-4 Video and multimedia compression
- 7.3.3 Advanced Video Coding - H.264/AVC
- 7.3.4 Interactive and VRML elements
- 7.3.5 MPEG-7 metadata
- 7.3.6 MPEG-21 Digital Rights Management
8. GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS
- Exhibit 1 - GSM radio frequencies
- Exhibit 2 - Maximum receiver velocities for DVB-H
- Exhibit 3 - H.264/AVC Levels
