英國學生的生活模式：2008年

Abstract

New funding arrangements for higher education came into force in the autumn 2006.

These changes mean that:

• Students now pay higher tuition fees than before (typically just over £3,000 per academic year).
• The fees are paid for after graduation rather than at the beginning of each academic year as previously.
• Academic institutions are having to work harder than ever to ' sell' their courses to students and to ensure that concerns over higher fees do not cause student numbers to drop.
• The role of students as consumers of education - and of universities as businesses catering for them - is more sharply defined than it was in the past.

• Students were already aware of the ' business-consumer' relationship with their universities.
• They were philosophical about the prospect of debt after they graduated, which in itself did not impinge on their spending while they were studying.

• What can universities do to maximise student satisfaction?
• How can financial institutions help students to manage their money effectively?
• In what ways can companies best cater for the needs of students - with particular emphasis on the following sectors:
• Food and grocery shopping
• Clothes, toiletries, make-up
• Technology
• Leisure

Table of Contents

• Issues in the Market
• Qualitative
• Online quantitative
• TGI data
• Abbreviations
• Insights and Opportunities
• Keeping in league
• School links need to be forged
• Open minds at Open Days
• Location, location, location
• Contact time: Students do the sums
• Communication is the key
• Bringing the outside in
• Choosing where to live -- the importance of a happy environment
• Communicate or else...
• Personal finance training works best when it' s really needed
• Banks should encourage students to spend responsibly
• Tapping in to the student computer market
• Students are the family food shoppers of tomorrow
• Gaining the loyalty of students -- and their parents
• Shop-starved students love looking at clothes
• Outside the box: new ways of targeting the fashion-conscious student
• Holidays and work abroad can fill the gap for students
• Leisure providers should target second-years
• Catering for the needs of sporty female students
• Fast Forward Trends
• Trend 1 -- Finance in Flux
• What it' s about
• Observations
• What next?
• Trend 2 -- Boomerang Generation
• What' s it about?
• Observations
• What' s next
• Lifestyle Sector in Brief
• Messages for universities
• Beyond the academic bubble
• Contact and communication count
• Messages for business
• Responsible marketing is essential for student finance
• ' My laptop is my life' -- maximising value from computer dependency
• Food retailers should nurture tomorrow' s family food shoppers
• Fashion outlets in university towns have an eager market
• How travel companies can deal with gap year disenchantment
• Helping students enjoy social nights in -- and out
• Making sport work -- especially for female students
• Student Demographics
• Key points
• Are higher tuition fees discouraging students?
• SEC remains a thorny issue
• Students as Consumers: Getting There
• Key points
• Making the Decision: Why University?
• Inertia still reigns -- but career prospects are a growing focus
• Making the Decision: Why this University?
• Students are becoming astute consumers
• Students as Consumers: Do Their Universities Deliver?
• Key points
• Course organisation
• Teaching
• Electronic resources
• Academic facilities
• Contact time
• Student living
• Accommodation
• When the going gets tough...
• Making Money Go Round: The Cost of Student Life
• Key points
• Money management: how it all adds up
• Student loan
• Parental help
• Grants
• Paid employment
• Help from banks
• Borrowing
• Saving
• How much do they need to live on?
• How easy is it to budget?
• The effect of tuition fees
• Student Spending: Course Expenses
• Key points
• ' My laptop is my life: a computer is essential...
• The prohibitive cost of books
• A little light reading...
• Student Spending: Food and Grocery Shopping
• Key points
• Shopping for food: how much do they spend?
• Shopping for food: Getting it home
• Cooking and eating: A healthy appetite?
• Student Spending: Looking Good
• Key points
• Fashion matters to female students
• Fancy dress and second-hand
• Clothes, toiletries and cosmetics -- who pays?
• Student Spending: Travel and Transport
• Key points
• Have wheels, will travel?
• Term-time travel
• Is the gap year now a cliché?
• Student Spending: Staying in, or a Good Night Out
• Key points
• Town or gown -- social facilities on and off campus
• Constraints on student social life
• How much do they spend on going out?
• Drinking and smoking
• Are pubs suffering from the rise of pre-drinking?
• Fewer student smokers
• A touch of culture...
• University clubs and societies
• ' We make our own fun' : Students and staying in
• Entertainment technology
• Entertainment-related purchases
• Keeping in touch
• Student Spending: Sporting Life
• Key points
• Sporty students
• University sports facilities
• Next Steps: Future Priorities and Plans
• Career ambitions clouded by uncertainty
• Salary expectations
• Saddled with debt
• Future optimism?
• Forecast
• Key points
• Participation to grow across the board
  • Figure 1: Male students in higher education* in the UK, by type of course, 2006/07-2012/13
  • Figure 2: Female students in higher education* in the UK,by type of course, 2006/07-2012/13
• Undergraduate numbers to rise...
  • Figure 3: Numbers of full-time undergraduates, 2006/07-2012/13
• ...as will proportion of women
  • Figure 4: Males and females as % of full-time undergraduates, 2006/07-2012/13
• Factors used in the forecast
• Appendix: Student Demographics
  • Figure 5: Students in higher education:1 by type of course and sex, 1970/71-2005/06
  • Figure 6: Numbers of full-time undergraduates, 1970/71-2005/06
  • Figure 7: Males and females as % of full-time undergraduates, 1970/71-2005/06
  • Figure 8: Higher education initial participation rate (heipr)1 for english domiciled first-time participants in higher education courses at uk higher education institutions, 1999/00-2006/07
  • Figure 9: Total number of university applicants by 24 March, by entry cycle and gender, 2007 and 2008
  • Figure 10: Total number of uk-based university applicants aged 18 and under, by entry cycle and socio-economic classification, 2007 and 2008
• Appendix: Students as Consumers: Getting There
  • Figure 11: Reasons for choosing current university, 2006
• Appendix: Students as Consumers: Do Their Universities Deliver?
  • Figure 12: Student satisfaction, 2007
  • Figure 13: Worst aspects of university life, 2007
  • Figure 14: Agreement/disagreement that ' i worry a lot about myself' , students and non-students, 2007
  • Figure 15: Agreement/disagreement that ' i worry about work in my leisure time' , students and non-students, 2007
• Appendix: Making Money Go Round: The Cost of Student Life
  • Figure 16: Parental contributions, 2007
  • Figure 17: Ownership of credit cards and store cards, students and non-students, 2007
  • Figure 18: Credit card ownership, 2003-07
  • Figure 19: Ownership of savings account and isas, students and non-students, 2007
  • Figure 20: Student indebtedness, 2007
  • Figure 21: Average student expenditure, 2007
  • Figure 22: Expenditure items in the past week -- students by gender, May 2008
  • Figure 23: Agreement/disagreement that ' I am very good at managing money' , students and non-students, 2005-07
  • Figure 24: Agreement/disagreement that ' I am no good at saving money' , students and non-students, 2007
  • Figure 25: Agreement/disagreement that ' i tend to spend money without thinking' , students and non-students, 2007
  • Figure 26: Agreement/disagreement that ' i am perfectly happy with my standard of living' , students and non-students, 2007
  • Figure 27: Student attitudes to finance, 2005 and 2007
• Appendix: Student Spending: Course Expenses
  • Figure 28: Those with their own computer/printer at university with them -- students by gender, university year and type of university, May 2008
  • Figure 29: Who paid for own computer at university -- students by gender, university year and type of university, May 2008
  • Figure 30: Spending on hardback and paperback books in the last 12 months, students and non-students, 2007
  • Figure 31: Purchasing of paperback and hardback books in the last 12 months, students and non-students, 1998-2007
  • Figure 32: Purchasers of newspapers, magazines and books in the past week -- students by gender, university year and type of university, May 2008
• Appendix: Student Spending: Food and Grocery Shopping
  • Figure 33: Methods of grocery shopping -- students by gender, university year and type of university, May 2008
  • Figure 34: Agreement/disagreement that ' i really enjoy cooking' , students and non-students, 2007
  • Figure 35: Attitudes to cooking -- students 2005 and 2007
  • Figure 36: Knowledge of cooking -- students by gender, university year and type of university, May 2008
  • Figure 37: Reliance on convenience foods -- students by gender, university year and type of university, May 2008
  • Figure 38: Healthy or unhealthy diets -- students by gender, university year and type of university, May 2008
• Appendix: Student Spending: Looking Good
  • Figure 39: Agreement/disagreement that ' i like to keep up with the latest fashions' , students and non-students, 2007
  • Figure 40: Agreement/disagreement that ' it is important to me to look well dressed' , students and non-students, 2007
  • Figure 41: Agreement/disagreement that ' i really enjoy shopping for clothes' , students and non-students, 2007
  • Figure 42: Clothes buying habits and attitudes -- students by gender, university year and type of university, May 2008
  • Figure 43: Opinion of clothes shops in university town, and use of student discounts -- students by university region, May 2008
  • Figure 44: Purchasers of clothes and shoes in the past week -- students by gender, university year and type of university, May 2008
  • Figure 45: Purchasers of clothes and shoes in the past week -- students by university region, May 2008
  • Figure 46: Second-hand and fancy dress clothes shopping -- students by gender, university year and type of university, May 2008
  • Figure 47: Agreement/disagreement that ' i spend a lot on clothes' , students and non-students, 2007
  • Figure 48: Agreement/disagreement that ' i spend a lot on toiletries and cosmetics for personal use' , students and non-students, 2007
  • Figure 49: Parental purchasing of clothes and toiletries -- students by gender, university year and type of university, May 2008
  • Figure 50: Purchasers of toiletries and make-up in the past week -- students by gender, university year and type of university, May 2008
• Appendix: Student Spending: Travel and Transport
  • Figure 51: Driving licence ownership, students and non-students, 2007
  • Figure 52: Full driving licence ownership, students and non-students, 2003-2007
  • Figure 53: Car and bicycle ownership, students and non-students, 2007
  • Figure 54: Car ownership, students and non-students, 2003--2007
  • Figure 55: Those who have a car at university with them -- students by gender, university year, type of university and university region, May 2008
  • Figure 56: Term-time travel -- students by gender, university year, and type of university, May 2008
  • Figure 57: Gap year attitudes and behaviour -- students by gender, university year and type of university, May 2008
• Appendix: Student Spending: Staying in, or a Good Night Out
  • Figure 58: Opinion of social facilities on and off campus -- students by gender, university year and type of university, May 2008
  • Figure 59: Opinion of social facilities on and off campus -- students by university region, May 2008
  • Figure 60: Reasons for not going out as often as wished-- students by gender, university year and type of university, May 2008
  • Figure 61: Frequency of pub drinking, daytime, students and non-students, 2007-08
  • Figure 62: Frequency of pub drinking, evening, students and non-students, 2007
  • Figure 64: Those who often drink alcohol at home before going out for an evening-- students by gender, university year and type of university, May 2008
  • Figure 65: Purchasers of alcohol (off-trade) in the past week -- students by gender, university year and type of university, May 2008
  • Figure 66: Cigarette smoking, students and non-students, 2007
  • Figure 67: Those trying to give up smoking, students and non-students, 2007
  • Figure 68: Cigarette smokers -- students and non-students, 1998-2007
  • Figure 69: Agreement/disagreement that ' i consider myself interested in the arts' , students and non-students, 2007
  • Figure 70: Cultural activities in past year, students and non-students, 2007
  • Figure 71: Agreement/disagreement that ' i am a regular cinema-goer' , students and non-students, 2007
  • Figure 72: Those who regularly take part in the activities of university clubs and society -- students by gender, university year and type of university, May 2008
  • Figure 73: Those who often spend social evenings in with friends -- students by gender, university year and type of university, May 2008
  • Figure 74: Online viewing habits -- students by gender, university year and type of university, May 2008
  • Figure 75: Offline tv viewing habits -- students by gender, university year and type of university, May 2008
  • Figure 76: Downloading music-- students by gender, university year and type of university, May 2008
  • Figure 77: Ownership of MP3 player, students and non-students, 2005 and 2007
  • Figure 78: Purchasers of dvds, CDs, music downloads, in the past week -- students by gender, university year and type of university, May 2008
  • Figure 79: Mobile phone ownership, students and non-students, 2007
  • Figure 80: Type of mobile phone contract, male and female students, 2003-07
• Appendix: Student Spending: Sporting Life
  • Figure 81: Agreement/disagreement that ' i do some form of sport or exercise at least once a week' , students and non-students, 2007
  • Figure 82: Those definitely agreeing that ' i do some form of sport or exercise at least once a week' , students and non-students, 2003-07
  • Figure 83: Those participating in any individual or team sports, students and non-students, 2007
  • Figure 84: Opinion of, and use of, university sports facilities -- students by gender, university year and type of university, May 2008
• Appendix: Next Steps: Future Priorities and Plans
  • Figure 85: Agreement/disagreement that ' i want to get to the very top in my career' , students and non-students, 2007
  • Figure 86: Those who ' definitely agree' that ' i want to get to the very top in my career' , students and non-students, 2005-07
  • Figure 87: Salary band of uk-domiciled full-time graduages in full-time employment, by qualification level, 2006
  • Figure 88: Type of occupation of employed uk-domiciled graduates, by qualification level, 2006
  • Figure 89: Those definitely agreeing that ' i don' t like the idea of being in debt' -- students, 2003-07
  • Figure 90: Average student debt, 2007
  • Figure 91: Agreement/disagreement that ' i like to enjoy life and don' t worry about the future' -- students and non-students, 2007
  • Figure 92: Those agreeing that ' I like to enjoy life and don' t worry about the future' -- students and non-students, 1998-2007