英國食品零售業

Abstract

The food sector is the largest in UK retail. It is also one of the most competitive and controversial due to the concentration of power into the hands of only three or four players. The small store lobby is well organised and vocal and is proving a considerable thorn in the side of the big players.

In recent years, consumers have been trading up, but supply issues are leading to rising commodity and food prices, and this coupled with the recent banking crisis, could prompt price to move back up the agenda. Consumers are becoming more concerned with quality and provenance and locally sourced product is becoming big business. This also benefits the environment by cutting down on food miles, which ties in with the persisting obsession with green and ethical issues such as Fair Trade.

Table of Contents

• Issues in the Market
• Main themes
• Abbreviations
• Market in Brief
• The future
• Spending on food
• Consumer -- Green and ethical issues
• Shopping patterns -- Convenience is king
• Leading retailers
• Internal Market Environment
• Discounting
  • Figure 1: UK: Consumer Price Index: All goods and food, 1996-2006
  • Figure 2: UK: Consumer Price Index: All goods, food and beverages, January 2006-September 2007
• The health trend
• Premiumisation
• The competitive landscape
• Local focus
• Growth ahead
• Online
• The caring retailer?
• Green and ethical
• ...or big and bad?
• The Competition Commission Preliminary Report
• Broader Market Environment
• Population trends
• Growing, greying population
  • Figure 3: UK: Population trends, 2002-12
  • Figure 4: UK: Population trends, by age band, 2002-12
  • Figure 5: UK: Population, by age band, 2002, 2007 and 2012
• Living alone
  • Figure 6: UK: Percentage change of household size, 2002-12
• Population implications for the grocery market
• The consumer
• Increasingly affluent
  • Figure 7: UK population, by socio-economic group, 2002 and 2012
• PDI continues to rise
  • Figure 8: PDI and consumer expenditure, at current and constant 2002 prices, 2002-12
• Bank of England determined to curb rising inflationary pressures
  • Figure 9: PDI and consumer spend growth rates, at current and constant prices, 2002-07 and 2007-12
• Consumer implications for the grocery market
• The Market in Context
• Key findings
• Food is still core
• Food holds up quite well
  • Figure 10: UK: Consumer spending on selected major goods categories, 2002-06
• Food and drink market versus food retailers and all retail sales
  • Figure 11: UK: Index of consumer spending growth in food, drink and tobacco, all retail sales and food retailers' sales, 2002-06
• Food and drink
• Food holds up surprisingly well
• Non-alcoholic drinks power ahead
• Price increases see value sales leap in 2007 first half
  • Figure 12: UK: Food and drinks spending 2002-07
  • Figure 13: UK: Food and drinks spending, indexed growth, 2002-07
  • Figure 14: UK: Food and drinks spending shares, 2006
• Pets, cleaning, and health & beauty
• Non-edible groceries outstrip all retail sales
• Personal care steams ahead in 2007
  • Figure 15: UK: Spending on pet, cleaning and health & beauty products, 2002-07
  • Figure 16: UK: Spending on pet, cleaning and health & beauty products, indexed growth, 2002-07
• Eating out
  • Figure 17: UK: Spending on food and eating out, 2002-07
  • Figure 18: UK: Spending on food and drink relative to spending on eating out, 2002-07
• Strengths and Weaknesses in the Market
• Strengths
• Weaknesses
• Sector Size and Forecast
• Key findings
• The future
• Economic outlook
• Inflation and interest rates
• Consumer outlook
• Retail sales
• Food retailers forecasts
  • Figure 19: UK: Food retailers sales, 2002-12
  • Figure 20: UK: Food retailers as % of all retail sales, 2002-12
• The past
• Food retailers gain retail market share
  • Figure 21: UK: Food retailers' sales, 2002-07
  • Figure 22: UK: Relative sales performance of food generalists and specialists, 2002-07
• Where They Shop for Groceries
• Key findings
• The big four
• The rest
• Main grocery shopping
• The short term
  • Figure 23: Store used for main grocery shop, August 2007
• The longer term
• Tesco losing primary shoppers?
  • Figure 24: Leading food retailers' share of main shoppers, 1998-2007
• The family shop
  • Figure 25: Share of main shoppers for leading supermarkets, by family lifestage, August 2007
• Shopper profiles
  • Figure 26: Profiles of supermarkets primary shoppers, August 2007
• The big four
• The others
  • Figure 27: Leading grocers' consumer profiles, by age group, August 2007
  • Figure 28: Leading grocers' consumer profiles, by socio-economic group, August 2007
• The twelve year shift
  • Figure 29: Supermarket customer profiles 12-year shift
• Other grocery shopping
  • Figure 30: Other stores used for grocery shopping, August 2007
• Tescoland
  • Figure 31: Usage of leading food retailers for other grocery shopping, 1998-2007
• Main grocery vs. other grocery
  • Figure 32: Main grocery shopping and exclusively other grocery shopping, August 2007
• Where They Shop for Groceries -- Detailed Consumer Demographics
  • Figure 33: Store used for main grocery shopping, by gender, age, socio-economic group, lifestage, presence of children, Mintel' s Special Groups, working status, region, ACORN categories, media usage, commercial TV viewing and supermarket used, August 2007
  • Figure 34: Other stores used for grocery shopping, by gender, age, socio-economic group, lifestage, presence of children, Mintel' s Special Groups, working status, region, ACORN categories, media usage, commercial TV viewing and supermarket used, August 2007
  • Figure 35: Other stores used for grocery shopping, by gender, age, socio-economic group, lifestage, presence of children, Mintel' s Special Groups, working status, region, ACORN categories, media usage, commercial TV viewing and supermarket used, August 2007
  • Figure 36: Other stores used for grocery shopping, by gender, age, socio-economic group, lifestage, presence of children, Mintel' s Special Groups, working status, region, ACORN categories, media usage, commercial TV viewing and supermarket used, August 2007
  • Figure 37: Profile of top four stores used for main grocery shopping, by gender, age and socio-economic group, August 2007
  • Figure 38: Stores used for any grocery shopping, by gender, age and socio-economic group, August 2007
  • Figure 39: Stores used for any grocery shopping, by gender, age and socio-economic group, August 2007
• Shopping for Groceries on the Internet
• Key findings
• Shopping for groceries online
  • Figure 40: Grocery shopping and the Internet, August 2007
• Any Internet grocery shopping
• Would consider trying in the future
• Would never consider using it
  • Figure 41: Grocery shopping on the Internet, by gender, age, socio-economic group and supermarkets used, August 2007
• Shopping for Groceries on the Internet -- Detailed Consumer Demographics
  • Figure 42: Grocery shopping on the Internet, by lifestage, presence of children, Mintel' s Special Groups, working status, region, ACORN categories, media usage and commercial TV viewing, August 2007
• Retail Competitor Analysis
• Key findings
• Share of the market
• Technicalities
• Marks & Spencer
• Fuel and other income
• Mintel adjustments
• Market leaders
• C-stores
• High street/secondary supermarket
  • Figure 85: UK: Leading food and drink retailers, 2006/07
• Outlets by type
  • Figure 86: UK: Leading food and drink retailers, outlet numbers, by location, 2006/07
• Evaluation
  • Figure 87: Food retailers, evaluation, 2007
• Market shares
  • Figure 88: UK food retailers top 20 market shares, 2006/07
• Aldi (Europe)
  • Figure 89: Aldi (Europe): Sales as share of all food retailers' sales in Europe, 2001-05
• Strategic evaluation
• Background
• Financial performance
  • Figure 90: Aldi (Europe): Estimated group financial performance, 2002-06
• Store portfolio
  • Figure 91: Aldi (Europe): Outlet data, 2002-06
• Retail offering
• Market positioning
• Brands
• Product offer
• Pricing
• Operational issues
• Advertising and marketing
• e-commerce and home shopping
• Asda Stores Ltd
  • Figure 92: Asda Stores Ltd: Sales as share of all food retailers in UK, 2002-06
• Strategic evaluation
• Background
• Financial performance
  • Figure 93: Asda Stores Ltd: Group financial performance, 2003-07
• Store portfolio
  • Figure 94: Asda Stores Ltd: Outlet data, 2003-07
• Retail offering
• Market positioning
• Brands
• Product offer
• Pricing
• Operational issues
• Advertising and marketing
  • Figure 95: Asda Stores Ltd: Main media advertising spend, 2002-06
  • Figure 96: Asda Stores Ltd: Media advertising spend by usage, 2006
• e-commerce and home shopping
• Co-operative Group
  • Figure 97: Co-operative Group (Food): Sales as share of all food retailers' sales in UK, 2002-06
• Strategic evaluation
• Background
• Financial performance
  • Figure 98: Co-operative Group: Group financial performance, 2002/03-2006/07
• Store portfolio
  • Figure 99: Co-operative Group: Outlet data, 2002/03-2006 /07
• Retail offering
• Market positioning
• Brands
  • Figure 100: Co-operative Group: Own brands, summer 2007
• Product offer
• Operational issues
• Advertising and marketing
• e-commerce and home shopping
• Iceland Foods Ltd
  • Figure 101: Iceland Foods Ltd: Sales as share of all food retailers in UK, 2002-06
• Strategic evaluation
• Background
• Financial performance
  • Figure 102: Iceland Foods Ltd: Group financial performance, 2003-07
• Store portfolio
  • Figure 103: Iceland Foods Ltd: Outlet data, 2003-07
• Retail offering
• Market positioning
• Brands
• Product offer
• Pricing
• Operational issues
• Advertising and marketing
• e-commerce and home shopping
• Marks & Spencer (Food)
  • Figure 104: Marks & Spencer (food): Sales as share of all food retailers in UK, 2002-06
• Strategic evaluation
• Background
• Financial performance
  • Figure 105: Marks & Spencer (food): Group financial performance, 2003-07
• Store portfolio
  • Figure 106: Marks & Spencer (food): Outlet data, 2003-07
• Retail offering
• Market positioning
• Brands
• Product offer
• Pricing
• Operational issues
• Advertising and marketing
• e-commerce and home shopping
• Wm Morrison Supermarkets
  • Figure 107: Wm Morrison Supermarkets: Sales as share of all food retailers' sales in UK, 2002/03-2006/07
• Strategic evaluation
• Background
• Financial performance
  • Figure 108: Wm Morrison Supermarkets: Group financial performance, 2002/03-2006/07
• 2007 interims show growth continuing
• Store portfolio
  • Figure 109: Wm Morrison Supermarkets: Outlet data, 2002/03-2006/07
  • Figure 110: Wm Morrison Supermarkets: Store portfolio by size, 2003 and 2007
• Retail offering
• Market positioning
• Brands
• Product offer
• Pricing
• Operational issues
• Advertising and marketing
• e-commerce and home shopping
• Musgrave
  • Figure 111: Musgrave: Sales as share of all food retailers in UK, 2002-06
• Strategic evaluation
• Background
• Financial performance
  • Figure 112: Musgrave: Group financial performance, 2002-06
  • Figure 113: Musgrave: Selected retail sales, 2002-06
• Store portfolio
  • Figure 114: Musgrave: Retail outlet data, 2002-06
• Retail offering
• Market positioning
• Brands and pricing
• Product offer
• Operational issues
• Advertising and marketing
• e-commerce and home shopping
• J Sainsbury
  • Figure 115: Sainsbury' s Supermarkets: Sales as share of all food retailers in UK, 2002-06
• Strategic evaluation
• Background
• Financial performance
• Group
  • Figure 116: J Sainsbury: Group financial performance, 2002/03-2006/07
  • Figure 117: Sainsbury' s Supermarkets, 2002/03-2006/07
  • Figure 118: Sainsbury' s Supermarkets: Sales growth, 2002/03-2006/07
• Store portfolio
  • Figure 119: Sainsbury' s Supermarkets: Outlet data, 2002/03-2006/07
  • Figure 120: Sainsbury' s Supermarkets: Outlets by size, 2002/03-2006/07
• Retail offering
• Market positioning
• Brands
  • Figure 121: Sainsbury' s Supermarkets: Own-label food portfolio
• Product offer
• Pricing
• Operational issues
• Advertising and marketing
• e-commerce and home shopping
• Schwarz Group
  • Figure 122: Schwarz Group: Estimated sales as share of all food retailers' sales in Europe, 2002-06
  • Figure 123: Schwarz Group: Estimated sales as share of all food retailers' sales in Germany, 2002-06
  • Figure 124: Schwarz Group: Estimated sales as share of all food retailers' sales in France, 2002-06
• Strategic evaluation
• Background
• Financial performance
  • Figure 125: Schwarz Group: Share of group sales of German operations, by fascia, 2002/03-2006/07
  • Figure 126: Schwarz Group: Estimated share of group international sales by market, 2006/07
  • Figure 127: Schwarz Group: Estimated group sales, 2002/03-2006/07
• Store portfolio
  • Figure 128: Schwarz Group: Store portfolio, Germany vs international, 2002/03-2006/07
  • Figure 129: Schwarz Group: Outlet data, 2002/03-2006/07
• Retail offering
• Market positioning
• Brands
• Product offer
• Pricing
• Operational issues
• Advertising and marketing
• e-commerce and home shopping
• Somerfield
  • Figure 130: Somerfield: Sales as share of all food retailers in UK, 2002-06
• Strategic evaluation
• Background
• Financial performance
  • Figure 131: Somerfield Stores Ltd, UK retail sales and operating profit, 2003-07
• Store portfolio
  • Figure 132: Somerfield: Outlet data, 2003-07
• Retail offering
• Market positioning
• Brands
• Product offer
• Pricing
• Operational issues
• Advertising and marketing
• e-commerce and home shopping
• SPAR International
  • Figure 133: SPAR (Europe): Sales as share of all European food retailers' sales, 2002-06
• Strategic evaluation
• Background
  • Figure 134: SPAR International: Year of entry by country
• Financial performance
  • Figure 135: SPAR International: Retail sales by country, 2002-06
  • Figure 136: SPAR International: Estimated European sales exclusive of sales tax, 2006
• Store portfolio
  • Figure 137: SPAR International: Outlet data, 2002-06
  • Figure 138: SPAR International: Sales per m² by country (Europe), 2006European operations
• Discontinued operations
• Continuing European operations
  • Figure 139: SPAR (Austria): Sales as share of Austrian food retailers' sales, 2002-06
  • Figure 140: SPAR (Belgium): Sales as share of all Belgian food retailers' sales, 2002-06
  • Figure 141: SPAR (Czech Republic): Sales as share of all Czech food retailers' sales, 2002-06
  • Figure 142: SPAR (Denmark): Sales as share of all Danish food retailers' sales, 2002-06
  • Figure 143: SPAR (France): Sales as share of all French food retailers' sales, 2002-06
  • Figure 144: SPAR (Greece): Sales as share of all Greek food retailers' sales, 2002-06
  • Figure 145: SPAR (Hungary): Sales as share of all Hungarian food retailers' sales, 2002-06
  • Figure 146: SPAR (Ireland): Sales as share of all Irish food retailers' sales, 2002-06
  • Figure 147: SPAR (Italy): Sales as share of all Italian food retailers' sales, 2002-06
  • Figure 148: SPAR (Netherlands): Sales as share of all Dutch food retailers' sales, 2002-06
  • Figure 149: SPAR (Norway): Sales as share of all Norwegian food retailers' sales, 2002-06
  • Figure 150: SPAR (Spain): Sales as share of all Spanish food retailers' sales, 2002-06
  • Figure 151: SPAR (Switzerland): Sales as share of all Swiss food retailers' sales, 2002-06
  • Figure 152: SPAR (UK): Sales as share of all UK food retailers' sales, 2002-06
• Non-European activities
  • Figure 153: SPAR International: Non-European sales and outlets by country, 2001 and 2006
• Retail offering
• Market positioning
• Product offer
• Own-brand goods
• Pricing
• Operational issues
• Advertising and marketing
• E-commerce and home shopping
• Tesco
  • Figure 154: Tesco (Europe): Sales as share of all food retailers in Europe, 2002-06
• Strategic evaluation
• Background
• Financial performance
  • Figure 155: Tesco Plc: Group financial performance, 2002/03-2006/07
  • Figure 156: Tesco (UK): Sales as share of all food retailers in UK, 2002-06
  • Figure 157: Tesco (Czech Rep): Sales as share of all food retailers in Czech Republic, 2002-06
  • Figure 158: Tesco (Hungary): Sales as share of all food retailers in Hungary, 2002-06
  • Figure 159: Tesco (Ireland): Sales as share of all food retailers in Ireland, 2002-06
  • Figure 160: Tesco (Poland): Sales as share of all food retailers in Poland, 2002-06
  • Figure 161: Tesco (Slovak Rep): Sales as share of all food retailers in Slovak Republic, 2002-06
• e-commerce
• Store portfolio
  • Figure 162: Tesco Plc: Outlet data, 2002/03-2006/07
  • Figure 163: Tesco: UK store formats, 2007
  • Figure 164: Tesco: European store formats, 2007
  • Figure 165: Tesco: Asian store formats, 2007
• Development
• Retail offering
  • Figure 166: Tesco UK: Sales by product, 2006/07
• Market positioning
• Brands
• Pricing
• Operational issues
• Advertising and marketing
  • Figure 167: Tesco: Main media advertising expenditure, 2002-06
• e-commerce and home shopping
• Waitrose Ltd
  • Figure 168: Waitrose Ltd: Sales as share of all food retailers in UK, 2002-06
• Strategic evaluation
• Background
• Financial performance
  • Figure 169: Waitrose Ltd: Group financial performance, 2003-07
• Store portfolio
  • Figure 170: Waitrose Ltd: Outlet data, 2003-07
• Retail offering
• Market positioning
• Brands
• Product offer
• Pricing
• Operational issues
• Advertising and marketing
• e-commerce and home shopping
• Retail Advertising and Promotion
• Key findings
• Trends in total spending on advertising
  • Figure 171: Main media advertising expenditure by leading supermarkets, 2002-06
  • Figure 172: UK: Main media advertising, by leading supermarket and grocery chains, by media usage, 2006