歐洲OTC藥的銷售動向

Abstract

This expanded 2007 edition of OTC Distribution in Europe is the largest and most up-to-date strategic analysis of the channel networks influencing consumer access to non-prescription medicines and OTC self-medication and self-care in Europe’s main markets.

OTC Distribution in Europe is an in-depth 18 country strategic analysis that defines and explores the main themes of change running through the European region and shows how they will influence non-prescription and OTC medicine manufacturers’ channel strategies to 2012 and beyond.

This is the sixth edition of the OTC Distribution in Europe study is probably the most important edition since the study began 15 years ago in that it exposes imminent large scale changes to the structure of the supply network, new sources of access for consumers seeking self-medication and self-care and the gradual concentration of buyer power across the European continent.

The 2007 edition of OTC Distribution in Europe not only provides essential market statistics and exposes key trends it offers a wealth of knowledge covering 18 European markets together with insights into an increasingly complex business environment from one of Europe’s most highly respected marketing strategy advisors, James Dudley.

Markets covered are: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland.

Executive Summary

The European non-prescription medicines and consumer OTC self-medication market is today worth some $40 billion at consumer prices and represents 36% of world sales.

Yet, it is a market on the frontiers of change. Change that will reshape the structure of the supply chain, focus buyer power and consequently present suppliers with new strategic challenges. The aim of this sixth study into OTC Distribution in Europe is to explore these frontiers of change and to provide thoughts on how to anticipate unfolding threats and opportunities.

OTC Medicine Manufacturers will have to find strategic responses at both national and international levels to a number of critical issues some of which include: -

• Progressive deregulation of the pharmacy supply chain driven by the European Commission and European Court of Justice especially in Germany, France, Spain, Austria and Sweden
• Continuing concentration of pharmaceutical wholesaler’s buying power and vertical integration into retailing and logistics across European borders
• The expansion of a Europe-wide retail pharmacy footprint of ‘virtual’ and wholly owned chains connected to a handful of key wholesalers
• Underperformance of much of the non-prescription sector because of healthcare reforms and the maturity of some core categories leading to changes to industry structures with an increasing shift to brand driven consumer marketing cultures
• The ambitions of mass market grocery and chain discount drugstore operators to tap the lucrative consumer health market through GSL brands and pharmacy and OTC unit in-plants
• The expansion of international retailers from the US and Far East into the European consumer health and beauty markets
• The legacy of reforms in Europe’s largest market, Germany, especially the loss of reimbursement for medicines not requiring a doctors prescription, the abolition of resale price maintenance on OTC medicines, legalization of mail order and Internet marketing of pharmaceuticals and anticipation of further deregulation of pharmacy ownership.

This 18 country study has identified many of the unfolding strategic issues within the supply chain that will impact on individual OTC Self-medication companies as both threats and opportunities and provokes thoughts and ideas for the strategic agenda

Table of Contents

• Forward to the 2007 Study of the Distribution of OTC Medicines in Europe by James Dudley
• Distribution of OTC Medicines in Europe - Introduction, Market Definitions and Summary of Key Issues
• 1. The European OTC Self-Medication Market
• 2. Estimates of the Market Size for OTC Medicines of the 18 European Markets for the 2007 OTC Distribution Study
  • 2.1 Brand Models in Europe’s Self-medication Market
• 3. Share of Sales by Market 2006 - Total Pharmaceuticals, OTC Medicines and Semi-Ethical products in Europe
• 4. Efficiency of the European Market Place for OTC Self-medication Medicines
• 5. Major Categories of OTC Self-medication Medicines in Europe’s Main Markets
• 6. Non-prescription Pharmaceuticals and OTC Self-medication Medicines Country Market Growth - Europe 2003 - 2006
• 7. Regulatory Controls on Distributing and Merchandising of OTC Medicines in Europe
• 8. OTC Self-medication Medicines in Europe - Changing Distribution Channel Environments
• 9. Pharmacies in Europe
• 10. Growth of Retail Pharmacies in Europe
• 11. Regulatory Restraints on the Growth of Pharmacy Numbers in Europe
  • 11.1 Restrictions on Pharmacy Numbers in Europe
• 12. The Role of the Retail Pharmacies in Europe
• 13. Economic Pressures on Pharmacies in Europe
  • 13.1. Pressures from the Social Healthcare System
• 14. Self-medication - The Importance of OTC Medicines to Pharmacies in Europe
• 15. Promoting Self-medication in Europe - Restrictions on Merchandising of OTC Medicines in Pharmacies in Different European States
• 16. Retail Price Maintenance of OTC Self-medication Medicines in Europe
• 17. Trends in the Ownership of Pharmacies in Europe
• 18. Small Retail Pharmacy Multiples in Europe
• 19. The Growth of Large Retail Pharmacy Chains in Europe
• 20. Growth of organised of Voluntary Groupings (Virtual chains) of Independent Pharmacies in Europe
  • 20.1 The Difference between Voluntary Trading Organisations and Franchises - European ‘Virtual’ Pharmacy Chains
• 21. Buyer Power and Branding of Pharmacy Retail Groups in Europe
• 22. Supermarket Chains - a growing Force in Pharmacy Retailing in Europe
• 23. The potential Impact of Retail Pharmacy Multiple Groupings on the OTC Selfmedication Consumer Healthcare Companies in Europe
• 24. Threats and Challenges from Internet Pharmacies in Europe
• 28. Consumer Sources of Information about their Health
• 29. Summary Conclusions and Outline Future Agenda for OTC Self-medication in Europe
  • 29.1 Maturing European Non-prescription and OTC Self-medication Market
  • 29.2 Growth Clusters by Country European Non-prescription and OTC Selfmedication Market
  • 29.3 Key Pharmaceutical Wholesalers Retail Groupings in Europe
  • 29.4 Growth of General Sale (GSL) OTC Self-medication Medicines across Europe
  • 29.5 Ambitions of Mass Market Retail Chains to acquire Pharmacies in Europe

Graphs and Figures

• Graph 1: Development of Sales of the Total Non-prescription Bound and OTC Self-medication for 18 major Markets - € millions at Consumer Purchase Prices 2003 - 2007 (estimates)
• Graph 2: Year on Year Sales Gains and Losses OTC Self-medication Sales compared to Semiethical Prescriptions - Europe 2004 - 2007
• Graph 3: Composition of the Self-Medication Market based on % of Sales Derived from Prescription Business - Main European Markets
• Graph 4: Growth of the European Self-Medication Market by Therapeutic Category 2003 - 2006
• Graph 5: Key Markets - Europe 2006 Share of OTC Self-Medication Turnover through Nonpharmacy Channels (excluding prescriptions)
• Graph 6: 18 Key Markets - 2006 % Share of Number of European Pharmacies by Ownership Classification

Tables

• Table 1 Number of Brands by Model Cluster compared to the Number Achieving 70% of Sales in each Cluster
• Table 2Non-prescription Medicines % € Share Europe by Country Total Retail Pharmaceutical, Non-prescription and OTC Self-medication 2006
• Table 3Country % € Share of Non-prescription Medicines’ Country Markets taken by Prescription Sales 2003 compared to 2006 - Main European Markets
• Table 4Europe’s Main Non-prescription and OTC Medicines Markets Total Non-prescription and OTC Self-medication Business % € Growth 2003 - 2006
• Table 5Number of Pharmacies by Country and Population served per Pharmacy 2006
• Table 6 Retail Pharmacy Growth by European State 1986 - 2006
• Table 7Methods of Controlling Pharmacy Numbers in Europe
• Table 8Self-Medication in Europe - Average Pharmacy Margins 1998 - 2006
• Table 9 Pharmacies - Average Annual Consumer Purchases of Non-prescription and OTC Selfmedication Products by European State 2006 Consumer - at Purchase Prices (€000s)
• Table 10 Retail Pharmacies - % Sources of Business Turnover
• Table 11 Constraints on Merchandising in Pharmacies of OTC Self-medication Medicines by European State
• Table 12 Pharmacist’s Attitudes to in-store Visibility and Self-selection for OTC Self-medication Medicines in 12 European States
• Table 13 Self-medication - Status of Retail Price Maintenance on OTC Medicines in European States
• Table 14 Retail Pharmacies in Private and Public Chains in Europe - 2006
• Table 15 Ownership Regulations for Pharmacies in Europe as at 2007
• Table 16 Europe’s Leading Retail Pharmacy Chains 2006/2007
• Table 17 % of Pharmacies in Virtual Retail Pharmacy Chains - 18 European Markets 2006/2007
• Table 18 Emerging Virtual Pharmacy Groupings in Europe 2007
• Table 19 Sources of Information Consumers believe to be Important 5 European Countries - 2004

Chapter 2 Pharmaceutical Wholesalers Vertical Integration Strategies and International Expansion across Europe

• 1. Market and Competitor Influences increasing the Pace of Change along the European Pharmaceutical Supply Chain
• 2. The Role of Wholesalers along the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain in Europe
  • 2.1 Services offered by European Pharmaceutical Wholesalers
    • The basic offer
    • Marketing and training support
    • Additional support services
    • Financial services
• 3. Influence of the Social Healthcare Environment on the Pace of Change in the European Pharmaceutical Supply Chain
• 4. Examination of the Business Strategies of Europe’s Leading Pharmaceutical Wholesalers
• 5. Unfolding Company Strategies across the European Pharmaceutical Wholesaling Industry
• 6. Mergers, Acquisitions and Strategic Alliances within the Pharmaceutical Wholesaling Industry in Europe
• 6.1 Reasons for Mergers and Acquisitions in the European Pharmaceutical Wholesale Industry
• 7. Integrated Channel Managers Driving Change for Europe’s Pharmaceutical Wholesaling Industry
• 8. Vertical Integration and Competitor Strategies of Major European Pharmaceutical Wholesalers
  • 8.1 Manufacturing interests of European Pharmaceutical Wholesalers
  • 8.2 Pan European Pre-Wholesaling - a Growth Industry in the European Pharmaceutical Market
• 9. Pharmaceutical Wholesalers Forward Integration into Retailing in Europe - Alliance Boots, Celesio, Phoenix, OPG, and Galenica
• 10. European Pharmacy Chains directly owned by Pharmaceutical Wholesaler Groups - Alliance Boots, Celesio, Phoenix and OPG (Orfe)
• 11. ‘Virtual’ Pharmacy Chains in Europe
• 12. Pharmacist Owned Wholesale Co-operatives in Europe
• 13. Conclusions - Trends Driving Change among Europe’s Largest Pharmaceutical Wholesaler Groups

Graphs and Figures

• Figure 1: Pharmaceutical Supply Chain in Europe
• Figure 2: Summary of Services Provided by Pharmaceutical Wholesalers
• Graph 1: Pharmaceutical Wholesalers’ Turnover in Europe in 2006 (est)
• Graph 2: Split of European Pharmaceutical Wholesalers’ Turnover between Wholesaling/Logistics and Retail Pharmacy Sales 2006 (est)
• Graph 3: Estimated % Market Share European Pharmaceutical Wholesalers’ based on Wholesaling/Logistics Turnover 2006
• Figure 3: Evolving Pharmaceutical Wholesaler Strategies in Europe

Tables

• Table 1 Europe’s Major Pharmaceutical Wholesalers National and Consolidated % Market Share 2006
• Table 2 Leading Regional Pharmaceutical Wholesalers Rank Position by Country Market 2006
• Table 3 Regional Wholesaler Activities along the Supply Chain 2006
• Table 4 European Pharmaceutical Wholesalers - Examples of Pre-wholesaling Activities 2006
• Table 5 Leading Pharmaceutical Wholesaler Retail Interests in Europe

Chapter 3 Profiles of Companies Driving the European Pharmaceutical Supply Chain

• 1. Summary of Celesio’s Business
  • 1.1 Celesio - Sources of Business Growth 2003 - 2005
  • 1.2 Celsio’s Pharmaceutical Wholesaling Market Share by Country
• Source: Girp/Phoenix/Celsio 2006
  • 1.3 Celesio Pharmacy Retailing
    • UK - Lloydspharmacy Business
    • Italy
    • Czech Republic
    • Norway
    • Netherlands
    • Belgium
    • Ireland
    • Germany
  • 1.4. Celesio - ‘Solutions Division’ - New Business Developments
  • 1.5. Celesio - The Future
• Alliance Boots (Alliance UniChem)
• 2. Summary of Alliance Boots Business
  • 2.1 Alliance Boots Group
• Source: Alliance Boots 2006
  • 2.2. Alliance UniChem emerging Multinational Pharmaceutical Wholesaler
  • 2.3. Alliance Boots Development of an International Brand of Generic Products
  • 2.4. Alliance Boots Pharmaceutical Retailing
  • 2.4. Alliance Boots the Future
• Phoenix
• 3. Summary of Phoenix Business
  • 3.1 Phoenix - Importance of Tamro in the Nordic and Baltic States region
  • 3.2 Phoenix Pre-wholesaling in Europe
  • 3.3 Phoenix in Pharmacy Retailing in Europe
  • MVDA/Linda
  • Numark
  • Escura Apotheek in the Netherlands, Midas in Germany, SPEM in Italy and VMI in Denmark
  • Apteeks 1, Seimos Vaistine and Tamro Aptieku
• 3.2 Conclusions Phoenix
• Sanacorp - CERP Rouen
• 4. Summary of Sanacorp - CERP Rouen Merger
  • 4.2 Conclusions CERP Rouen and Sanacorp Merger
• OPG Netherlands
• 5. Summary of OPG Business
  • 5.1 OPG Sources of Business
  • 5.2 OPG Strategies 2001 to 2006
  • 5.3 Conclusions OPG Netherlands
• A.S. Watson Group
• 6. A.S. Watson Group Expansion into Europe
  • 6.1 A.S Watson in the Netherlands
  • 6.2 A.S Watson in Germany, Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic
  • 6.3 A.S Watson in the Baltic Region
  • 6.4 A.S Watson in the UK
  • 6.5 A.S Watson in the Ukraine
  • 6.6 A.S Watson in Russia
  • 6.7 A.S Watson Global Buying Policy

• Graph 1: Estimated European Pharmaceutical Wholesale Market Share Resulting from the Merger of CERP Rouen France and Sanacorp Germany

Tables

• Table 1 Celesio Consolidated Sales & Profits (€000) 2003 - 2005
• Table 2 Celesio Source of Growth 2003 - 2005
• Table 3 Celesio Group Turnover by Market and Main Activity - (€ Millions) 2005
• Table 4 Celsio’s Market Share by European Pharmaceutical Wholesale Market
• Table 5 Celesio European Retail Pharmacy Estate 2007 Compared to 2003
• Table 6 Alliance Boots Pharmaceutical wholly owned Wholesaler and Retailer Businesses 2006
• Table 7 Alliance Boots Main Associate Companies 2006
• Table 8 Alliance Boots Pharmaceutical Wholesale Market Share by European Country 2006
• Table 9 Alliance Boots European Retail Pharmacy Estate (pre and post merger) 2004 compared to 2006
• Table 10 Phoenix Pharmaceutical Wholesaling Market Shares - Europe, % € Share 2006
• Table 11 Phoenix Associated Groupings of Independent Pharmacies 2006

Chapter 4 New Channels for Consumer Access to Healthcare in Europe

• 1. Development of Internet Pharmacies in Europe - 2007 Report
  • 1.1 The Internet as a new Challenge in Pharmacy Retailing in Europe
  • 1.2 Internet Applications to the Delivery of Primary Care Services in Europe
• 2. Business to Business Internet Applications in Pharmaceutical Distribution in Europe
  • 2.1 Alliance Boots Internet Portal - pharmology.com in Europe
  • 2.2 Celesio - Internet based Solutions for Pharmacies in Europe
• The GEHE POINT concept has been tailored to local market needs and rolled out to France (OCP POINT), The UK (AAH POINT) and Austria (Herba POINT)
• 3. Business to Consumer (B2C) Internet Pharmacy Retailing Applications in Europe
  • 3.1 Internet Pharmacy Retailing Models in Europe Compared
  • 3.2 ‘Pureplay’ Online Pharmacies in Europe
  • 3.3 DocMorris Building a New Retail Pharmacy Brand in Europe
  • 3.4 The Emergence of Healthcare Portals linked to ‘Clicks and Bricks’ Pharmacies in Europe 9
  • 3.5 OTC Self-Medication - Online Shopping Services from Major Retail Chains in Europe 10
• 4. Opportunities for Business to Consumer e-Commerce for Pharmaceutical Companies in Europe
• 5. Development of Internet Pharmacies in Europe
  • 5.1 Internet Pharmacies in France
  • 5.2 Internet Pharmacies in Germany
  • 5.3 Internet Pharmacies in Italy
  • 5.4 Internet Pharmacies the Netherlands
  • 5.5 Internet Pharmacies in Switzerland
  • 5.6 Consumers Access to Internet Pharmacies in the UK
  • 5.7 Internet Pharmacies in Sweden
  • 5.8 Internet Pharmacies in Denmark
  • 5.9 Internet Pharmacies in Finland and Norway
  • 5.10 Internet Pharmacies in Austria
  • 5.11 Internet Pharmacies in Belgium
  • 5.12 Internet Pharmacies in Spain
  • 5.13 Internet Pharmacies in Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia and Slovenia
• 6. Pharmacists’ Attitudes to Consumers Purchasing Online Medicines in Europe
• 7. Legitimacy of Internet Pharmacies for Medicines in Europe
• 8. The Future for Internet Marketing of OTC Medicines in Europe

Tables

• Table 1 Patients and Medical Professionals - Trust in Sponsored Healthcare Web sites Europe
• Table 2 Online Commerce in Pharmaceuticals - Regulatory Status in Europe States Permitting Online Commerce - Revised 2007

Chapter 5 OTC Distribution in Belgium

• 1. The Self-Medication Market in Belgium 2006
• 2. Share of the Belgian Self-medication Market by Category 2006
• 3. Changing Structure of the Belgian Self-medication Market
• 4. Professional or Semi-ethical Pharmaceutical Brands
• 5. Consumer OTC Self-medication Brands in Belgium
• 6. Classification of Medicines in Belgium
• 7. Reimbursement of Non-prescription Medicines in Belgium
• 8. Statutory Control of Prices on OTC Medicines in Belgium
• 9. The Changing Business Environment for Non-prescription medicines in Belgium
• 10. Regulatory Environment for Pharmaceutical Distribution in Belgium
• 11. Mergers and Acquisitions Reshaping Competition between OTC Medicine Companies in Belgium
• 12. Structure of Distribution Channels for Self-Medication in Belgium
• 13. Trends in the Retail Pharmacy Sector in Belgium
• 14. Retail Pharmacy Groupings in Belgium
• 15. Pharmacy Co-operatives in Belgium
• 16. Pharmacy Co-operatives’ Strategies in Belgium
• 17. Celesio Pharmacy Retailing in Belgium
• 18. Independent Pharmacies in Belgium
• 19. Pharmacy Economics in Belgium
• 20. Trade Margins and VAT Manufacturer to Retail Pharmacy Price for Prescription and OTC Medicines in Belgium
• 21. Restructuring of Pharmaceutical Wholesalers in Belgium
• 22. The Future for OTC Medicine Distribution in Belgium

Graphs and Figures

• Graph 1: Belgium Total Self-medication Market compared to the Pharmaceutical Market 2003 - 2006
• Figure 1: Outline Structure of OTC Pharmaceutical Distribution in Belgium
• Graph 2: Pharmacy Development Belgium 1995 - 2005
• Graph 3: Types of Pharmacy - Belgium 2006

Tables

• Table 1 Belgium - Self-Medication Market Category Share and Growth 2003 - 2006(est.)
• Table 2 Leading OTC Self-medication Brands in Belgium
• Table 3 Leading Competitors € Market Share 2006 est % Market Share Non-prescription Sector
• Table 4 Leading Cooperative Retail Pharmacy Groups - Belgium by Number of Pharmacies 2006
• Table 5 Belgian Pharmaceutical Wholesalers’ Market Shares 2006

Chapter 6 OTC Distribution in France

• 1. Introduction - The French OTC Medicines and Non-prescription Pharmaceuticals Market
• 2. Category Sales - OTC Self-medication Market in France
• 3. Self-medication in France - Category Growth
• 4. Structure of the French Non-prescription and OTC Medicines Market
• 5. Non-prescription Pharmaceuticals - Leading Competitors in France
• 6. Medicine Classifications in the French Prescription Pharmaceutical and OTC Medicines Markets
  • 6.1 Classification of Medicines in France
  • 6.2 Legal Definition of Non-prescription Medicines in France
• 7. Pharmacy Monopoly - Ownership Regulations in France Challenged by European Commission
• 8. Advertising Regulations for Non-prescription and OTC Medicines in France
• 9. Use of Trademarks for Medicinal Products in France
• 10. OTC Medicines Linkages to the Prescription Pharmaceuticals Sector in France
  • 10.1 French Pharmaceutical Distribution - Price Control and Reimbursement Systems
  • 10.2 Price Control - Prescription Medicines in France
  • 10.3 Reimbursement Bands for Non-prescription Medicines in France
  • 10.4 Scrutiny of the List of Pharmaceutical Products for Reimbursement in France
  • 10.5 Generic Substitution Targets for Prescription Medicines imposed on French Pharmacies
• 11. Structure of Distribution for Self-Medication in France
  • 11.1 Types of Non-prescription or OTC Medicine Brand in France
• 12. The Retail Pharmacy Channel in France
  • 12.1 Pharmacy Density by Region in France
  • 12.2 Pharmacy - Virtual Chains and Buying Groups in France
  • 12.3 Sources of Business and Economics of French Pharmacies
• 13. Consumer Attitudes towards Pharmacists in France
• 14. Potential for Internet Pharmacies in France
• 15. Prices and Margins of Non-prescription and OTC Medicines in France
• 16. Non-Pharmacy Distribution in France of Consumer Healthcare Products in France
• 17. Pharmaceutical Wholesalers in France
  • Celesio France
  • Alliance Boots France
  • CERP (Coopérative d' Exploitation et de Répartition)
  • Phoenix
• 18. France - The Future for OTC Medicines

Graphs and Figures

• Graph 1: Development of the Total Non-Prescription Bound Market, 2003 - 2006 (est)
• Graph 2: % Share of the OTC Self-medication Market by Category 2006
• Figure 1: Outline Structure of OTC Pharmaceutical Distribution in France

Tables

• Table 1 % Growth of French OTC Self-Medication Sales (excluding prescription business) by Category 2003 - 2006
• Table 2 Leading Competitors’ € Market Share France - Total Non-prescription Bound Market Compared to the OTC Medicines Sector
• Table 3 France - Pharmacy Demographics According to Population
• Table 4 Distribution of Retail Pharmacies by Region in France
• Table 5 Voluntary Trading Groups - Leading Virtual Chains of French Pharmacies
• Table 6 Healthcare - Sources of Information French Consumers believe to be Important
• Table 7 Self-medication - % of French Consumers Treating Common Ailments with an OTC Medicine
• Table 8 France - Pharmaceutical Wholesalers’ Share of Market and Distribution 2005/2006

Chapter 7 OTC Distribution in Germany

• 1. Introduction - The German Non-prescription and OTC Self-medication Medicines Market
  • 1.1 Importance of Prescription Sales for Non-prescription-bound Medicines in Germany
  • 1.2 Wooing Consumers back to Self-medication in Germany - Post 2004 Statutory Health Insurance (GMG) Reforms
• 2. Share of Consumer Purchases of Non-prescription OTC Self-medication Medicines by Therapeutic Category in Germany
  • 2.1 German OTC Self-medication - Growth Rates by Therapeutic Category 2003 - 2006
• 3. Non-prescription and OTC Medicines Leading Competitors - Germany
• 4. The Structure of the German Non-prescription Bound Medicines and OTC Selfmedication Market
  • 4.1 Changing Structure of the German Non-prescription and OTC Self-medication Medicines Market
  • 4.2 Non-Reimbursed Brands Maintaining Sales Growth - Post 2004 Statutory Health Insurance (GMG) Reforms - OTC Self-medication Germany
• 5. The Regulatory Environment for OTC Self-medication Consumer Medicines in Germany
  • 5.1 Self-Medication Definition in Germany
• 6. New Healthcare Reforms impacting on the Non-prescription OTC Self-medication Medicines Sector in Germany
• 7. The Changing Regulatory Environment for the Distribution of Pharmaceutical Products in Germany
• 8. Prices and Margins of Non-prescription Pharmaceutical Products in Germany
• 9. Distribution Channels for OTC (non-prescription) Self-medication Medicines in Germany
  • 9.1. The Changing Structure of the Retail Pharmacy Sector in Germany
  • 9.2 Pharmacy Turnover Analysis Germany
  • 9.3 Economic Impact on Pharmacy Retailing resulting from the 2004 Act to Modernise the Statutory Health Insurance System in Germany
  • 9.4 Development of Retail Pharmacy Chains in Germany
    • Wholesaler Sponsored Virtual Pharmacy Chains in Germany
    • Independent Apotheken Kooperation Groups in Germany
    • Weaknesses of Virtual Pharmacy Chains in Germany
    • Franchise Concept Pharmacy Chains in Germany
    • DocMorris - A Major Breakthrough in Pharmacy Franchise Concepts in Germany
    • Attitudes of German Pharmacists to Membership of Virtual Pharmacy Chains in Germany
• 9.5 Challenges to Ownership Regulations - Retail Pharmacy Chains in Germany
• 9.6 Internet and Mail Order Distribution Channels for OTC Medicines in Germany
• 9.7 Competition from Internet and Mail Order Pharmacies in Germany
• 9.8 Self-medication - The Future for Internet and Mail Order Pharmacy Distribution in Germany
• 9.9 Self-medication - Attitudes of German Pharmacists to Competitive Pricing and Promotion in the Light of New health Reforms
  • On the importance of self-medication to their pharmacy businesses
  • On best useful self-medication industry initiatives
  • On pricing and self-medication business building
  • On mail order and Internet Pharmacies
• 10. Pharmaceutical Wholesalers Germany
  • 10.1 Pharmaceutical Wholesaler Strategies - Key Themes in a Changing Business Environment in Germany
• 11. Pharmaceutical Wholesalers Customer Strategies in Germany
  • 11.1 Pharmaceutical Wholesalers’ Services in Germany
• 12. Free sale or General Sale List (GSL) OTC Self-medication Medicines through Non-Pharmacy Channels in Germany
  • 12.1 Drugstores in Germany
  • 12.2 Independent Drugstores in Germany
  • 12.3 Multiple Drugstore Retailers in Germany
  • 12.4 Health food Shops in Germany
• 13. German Consumer and Self-medication Usage Attitudes and Sources of Information
• 14. Conclusions - Themes of Change Driving the Restructuring of the OTC Selfmedication and non-prescription Market in Germany
  • 14.1 The Impact of Continuing Vertical Integration of Pharmaceutical Wholesalers in Germany on the Suppliers of OTC Self-medication and Non-prescription Pharmaceutical Products

Graphs and Figures

• Graph 1: Development of the German Total Non-prescription Bound and OTC Self-medication Market 2003 - 2006 (estimated)
• Graph 2: Changes in Patient Visits to GPs for Minor Ailments - Pre and Post 2004 Statutory Health Insurance (GMG) Reforms
• Graph 3: Sufferers of Minor Ailments - treatment Preferences Post 2004 Statutory Health Insurance (GMG) Reforms
• Graph 4: - % Share by Main Categories German Self-medication Market 2006
• Graph 5: Growth - Main Categories German OTC Self-medication Market 2003 - 2006
• Graph 6: Share of the German Non-prescription Market - based on the Proportion of Sales attributed to Prescriptions - Pre- 2004 Statutory Health Insurance (GMG) Reforms
• Graph 7: Share of the German Non-prescription Medicines Market by Outlet Type
• Figure 1: Outline Structure of Non-prescription Pharmaceutical Distribution through Pharmacies in Germany
• Graph 8: Growth of Pharmacies in Germany 1993 to 2005
• Graph 9: German Retail Pharmacies - Annual Sales Turnover Analysis
• Figure 2: Wholesaler Customer Services

Tables

• Table 1 Prescription Share of the German Non-prescription bound Medicines Market through Pharmacies 2003 - 2006 Compared to 1999
• Table 2 Changes to Consumers’ Normal Behaviour at the Start of a Minor Ailment - 2004 compared 2005
• Table 3 Leading Competitors’ in the German OTC Market - % € Market Share 2006
• Table 4 Changing Structure of the German Non-prescription market Pre- 2004 Statutory Health Insurance (GMG) Reforms (In pharmacies)
• Table 5 Examples of Manufacturers’ Strategies to Boost Consumer Demand in Germany’s OTC Selfmedication Market - Post 2004 Statutory Health Insurance (GMG) Reforms (2004 - 2006)
• Table 6 Average Wholesaler and Pharmacy Margins in Germany
• Table 7 Chains - Retail Pharmacy Ownership in Germany by Group Size
• Table 8 Chains - Retail Pharmacy Numbers and Ownership in Germany by Region
• Table 9 Structure of Pharmacy Turnover in Germany by Pharmacy Category 2005 compared to 2003
• Table 10 The Principal Virtual Pharmacy Chains (Voluntary Groupings) in Germany 2006
• Table 11 Internet Online Pharmacies in Germany
• Table 12 Concentration of German Pharmaceutical Wholesalers 1981 - 2005
• Table 13 German Pharmaceutical Wholesalers’ % Market Shares in 2006 compared to 1995

Chapter 8 OTC Distribution in Italy

• 1. Introduction - The Italian Non-prescription and OTC Self-medication Market
• 2. Sales Split by Therapeutic Category of Total Non-prescription Bound Market OTC Self-medication in Italy
• 3. Non-prescription and OTC Medicines Category Growth - Italy
• 4. Non-prescription and OTC Medicines Leading Competitors in the Italian Market
• 5. Medicine Classification and the Structure of the Italian OTC Market
• 6. Price Controls - Non-prescription and OTC Self-medication Medicines in Italy
• 7. The Regulatory Environment for Pharmaceutical Distribution Italy
  • 7.1 Self-service Merchandising of OTC Medicines in Italy
  • 7.2 Multiple Ownership of Pharmacies in Italy
  • 7.3 Regulations covering Internet, Distance Selling and Teleshopping of OTC Medicines in Italy
  • 7.4 Regulations Covering Wholesaling of Pharmaceuticals in Italy
  • 7.5 Prices and Margins of Pharmaceuticals in Italy
• 8. Changing nature of Distribution Channels for OTC Self-Medication in Italy
• 9. Growth and Distribution of Retail Pharmacies in Italy
  • 9.1 Community Pharmacy Density by Region in Italy
  • 9.2 Retail Pharmacy Chains in Italy
  • 9.3 Structure of Italian Pharmacy Economics
  • 9.4 Italian Pharmacists’ Attitudes to Self-Medication
• 10. Internet Pharmacies in Italy
• 11. Pharmaceutical Wholesalers Italy
  • 11.1 Phoenix - Comifar Group Italy
  • 11.2 Alleanza Salute Italia (Alliance Boots)
  • 11.3 Farmintesa
• 12. Non-pharmacy Distribution of OTC Medicines in Italy
• 13. The Future for OTC Distribution in Italy

Graphs and Figures

• Graph 1: Development of Total Non-prescription Bound Market 2003 - 2006
• Graph 2: Italy - Non-prescription Medicines % Share by Category 2006
• Graph 3: Non-prescription Bound Medicines Market Growth % by Category 2003 - 2006
• Figure 1: Outline Structure of OTC Pharmaceutical Distribution in Italy

Tables

• Table 1 Leading Competitors’ % € Share in Italy 2006 Total Non-prescription Bound Market
• Table 2 Structure of the Italian Non-prescription Bound and OTC Medicines Market
• Table 3 Growth in Number of Public and Private Pharmacies compared by Region in Italy 2004 - 2006
• Table 4 Pharmacy Density compared to Population Density by Region Italy 2006
• Table 5 Retail Pharmacy Chains in Italy 2006
• Table 6 Pharmacy Share of Hygiene and Toiletry Categories - Italy
• Table 7 Leading Pharmaceutical Wholesalers in Italy

Chapter 9 OTC Distribution in the Netherlands

• 1. Introduction - The Dutch Non-prescription and OTC Self-care Market
• 2. Key Therapeutic Categories in the Dutch OTC Self-medication Market
• 3. Dutch Consumer Healthcare Non-prescription and OTC Self-medication Growth Rates by Therapeutic Category 2003 - 2006
• 4. Self-medication - Leading Competitors in the Netherlands
• 5. Classification of Medicines in the Netherlands - Proposed New Three-class System to include General Sale and Pharmacy only
• 6. The Prescription Sector in the Netherlands
• 7. Regulations to Abolish Price Fixing of OTC Medicines in the Netherlands
• 8. Structure of Distribution for OTC Self-Medication in the Netherlands
• 10. Self-selection and Point of Purchase Merchandising of OTC Self-medication Medicines in Dutch Drugstores
• 11. Self-medication - Private Label OTC (non-prescription) Medicines Sales through Drugstores in the Netherlands
• 12. OTC (non-prescription) Medicines Sales through Grocery Outlets in the Netherlands
• 13. Pharmacies - The Netherlands
• 14. Self-medication - Internet Pharmacies in the Netherlands
• 15. DocMorris international On-line Pharmacy Provider
• 16. OTC (non-prescription) Medicines Channel Influences on Consumer Sources of Purchase and Choice of Brand for Self-medication in the Netherlands
• 17. OTC Retail Prices - the Netherlands
• 18. Pharmaceutical Wholesalers in The Netherlands
• 19. Wholesaler Private Label OTC (non-prescription) Medicine Brands in the Netherlands
• 20. Conclusions The Future for OTC Self-medication Distribution in the Netherlands. Graphs and Figures

• Graph 1: Sales Development of the Dutch Non-prescription OTC Self-medication Market 2003 - 2006 (est) (euros millions consumer purchase prices)
• Graph 2: Dutch OTC Self-medication Market Share of Sales by Category 2006
• Graph 3: Netherlands OTC Self-medication Categories - % Sales Growth
• Graph 4: Share of OTC Self-medication Turnover by Therapeutic Category and Channel 2006
• Graph 5: Growth of Pharmacies and Drugstores (Druggists) in the Netherlands 1996 - 2005

Tables

• Table 1 Leading Competitors’ € Market Share 2005 Non-prescription Bound Sector Compared to the OTC Sector
• Table 2 Average Turnover of OTC Medicines by Retail Channel in the Netherlands 2006
• Table 3 Pharmacy Chains in the Netherlands 2003 - 2006
• Table 4 Market Shares of Pharmaceutical Wholesalers the Netherlands 2006

Chapter 10 OTC Distribution in Spain

• 1. Introduction - The Spanish OTC Medicines Market
• 2. Share of the Total Non-prescription Bound and OTC Self-medication Medicines Market by Therapeutic Category in Spain
• 3. OTC Self-medication Medicines Therapeutic Category Growth - Spain
• 4. Leading Non-prescription Pharmaceutical Company Competitors in the Spanish Market
• 5. Structure of the Spanish Non-prescription and OTC Medicines Market
• 6. The Regulatory Environment for Non-prescription and OTC Medicines in Spain
  • 6.1 Classification of Medicines in Spain
  • 6.2 Registration of Non-prescription and OTC Medicines in Spain
• 7. Issues affecting the Prescription Sector for Products classified as Non-prescription Medicines in Spain
  • 7.1 Reimbursement of Medicinal Products not requiring a Prescription in Spain
  • 7.2 Pricing and Price Controls of Non-prescription and OTC Medicines in Spain
• 8. Advertising of OTC Medicines in Spain
  • 8.1 Regulation of Trade Names for Non-prescription and OTC Medicines in Spain
• 9. The Regulatory Environment for Pharmaceutical Distribution in Spain
• 10. Structure of Distribution for OTC Self-Medication in Spain
• 11. Growth of Pharmacies in Spain
• 12. Regulatory Controls on the Number of Pharmacies in Spain
• 13. Pharmacy Density by Region in Spain
• 14. Spanish Pharmacy Economics
  • 14.1 Pricing and Margins
• 15. Spanish Consumer Attitudes to Self-Medication
• 16. Pharmaceutical Wholesalers in Spain
  • 17.1 Leading Pharmaceutical Wholesalers in Spain - Market Shares and Strategies
  • 17.2 Cofares
  • 17.3 SA Farmacéutica Aragonesia (SAFA)
• 18. The Future of OTC Distribution in Spain

Graphs and Figures

• Graph 1: Development of Total Non-prescription Bound Market in Spain 2003 - 2006
• Graph 2: - % Share by Main Categories Spanish Self-medication Market 2006
• Graph 3: Growth - Main Categories Spanish OTC Self-medication Market 2003 - 2006

Tables

• Table 1 Leading Competitors’ € Market Share 2006 Non-prescription Bound Sector Compared to the OTC Sector
• Table 2 Growth of Pharmacies in Spain 1986 to 2005
• Table 3 Number of Pharmacies by Province - Spain
• Table 4 % of Pharmacies by Region Compared to % of Population - Spain
• Table 5 Share of Pharmacy Sales by Categories by Value - Spain
• Table 6 Spain - Consumers Using OTC Medicines for Minor Ailments
• Table 7 Spain - Pharmaceutical Wholesaler Coverage - Number of Depots by Region and Number of Pharmacies Served
• Table 8 Spain - Pharmaceutical Wholesalers’ Market Shares 2006
• Table 9 Cofares Group of Regional Companies - Spain

Chapter 11 OTC Distribution in the UK

• 1. Introduction - The UK OTC Medicines Market
• 2. Sales Split of Total Non-prescription and OTC Self-medication Medicines Market by Therapeutic Category in the UK
• 3. Leading Competitors in the Non-prescription Medicines Market UK
• 4. Structure of the Market Demand Non-prescription and OTC Medicines in the UK
• 5. The Regulatory Environment for Non-prescription and OTC Medicines in the UK
• 5.1 Classifications of Medicines in the UK
• 5.2 Legal Definition of Self-Medication in the UK
• 6. Structure of Distribution Channel Systems for Non-prescription Pharmaceuticals in the UK
• 7. Consumer Source of Purchase and Share of UK OTC Medicines Market by Outlet Type
• 8. The Retail Pharmacy Sector in the UK
  • 8.1 New Role for Pharmacies in the UK - New Pharmacy Contract
  • 8.2 Pharmacy Density in the UK
• 9. Ownership of Pharmacies in the UK
  • 9.1 Independent Pharmacies in the UK
  • 9.2 ‘Virtual’ Chains of Pharmacies (Symbol Groups) in the UK
  • 9.3 Leading Pharmacy Chains in the UK
    • Alliance UniChem and Boots the Chemist Merger in the UK
    • Celesio-Lloydspharmacy
    • Co-operative Group Pharmacy
    • L. Rowland (Phoenix)
• 10. Importance of Supermarket Chains and Discount Drugstores for OTC Selfmedication Distribution in the UK
• 11. Internet as a Consumer Channel for Pharmaceuticals in the UK
• 12. Pharmaceutical Wholesaling in the UK
  • 12.1 Pharmaceutical Wholesaler Strategies in the UK - AAH Pharmaceuticals (Celesio), UniChem (Alliance UniChem) and Phoenix
    • AAH Pharmaceuticals (Celesio
    • UniChem (Alliance Boots)
    • Phoenix
  • 12.2 Conclusion Wholesaler Strategies in the UK
• 13. The Future for the Distribution of OTC Medicines in the UK
• 14. OTC Manufacturers’ Strategies in the UK
  • 14.1 Category Management for OTC Medicine Manufacturers in the UK
  • 14.2 Category Management Criteria for OTC Medicines Manufacturers in the UK

Graphs and Figures

• Graph 1: UK - Development of the Total Non-prescription and OTC Self-medication Medicines Market 2003 - 2006 (est)
• Graph 2: UK - % Share OTC Self-medication Medicines Market 2006 (est) by Therapeutic Category
• Graph 3: UK - % Growth of OTC Self-medication Medicines Market 2003 -2006 (est) by Therapeutic Category
• Graph 4: Pharmacy Groupings in the UK by Number of Stores
• Graph 5: Leading Supermarket Groups % Share of UK Grocery Market in the UK

Tables

• Table 1 Leading Competitors’ € Market Share Non-prescription Bound Sector Compared to the OTC Sector
• Table 2 Consumer Sources of Purchase for OTC Self-Medication by Channel in the UK 2006
• Table 3 Share of Pharmacies in the UK by Region
• Table 4 Virtual Pharmacy Chains and in the UK
• Table 5 Leading Pharmacy Chains and Number of Outlets in the UK
• Table 6 Post Merger Boots Sales in the UK compared to Pre-merger Boots the Chemist Sales - % by Category 2006
• Table 7 Number of Pharmacies Located in Supermarket Chains in the UK
• Table 8 Leading Pharmaceutical Wholesalers in the UK - 2005/2006
• Table 9 Celesio Wholesale Turnover € Millions 2005/6
• Table 10 UniChem Turnover in the UK 2005/6 (excluding Boots Wholesale Turnover)

Chapter 12 OTC Distribution in Austria & Switzerland

• Austria
• 1. Introduction - The Austrian OTC Medicines Market
• 2. Leading OTC (non-prescription) Medicines Companies in Austria
• 3. The Regulatory Environment for OTC (non-prescription) Medicines in Austria
  • 3.1 Classification of Medicines in Austria
  • 3.2 Registration of OTC Medicines in Austria
  • 3.3 Regulations covering the Distribution of OTC Medicines in Austria
  • 3.4 Regulations covering the Control of Pharmacies in Austria
  • 3.5 Regulations covering Pricing of OTC (non-prescription) Medicines in Austria
  • 3.6 Regulations covering the Advertising of OTC (non-prescription) Medicines in Austria 7
• 4. The Distribution Environment for OTC (non-prescription) Medicines in Austria
  • 4.1 The Retail Pharmacy Environment for OTC (non-prescription) Medicines in Austria
  • 4.2 Retail Pharmacy Economics in Austria
• 5. Prices and Margins for OTC (non-prescription) Medicines in Austria
• 6. Pharmaceutical Wholesalers in Austria
  • 6.1 Ownership of Pharmaceutical Wholesalers in Austria
• 7. The Future for OTC Distribution in Austria
  • Switzerland
• 8. Introduction - The Swiss OTC (non-prescription) Medicines Market
• 10. The Regulatory Environment for OTC Medicines in Switzerland
  • 10.1 Classification of Medicines in Switzerland
  • 10.2 Pharmaceutical Product Classifications in Switzerland
  • 10.3 Registration of OTC Medicines in Switzerland
  • 10.4 Regulations covering the Distribution of OTC (non-prescription) Medicines in Switzerland
  • 10.5 Regulations covering Pharmacy or Drugstore Ownership in Switzerland
  • 10.6 Pricing of OTC Medicines in Switzerland
  • 10.7 Regulations covering the Advertising of OTC (non-prescription) Medicines in Switzerland
  • 10.8 Regulations covering the Use of Trademarks of OTC (non-prescription) Medicines in Switzerland
• 11. Healthcare Reforms in Switzerland and their Impact on the Swiss OTC Pharmaceuticals Industry
• 12. The Distribution Environment in Switzerland
  • 12.1 OTC (non-prescription) Medicines in Retail Pharmacies in Switzerland
  • 12.2 Sources of Pharmacy Turnover Switzerland
  • 12.3 Self-medication on the Net - Swiss Pharmacies engaged in e-commerce
  • 12.4 Distribution of OTC (non-prescription) Medicines through Drugstores in Switzerland
• 13. Prices and Margins of OTC Medicines in Switzerland
• 14. Swiss Pharmaceutical Wholesalers
• 15. The Future for OTC Distribution in Switzerland

Graphs and Figures

• Graph 1: Austria - Development of the Total Non-prescription and OTC Self-medication Market 2003 - 2006
• Graph 2: Austria -Total Non-prescription and OTC Self-Medication Market - Split by Major Therapeutic Category (Value) 2006
• Graph 3: Switzerland - Development of the Total Non-prescription Market 2003 -2006
• Graph 4: Switzerland -% Key Category Share OTC Self-medication Market 2006
• Graph 5: Switzerland - Growth History Key Non-prescription OTC Self-medication Categories 2003 - 2006
• Graph 6: Switzerland - Split of Non-prescription and OTC Medicines Sales through Pharmacies, Drugstores & Dispensing Doctors 2005

Tables

• Table 1 Top 5 Companies % Share of the Total Non-prescription OTC Self-medication Medicines Market Austria 2006
• Table 2 Leading Drugstore Chains in Switzerland - 2006
• Table 3 Leading Swiss Pharmacy Wholesalers

Chapter 13 OTC Distribution in the Nordic Region

• Sweden, Denmark, Finland and Norway
• Sweden
• 1. Introduction - The Swedish Non-prescription and OTC Self-medication Medicines Market
• 2. Manufacturers of OTC Medicines in Sweden
• 3. The Regulatory Environment for OTC Medicines in Sweden
  • 3.1 Classification of Medicines in Sweden
  • 3.2 Registration of OTC Medicines in Sweden
  • 3.3 Regulations covering the Distribution of OTC Medicines in Sweden
  • 3.4 Pricing of OTC Medicines in Sweden
  • 3.5 Advertising Regulations for OTC Medicines in Sweden
  • 3.6 Use of Trademarks for OTC Self-medication Medicines in Sweden
• 4. Distribution Environment for OTC Self-medication Medicines in Sweden
  • 4.1 Pharmacy Distribution for OTC Self-medication Medicines in Sweden
  • 4.2 The Retail Environment for OTC Self-medication Medicines in Sweden
• 5. Changing Structure of Pharmaceutical Wholesalers in Sweden
  • 5.1 Prices and Margins
• 6. Internet and Distance Selling of OTC Self-medication Medicines in Sweden
• Denmark
• 7. Introduction - The Danish OTC Medicines Market
• 8. Sales Split of Key Categories of OTC Medicines in Denmark
• 9. The Regulatory Environment for OTC Self Medication Medicines in Denmark
  • 9.1 Classification of Medicines in Denmark
  • 9.2 Registration of OTC Self-medication Medicines in Denmark
• 10. Regulations for the Distribution of OTC Self-medication Consumer Medicines in Denmark
• 11. Regulations for the Distribution of Pharmacy Only OTC Self-medication Consumer Medicines in Denmark
  • 11.1 Regulations covering Internet and Distance Selling of OTC Medicines in Denmark
• 12. Pricing Regulations for OTC Medicines in Denmark
• 13. Advertising Regulations for OTC Self-medication Consumer Medicines in Denmark
  • 13.1 Rules Applying to TV Advertising of OTC Medicines in Denmark
  • 13.2 Rules Applying to Radio Advertising of OTC Medicines in Denmark
  • 13.3 Rules Applying to Print Advertising of OTC Medicines in Denmark
• 14. Trade Margins / VAT for Pharmaceuticals in Denmark
• 15. Rules Covering Use of Trademarks for Pharmaceuticals in Denmark
• 16. The Distribution Environment for OTC Self-medication Consumer Medicines in Denmark
  • 16.1 OTC Self-medication Consumer Medicine Sales through Pharmacies in Denmark
  • 16.2 OTC Sales through Non-Pharmacy Outlets in Denmark
  • 16.3 OTC Self-medication Consumer Medicines - Distance Selling through Internet Pharmacies in Denmark
• 17. Restructuring of Pharmaceutical Wholesalers’ Network in Denmark
• Finland
• 18. Introduction - The Finnish OTC Self-medication Consumer Medicines Market
• 19. Sales Split of Key Categories of OTC Self-medication Consumer Medicines in Finland 20
• 20. The Regulatory Environment for OTC Medicines in Finland
  • 20.1 Registration and Classification of Medicines in Finland
  • 20.2 Registration of OTC Medicines in Finland
  • 20.3 Patient Information Requirements in Finland for OTC Medicines
• 21. Regulations for the Distribution of OTC Medicines in Finland
• 22. Pricing Regulations for OTC Medicines in Finland
• 23. Advertising Regulations for OTC Self-medication Medicines in Finland
• 24. Trade Margins / VAT for OTC Medicines in Finland
• 25. Use of Trademarks for OTC Self-medication Consumer Medicines in Finland
• 26. Customer Information Channels for OTC Self-medication Consumer Medicines in Finland
• 27. The Distribution Environment for OTC Self-medication Consumer Medicines in Finland
  • 27.1 Pharmacies in Finland
  • 27.2 Self-medication - Distance Selling through Internet Pharmacies in Finland
  • 27.3 Sources of Pharmacy Sales Turnover in Finland
• 28. Restructuring of the Pharmaceutical Wholesaler Network in Finland
• Norway
• 29. Introduction - The Norwegian OTC Self-medication Consumer Market
  • 29.1 Sales Split of the Main OTC Self-medication Consumer Medicine Categories in Norway
• 30. Leading Competitors in the Norwegian OTC Self-medication Consumer Market
• 31. The Regulatory Environment for OTC Medicines in Norway
  • 31.1 Classification of Medicines in Norway
  • 31.2 Registration of OTC Medicines in Norway
  • 31.3 Regulations for the Distribution of OTC Medicines in Norway
  • 31.4 Pricing Regulations for OTC Medicines in Norway
  • 31.5 Advertising Regulations for OTC Medicines in Norway
• 32. Trade Margins and VAT for OTC Medicines in Norway
• 33. Rules Covering Use of Trademarks for Pharmaceuticals in Norway
• 34. The Distribution Environment for OTC Self-medication Consumer Medicines in Norway
  • 34.1 The Structure of Distribution Channels for OTC Self-medication Consumer Medicines in Norway
  • 34.2 Retail Pharmacies in Norway
  • 34.3 Self-medication - Distance Selling through Internet Pharmacies in Norway
  • 34.4 Non-pharmacy and Grocery Distribution of OTC Medicines in Norway
• 35. Pharmaceutical Wholesalers in Norway
• 36. Distribution of OTC Self-medication Consumer Medicines in the Nordic Region Summary Conclusions

Graphs and Figures

• Graph 1: Sweden - Development of the Non-prescription and OTC Self-medication Medicines Market 2003 - 2006 (est
• Graph 2: Denmark - Development of the Total Self-Medication Market at Consumer Prices euromillions 2003 - 2006
• Graph 3: Denmark - Danish Sales of GSL Medicines in Non-pharmacy Outlets 2003 - 2006 (est.) Retail Selling Prices in euro Millions
• Graph 4: Finland - Development of the Total Non-prescription, OTC Self-medication Consumer Market 2003 - 2006 (Consumer Prices euros millions)
• Graph 5: Norway - Development of the Total Non-prescription Pharmaceutical Market 1999 - 2004 - (Consumer Prices euro millions)
• Graph 6: Nordic Region - % Share of the Total Non-prescription Pharmaceutical Market (Consumer Prices euro millions)

Tables

• Table 1 Sweden - Total Self Medication Sales - Split by Major Category (Value)
• Table 2 Denmark Total OTC Self Medication Sales - Split by Major Category (Value) 2006
• Table 3 Types of Outlet Distributing OTC Self-medication in Denmark
• Table 4 Finland Total OTC Self-medication Consumer Pharmaceutical Sales - Split by Major Category (Value) 2006
• Table 5 Norway Total OTC Self-Medication Sales - Split by Major Category (Value) 2006
• Table 6 Top OTC Pharmaceutical Companies in Norway % Market Share 2006
• Table 7 OTC Medicines Prices in Pharmacies - LMI Survey
• Table 8 Retail Outlets Selling OTC Medicines in Norway
• Table 9 Market Shares Leading Retail Pharmacy Chains in Norway 2006

Chapter 14 OTC Distribution in Central & Eastern Europe

• Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Slovenia
• Introduction Market Opportunities for OTC Self-medication Medicines in Central and Eastern Europe
• Poland
• 1. Introduction - The Polish OTC Self-medication Market
• 2. Poland - Sales Split of Non-prescription OTC Self-medication by Key Therapeutic Categories in Poland
• 3. Non-prescription OTC Medicines Therapeutic Category Growth in Poland 2003 - 2006
• 4. Regional Split of the Polish Pharmaceutical Market
• 5. Leading Competitors in the Polish OTC Medicines Market
• 6. The Regulatory Environment for Non-prescription and OTC Self-medication Medicines in Poland
  • 6.1 Classification of Medicines in Poland
  • 6.2 Registration of OTC Medicines in Poland
• 7. Regulations Governing Marketing and Distribution Channels for OTC Medicines in Poland
  • 7.1 Pharmacy and Non-pharmacy Retail Channels for OTC Medicines in Poland
  • 7.2 Controls on Pricing and Margins of OTC Medicines in Poland
  • 7.3 Advertising and Promotion of OTC Medicines in Poland
• 8. Changing Distribution Environment for Non-prescription OTC Self-medication Medicines in Poland
  • 8.1 The Retail Pharmacy Environment for OTC Self-medication in Poland
• 9. Main Pharmaceutical Wholesalers in Poland
  • Polska Grupa Farmaceutyczna (PGF)
  • Farmacol
  • Prosper
  • Torfarm
  • Orfe Group
  • CF Cefarm
  • Phoenix
• 9.1 Role of Pharmaceutical Wholesalers in Poland
• Hungary
• 10. Introduction - The Hungarian Self-Medication Market
  • 10.1 Market for Registered Non-prescription OTC Medicines in Hungary
  • 10.2. Hungary - Sales Split of Key Therapeutic Categories of OTC Self-medication Medicines
• 9.3 Main Competitors Non-prescription Medicines in Hungary
• 11. The Regulatory Environment for OTC Self-medication Medicines in Hungary
  • 11.1 Directives
  • 11.2 Medicines Classification in Hungary
  • 11.3 Registration of OTC Medicines in Hungary
  • 11.4 Regulations for Distribution of OTC Medicines in Hungary
  • 11.5 Pricing of OTC Medicines in Hungary
  • 11.6 Regulations on Advertising OTC Medicines in Hungary
  • 11.7 Trade Margins / VAT on OTC Medicines in Hungary
  • 11.8 Use of Trademarks for OTC Medicines in Hungary
• 12. The Distribution Environment for Self-Medication Hungary
  • 12.1 Pharmaceutical Wholesalers in Hungary
  • 12.2 Growth of Retail Pharmacies in Hungary
  • 12.3 Hungary - Classification of Pharmacies by Size, Location and Market Share
• 13. General Sales List for OTC Self-medication Medicines in Hungary
• Czech Republic
• 14. Introduction - The Czech Republic OTC Market
• 15. Sales Split of Key Categories of OTC Medicines in the Czech Republic
• 16. The Regulatory Environment for OTC Self-medication Medicines in the Czech Republic
  • 16.1 Medicine Classifications in the Czech Republic
  • 16.2 Registration of OTC Medicines in the Czech Republic
• 17. Regulations Governing Marketing and Distribution Channels for OTC Medicines in the Czech Republic
  • 17.1 Permitted Retail Channels for OTC (non-prescription) Self-medication Medicines in the Czech Republic
  • 17.2 Pharmacy Ownership and Self-service Regulations for OTC Medicines in the Czech Republic
  • 17.3 Pricing of OTC Medicines in the Czech Republic
  • 17.4 Pricing for Reimbursed medicines in the Czech Republic
  • 17.5 Regulations on Advertising OTC Medicines in the Czech Republic
  • 17.6 Controls on Advertising of OTC Medicines in the Czech Republic
  • 17.7 Patient Information Requirements for OTC Medicines in the Czech Republic
  • 17.8 Use of Trademarks for OTC Medicines in the Czech Republic
• 18. Trade Margins / VAT for OTC Self-medication Medicines in the Czech Republic
• 19. The Distribution Environment for OTC (non-prescription medicines in the Czech Republic
  • 19.1 Pharmaceutical Wholesalers in the Czech Republic
• 20. Growth of Pharmacies in the Czech Republic
  • 20.1 Leading Pharmacy Chains in the Czech Republic
  • 20.2 Non-pharmacy Distribution in Czech Republic
  • 20.3 Internet Pharmacies and Distance Selling of Pharmaceuticals in the Czech Republic
• Slovak Republic
• 21. Introduction - The Slovak Republic OTC Medicines Market
• 22. Sales Split of Key Therapeutic Categories of OTC Self-medication Medicines in the Slovak Republic
• 23. The Regulatory Environment for OTC Medicines in the Slovak Republic
  • 23.1 Medicinal Classifications in the Slovak Republic
  • 23.2 Registration of OTC Medicines in the Slovak Republic
  • 23.3 Regulations on the Distribution of OTC Medicines in the Slovak Republic
  • 23.4 Pricing Regulations for OTC Medicines in the Slovak Republic
  • 23.5 Reference Pricing System - Reimbursed Medicines in the Slovak Republic
  • 23.6 Rules on Advertising OTC Medicines in the Slovak Republic
  • 23.7 Advertising Controls on OTC Medicines in the Slovak Republic
  • 23.8 Patient Information Requirements for OTC Medicines in Slovakia
• 24. Trade Margins / VAT for OTC Medicines in Slovakia
• 25. Use of Trade Marks for OTC Medicines in Slovakia
• 26. The Distribution Environment for Non-prescription and OTC Self-medication Medicines - Slovak Republic
  • 26.1 Pharmaceutical Wholesalers in Slovakia
  • 26.2 Pharmacies and Pharmacy Chains in Slovakia
• Slovenia
• 27. Introduction - The Slovenian OTC Self-medication Market
• 28. Slovenia - Sales Split of OTC Self-medication by Key Therapeutic Categories
• 29. The Regulatory Environment for OTC Medicines in Slovenia
  • 29.1 Directives
  • 29.2 Medicinal Classifications for OTC Medicines in Slovenia
  • 29.3 Registration of OTC Medicines in Slovenia
  • 29.4 Regulations on the Distribution of OTC Medicines in Slovenia
  • 29.5 Pricing Controls on OTC Medicines in Slovenia
  • 29.6 Rules on Advertising OTC Medicines in Slovenia
  • 29.7 Patient Information Requirements for OTC Medicines in Slovenia
• 30. Trade Margins / VAT for OTC Medicines in Slovenia
• 31. Use of Trade Marks for OTC Medicines in Slovenia
• 32. The Distribution Environment for Non-prescription OTC Self-medication Medicines in Slovenia
  • 32.1 Pharmacies in Slovenia
  • 32.2 Internet Pharmacies and Distance Selling of Pharmaceutical Products in Slovenia

Graphs and Figures

• Graph 1: Poland - Development of the Total Non-prescription OTC Self-medication Medicine Market 2003 - 2006
• Graph 2: Poland - Total Self-Medication Sales - Split by Major Therapeutic Category (Value) 2006
• Graph 3: Poland - Non-prescription OTC Self-medication Therapeutic Category % € Growth Rates 2003 - 2006
• Graph 4: Hungary - Development of Total Non-prescription and OTC Self-medication Market (Retail Sales Prices - euros millions) 2003 - 2006
• Graph 5: Hungary Non-prescription OTC Self-medication Sales in Pharmacies - % Split by Major Therapeutic Category (Value) 2006 Hungary
• Graph 6: Hungary - Non-prescription and OTC Self-medication Medicines - Sales Growth by Therapeutic Category 2003 - 2006
• Graph 7: Main Competitors Non-prescription Medicines in Hungary
• Graph 8: Czech Republic - Development of the Total Non-Prescription and OTC Self-medication Market 2003 - 2006 (euos millions at Consumer Prices)
• Graph 9: Czech - OTC Self Medication Sales - Split by Major Therapeutic Category (Value) 2006
• Graph 10: Czech Republic - Non-prescription and OTC Self-medication Medicines - Sales Growth by Therapeutic Category 2003 - 2006
• Graph 11: Slovak Republic - Development of the Non-Prescription OTC Self-medication Medicines Market 2003 - 2006
• Graph 12: Slovak Republic - Non-prescription and OTC Self-medication Medicines - Sales Growth by Therapeutic Category 2003 - 2006
• Graph 13: Slovenia - Development of the Total Non-Prescription Market 2003 - 2006 (Consumer prices)

Tables

• Table 1 Regional Split of the Polish Pharmaceutical Market
• Table 2 Average Wholesaler and Pharmacy Margins in Hungary 2006
• Table 3 Market Shares of the Main Pharmaceutical Wholesalers in Hungary - 2006
• Table 4 Hungary Classification of Pharmacies by Size, Location and Market Share
• Table 5 Pharmaceutical Trade Mark-ups in the Czech Republic
• Table 6 € % Share Pharmaceutical Full Line Wholesalers in the Czech Republic
• Table 7 Czech RepublicGrowth in Numbers of Pharmacies 1990 - 2005
• Table 8 Slovak Republic - Pharmaceutical Trade Margins and VAT
• Table 9 Slovenia - Pharmaceutical Trade Margins and VAT

Chapter 15 Conclusions of the Report Exploring New Frontiers - OTC Distribution in Europe

• 1. Growth trends and outline Prognosis for Europe’s Non-prescription OTC Selfmedication and Self-care Markets to 2012
  • 1.1 Growth Clusters by Country - European Non-prescription and OTC Selfmedication Market
• 2. Summary of the Main Factors Driving Change in Europe’s Non-prescription, Selfmedication and Self-care Markets to 2012
  • 2.1 The Legacy of Change Resulting from Health Reforms in Germany
  • 2.2 Overturning of Pharmacy Establishment Laws in many European Markets (France, Italy, Spain and Austria)
  • 2.3 Abolition of the Retail Pharmacy State Monopoly in Sweden
  • 2.4 The Concentration of Pharmaceutical Wholesaler Buying Power across European Borders
  • 2.5 The rapid growth of large ‘virtual’ pharmacy chains especially in Germany, Switzerland and the Netherlands
  • 2.6 Growth of General Sale Listing (GSL) of selective OTC medicines for Selfmedication across Europe - Influence of Major Mass Market Chains
  • 2.7 Mass Market Retail Chains acquisition of Pharmacies Para-pharmacies and OTC Licenses in Europe
  • 2.8 Competing in the Mass-Market Implications for Brand Market Shares of OTC Self-medication Medicines in Europe
  • 2.9 Unfolding development of Internet pharmacy in the European Union
• 3. Developments in Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia
• 4. The Changing Consumer Healthcare Market - Estimating the Speed of Change by Exploring Regulatory Freedoms in Europe’s Main Markets for OTC Self-medication Medicines
  • 4.1 Main European States Ranked by Marketing Freedoms for OTC Medicines
  • 4.2 Main European States Ranked by Pharmacy Regulatory Freedoms
  • 4.3 Main European States OTC Medicines Markets Ranked by Total Regulatory Freedoms
• 5. The Key Challenges to Non-prescription and OTC
  • Self-medication Medicines Manufacturers in Europe to 2012
  • 5.1 Balancing Competitive Intensity between Brands and Competitive Intensity between Retail Groups - a major New Challenge for Consumer Healthcare Companies many European Markets
  • 5.2 Consumer Healthcare Suppliers Decisions in Response to Distribution Channel Changes in Europe
• 6. Conclusions - Exploring New Frontiers in the European Consumer Healthcare Market Lessons learned over the 15 years and six editions of this Study

Graphs and Figures

• Graph 1: Forecast of Sales of the Total Non-prescription Bound and OTC Self-medication market for 18 major Markets - € millions at Consumer Purchase Prices 2007 - 2012
• Figure 1: Europe - 18 Country Study -Non-prescription and OTC Self- medication Markets - Growth Cycle Analysis based on Market Share of Growth Clusters
• Figure 2: Increasing Competitive Intensity in a Changing Multi channel Supply Chain - Impacts on Consumer Healthcare Brands in Europe
• Figure 3: Framework - Supplier Decision Steps in Response to Changes in the Supply Chain

Tables

• Table 1 Europe -18 Country Study Prognosis and Key Issues for the Strategic Agenda by Country to 2012
• Table 2 Europe’s Main OTC Medicines Markets Ranked by Marketing Freedoms 2007 compared to 2005
• Table 3 Europe’s Main OTC Medicines Markets Ranked by Pharmacy Freedoms 2007 compared to 2005
• Table 4 Europe’s Main OTC Markets Ranked by Total Freedoms 2005 compared to 2007