類比播放結束：數位紅利及電視服務

Abstract

Overview

The gradual cut-off of analogue broadcasting, to be replaced by Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT), started several years ago in the major developed market economy countries, most of which have already set the date for complete switch-off in their countries. Nevertheless, the rollout and implementation of this cutover have proven to be very different from one country to the other and present various approaches to the arrival of digital broadcasting.

Two goals are driving analogue signal cut-off to make way for digital transmission alone. The most important is to take advantage of digital signal compression technologies to release spectrum resources and optimise spectrum use. Each nation will make the decision to reallocate released frequencies but, already, audiovisual and telecom players are positioning themselves to gain a share in this digital dividend. The second essential objective is migration to digital: improve audiovisual equipment for all households so they can benefit from a more enriched, diversified and extensive television experience.

This study first of all presents an overview and perspective on the various switch-off methods in Europe, the United States and Japan. It then highlights the cutover' s major issues. Finally, it analyses the magnitude of repercussions on changes in the audiovisual sector, especially in terms of frequency management and new service launches, far beyond just the cutoff phase.

Key Questions

• What are the various types of national switch-off approaches?
• What are the major issues for cutting over to all digital?
• What will the network landscape look like the day after switch-off?
• Where will the consumer be when switch-off happens?
• How will the digital dividend be managed?
• Who will be the switch-off winners and losers?

Who should read this report?

Telecom Operators

• Analyse the telecom operators' role in DTT development
• Identify digital dividend operational potential for telecom services

Media groups

• Get a general overview of switch-off methods
• Understand the implications of switch-off on the audiovisual ecosystem

Regulators

• Identify the issues on digital dividend utilisation
• Understand the characteristics of national market in digital spectrum reallocation

Investors and analysts

• Evaluate the DTT development outlook
• Analyse new audiovisual services

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

2. International overview for switch-off methods

• 2.1. France
  • 2.1.1. General switch-off framework
  • 2.1.2. Attendant measures for switch-off
  • 2.1.3. Solutions for shadow regions?
  • 2.1.4. Pre-emption of future channels released for television services
• 2.2. Germany
  • 2.2.1. General switch-off framework
  • 2.2.2. Attendant measures for switch-off
  • 2.2.3. Solutions for shadow regions?
  • 2.2.4. Pre-emption of future channels released for television services
• 2.3. United Kingdom
  • 2.3.1. General switch-off framework
  • 2.3.2. Attendant measures for switch-off
  • 2.3.3. Solutions for shadow regions?
  • 2.3.4. OFCOM remains neutral on digital dividend use
• 2.4. Italy
  • 2.4.1. General switch-off framework
  • 2.4.2. Attendant measures for switch-off
  • 2.4.3. Solutions for shadow regions?
  • 2.4.4. For AGCOM, spectrum management should promote diversity in television services
• 2.5. Spain
  • 2.5.1. General switch-off framework
  • 2.5.2. Attendant measures for switch-off
  • 2.5.3. Solutions for shadow regions?
  • 2.5.4. Post-switch-off spectrum reorganisation
• 2.6. United States
  • 2.6.1. General switch-off framework
  • 2.6.2. Attendant measures for switch-off
  • 2.6.3. Primary switch-off beneficiaries: telecommunications and emergency services
• 2.7. Japan
  • 2.7.1. General switch-off framework
  • 2.7.2. Attendant measures for switch-off
  • 2.7.3. Solutions for shadow regions?
  • 2.7.4. Spectrum management favourable to mobile telecommunications
• 2.8. Switch-off calendar for other European countries
• 2.9. Overview
  • 2.9.1. Switch-off schedule
  • 2.9.2. Switch-off problems

3. Key questions about switch-off

• 3.1. Towards all-digital?
  • 3.1.1. Five key factors that will determine switch-off success
  • 3.1.2. Post-switch-off situation
• 3.2. The Digital Dividend: for whom and why?
  • 3.2.1. Services selected for reusing frequencies
  • 3.2.2. Legal framework
  • 3.2.3. The main operators position
  • 3.2.4. The question of technological neutrality
  • 3.2.5. The countries' attitude
  • 3.2.6. Consequences of payment for access to spectrum by television channels
  • 3.2.7. Long-term view: to a second switch-off?
• 3.3. Switch-off impact on principle operators
  • 3.3.1. The consumer, big winner in switch-off
  • 3.3.2. Advantages for audiovisual operators
  • 3.3.3. Audiovisual transmission operators threatened?

4. Appendix List of channels available on DTT

• 4.1. France
• 4.2. Germany
• 4.3. United Kingdom
• 4.4. Italy
• 4.5. Spain

List of Tables and Figures

Tables

• Table 1: Landmarks in French DTT
• Table 2: DTT deployment schedule in France
• Table 3: Landmarks in German DTT
• Table 4: Date DTT started in the first block in each German land
• Table 5: Landmarks in British DTT
• Table 6: Switch-off Schedule for the United Kingdom
• Table 7: Landmarks in Italian DTT
• Table 8: Landmarks in Spanish DTT
• Table 9: Spain' s DTT coverage phases defined in the National Technical Plan
• Table 10: Landmarks in Japanese DTT
• Table 11: Analogue television cut-off dates in other European countries
• Table 12: Switch-off schedule
• Table 13: Overview of switch-off problems in the countries studied
• Table 14: DTT over satellite offer in major European countries
• Table 15: Analogue terrestrial households and DTT equipment in European homes
• Table 16: Key factors in switch-off success in the large European countries
• Table 17: Forecast of Television Reception Modes in 2010
• Table 18: Distribution of households that will not migrate to DTT between other broadcast networks
• Table 19: Examples of approaches to the digital dividend
• Table 20: List of channels available on French DTT
• Table 21: List of channels available on German DTT
• Table 22: List of channels available on British DTT
• Table 23: List of channels available on Italian DTT
• Table 24: List of channels available on Spanish DTT

Figures

• Figure 1: French DTT equipped homes as of March 31, 2007
• Figure 2: Logo created by the DVB-T Task Force
• Figure 3: Territorial division of the British switch-off phases
• Figure 4: Purchases of DTT receivers in Italy between February 2004 and February 2007
• Figure 5: DGTVi certification logo
• Figure 6: Purchases of DTT receivers in Spain between March 2003 and February 2007
• Figure 7: Detail of the advertising campaign poster launched by Impulsa TDT for Christmas 2006
• Figure 8: A guide to Digital Transition published by the FCC
• Figure 9: NHK' s publicity banner for Digital TV
• Figure 10: Stickers used to differentiate digital televisions from analogue ones
• Figure 11: Key switch-off factors
• Figure 12: Broadcast network presence by type of area
• Figure 13: Estimate of the change in network TV market share between 2006 and 2010