Abstract
D&MD' s Commercial Opportunities in Enzyme Technologies, 3rd Edition examines the many current opportunities for enzymes as well as areas targeted for future growth. Specific attention is paid to the growing and various uses of enzymes over several industries from industrial uses to therapeutic targets. In addition, this Report profiles companies designing and producing enzymes, detailing their technologies and product pipelines
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
CHAPTER 2: INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 3: FOUNDATIONS
- General Principles
- Background
- Enzymes as Catalysts
- Michaelis-Menten Kinetics
- Inhibition
- Regulatory Enzymes
- Cofactors and Prosthetic Groups
- Membrane Enzymes
- Multiplicity and Isoenzymes
- Enzymes in Metabolism
- Formal Classification Groups for Enzymes
- The Six EC Nomenclature Classes
- Proteases
- Saccharases
- Lipases
- Other Enzymes of Industrial Importance
- Enzyme Assays
- Colorimetric Assays
- Fluorimetric Assays
- Electrochemical Assays
- Other Types of Assays
CHAPTER 4: ENZYME ENGINEERING
- Source Organisms
- Extremophiles
- Thermophiles
- Psychrophiles
- Halophiles
- Acidophiles
- Alkalophiles
- Piezophiles
- Mesophilic Terrestrial Bacteria
- Eukaryotes
- Extremophiles
- Strategies for Developing Diversity Libraries
- Other Sources of Diversity
- Abzymes
- Engineering Goals
- Engineering Enzymes to Survive in Industry Environments
- Protein Engineering Lessons Learned from Thermophiles
- Improving Enzyme Activity at Low Temperature
- Increasing Tolerance to Extremes in pH
- Incompatibility between Thermal Stabilization and Low Temperature Activity
- Selecting for Multiple Parameters
- Compatible Solutes
- Engineering Methods
- Modeling and Rational Design
- Evolution
- Screening
- Format and Purification
CHAPTER 5: ENZYMES AS COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS
- Market Demand for Enzymes
- Detergent Additives
- Food Additives and Food Processing
- Corn Syrup
- Alcohol and Beverages
- Rennet and Rennet Substitutes
- Enzymes for Feed Supplementation
- Phytase
- Xylanase
- Other Feed Additive Enzymes
- Thermostabilization of Feed Supplement Enzymes
- Industrial Production of Enzymes for Feed Additives
- Major Competitors with Enzyme Supplementation for Feed
- Pharmaceuticals
- FDA-Approved Enzyme Drugs
- Research and Development Products
- Signaling (Probe) Enzymes
- Alkaline Phosphatase and Horseradish Peroxidase
- Luciferase
- Expression Tags
- Proteases
- Lysozyme
- Nucleases
- Taq and other Thermostable DNA Polymerases
- Restriction Endonucleases
- DNAse and RNAse
- Reverse Transcriptase
- Other Specialty Enzymes
- Alkaline Phosphatase and Horseradish Peroxidase
- Signaling (Probe) Enzymes
- Clinical Assays
- Forensic PCR
- PCR Basics
- Human Variations
- Clinical PCR
- ELISA
- Forensic PCR
CHAPTER 6: ENZYMES AS THERAPY TARGETS
- Enzyme Target Families
CHAPTER 7: POTENTIAL GROWTH AREAS FOR ENZYMES
- Pharmaceutical Processing
- Chiral Resolutio ns
- Chiral Examples
- Nonchiral Examples
- Solid Phase Enzyme Chemistry
- Biocatalysis Formats
- Solid Phase Enzyme Chemistry Example
- Specialty Chemical Applications
- Biopulping
- Paper and Pulp
- Fermentation Feedstock
- Waste Remediation
- Explosives
- Organophosphates in Pesticide Residues and Nerve Gas
- Biosensors
- Glucose Monitors
- Biofilm Control
- Energy Substitution-Ethanol
CHAPTER 8: COMPANY PROFILES
- Altus Pharmaceuticals
- Biocon
- BioResearch Ireland
- Chimerix
- DIREVO Biotech
- Diversa
- GE Healthcare
- Genencor
- Hoffmann-La Roche
- Invitrogen
- Kikkoman
- Maxygen
- Novo Nordisk
- Toyobo
- Xencor
