Overview
The market for heating, air conditioning, and commercial refrigeration equipment is influenced by several factors. Trends in residential and commercial construction, the motor vehicle industry, and energy sources and prices can greatly affect demand for heating and cooling equipment. New product developments and the level of activity in these markets are indicators of conditions in the industry.
Construction Market
The value of total new construction in the U.S. (measured in constant 1996 dollars) declined by 0.8% to $686.9 billion in 2003. With the economic recovery now under way, the overall value of new construction is expected to post minor growth in 2004, followed by a stronger gain in 2005.
New private nonresidential construction fell by 15.0% to total $116.4 billion in 2003. Office construction was especially hard hit. Although this type of construction activity declined, the heating, air conditioning, and commercial refrigeration equipment industry did well in 2003.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION I: EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW
- Analysis:
- Overview 1
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales 1
- SEER Regulations 2
- Efficient Furnaces 2
- Foreign Trade 3
- Tables:
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Heating, Air Conditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment:
- Total 4
- By Type 5
- Product Mix 6
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Heating, Air Conditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment:
SECTION II: THE U.S. MARKET FOR HEATING EQUIPMENT
- Analysis:
- Natural Gas Prices 7
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Heating Equipment 7
- Nonelectric Warm Air Furnaces and Humidifiers 8
- Gas-Fired Unit Heaters and Floor and Wall Furnaces 9
- Electric Heating Equipment 10
- Cast-Iron Boilers 10
- Outdoor Heaters 11
- Tables:
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Heating Equipment:
- Total 12
- By Type 13
- Product Mix 15
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Nonelectric Warm Air Furnaces and Humidifiers:
- Total 17
- By Type 18
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Nonelectric Warm Air Furnaces, by Type 19
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Gas-Fired Unit Heaters and Floor and Wall Furnaces 20
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Gas-Fired Unit Heaters 21
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Floor and Wall Furnaces:
- Total 22
- By Type 23
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Electric Heating Equipment:
- Total 24
- By Type 25
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Air Space Heaters:
- Total 26
- By Type 27
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Cast-Iron Boilers:
- Total 29
- Gas-Type 30
- Other Types 31
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Cast-Iron Radiators and Convectors 32
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Steel Heating Boilers 33
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Oil Burners Sold Separately 34
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Domestic Heating Stoves:
- Total 35
- By Type 36
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Solar Energy Collectors 37
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Heating Equipment:
SECTION III: THE U.S. MARKET FOR AIR CONDITIONING AND COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION EQUIPMENT
- Analysis:
- Overview 38
- Air Conditioning Equipment 39
- Heat-Transfer Equipment 39
- Ductless Air Conditioning 40
- Room Air Conditioners 41
- DemandStream 42
- Future of Air Conditioning 42
- Electrically Operated Dehumidifiers 44
- Commercial Refrigeration Equipment 44
- Tables:
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Air Conditioning and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment:
- Total 46
- By Type 47
- Product Mix 48
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Air Conditioning Equipment:
- Total 49
- By Type 50
- Product Mix 51
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Heat-Transfer Equipment:
- Total 52
- By Type 53
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Air Conditioning Systems for Mobile and Mechanical Vehicles 56
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Air Conditioning Units and Systems for Passenger Automobiles 57
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Air Conditioning Units and Systems for Trucks, Buses, and Construction and Agricultural Machinery 58
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Centrifugal Liquid-Chilling Packages 59
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Air Conditioning Coils and Related Equipment, by Type 60
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Shell-and-Tube, Shell-and-Coil, Shell-and-U-Tube, and Tube-in-Tube Air Conditioning Coils, by Type 62
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Air Conditioning- and Refrigeration-Type Central System Finned Coils, by Type 63
- U.S. Manufacturers' Coil Sales by OEM, by Type 64
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Central Station Air-Handling Units:
- Total 65
- By Type 66
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Ice-Making Machines, by Type 69
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Self-Contained Automatic Ice Cube Makers, by Capacity 71
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Self-Contained Flake or Chip Machines, by Capacity 73
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Reciprocating Air- and Water-Cooled, Air-Cooled Screw, and Air- and Water-Cooled Scroll Machines 75
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Unit Coolers and Condensers, by Type 76
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Packaged Terminal Air Conditioners and Heat Pumps:
- Total 77
- By Type 78
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Factory-Fabricated Water Cooling Towers 80
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Room Fan-Coil Air Conditioning Units:
- Total 81
- By Type 82
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Evaporative Condensers:
- Total 85
- By Size 86
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Unitary Air Conditioners:
- Total 88
- By Type 89
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Split-System Air Conditioning Condensing Units:
- Total 91
- By Btuh 92
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Year-Round Single-Package and Remote Condenser Air Conditioners:
- Total 108
- By Btuh 109
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Air-Source Heat Pumps:
- Total 122
- By Type 123
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Single-Package Air-Source Heat Pumps, by Btuh 125
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Split-System Air-Source Heat Pumps, by Btuh 129
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Single-Package Air Conditioners:
- Total 133
- By Type 134
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Single-Package Horizontal Air Conditioners, by Btuh 136
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Split-System Air Conditioning Coils:
- Total 147
- By Type 148
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Water-Source Heat Pumps 150
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Compressors and Compressor Units:
- Total 151
- By Type 152
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Compressors and Compressor Units, All Refrigerants Except Ammonia, by Type 153
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Room Air Conditioners and Dehumidifiers 154
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Room Air Conditioners:
- Total 155
- By Btuh 156
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Electrically Operated Dehumidifiers 169
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Refrigeration Condensing Units 170
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Commercial Refrigeration Equipment:
- Total 171
- By Type 172
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Mechanical Drinking Water Coolers 173
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Air Conditioning and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment:
SECTION IV: THE U.S. MARKET FOR HOUSEHOLD ELECTRIC FANS
- Analysis:
- Overview 174
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Household Electric Fans 174
- Ceiling Fans 175
- Window Fans 176
- Tables:
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Household Electric Fans:
- Total 177
- By Type 178
- Product Mix 179
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Household Window Fans 180
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Ceiling Fans 181
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Other Types of Household Electric Fans 182
- U.S. Shipments of Electric Ceiling Fans 183
- U.S. Manufacturers' Sales of Household Electric Fans:
SECTION V: FACTORS AFFECTING DEMAND
- Analysis:
- Overview 184
- Construction Market 184
- Automotive Market 185
- Energy Consumption 186
- Tables:
- Value of New Construction:
- Total 188
- By Type 189
- New Private Construction, by Type 190
- New Private Residential Building Construction, by Type 191
- New Private Nonresidential Building Construction, by Type 192
- New Public Construction, by Type 194
- New Public Building Construction, by Type 196
- Privately Owned Housing Starts:
- By Type 198
- By Region 199
- Number of New Complete Single-Family Homes with Central Air Conditioning Installed 200
- Types of Heating Systems Used in New Complete Single-Family Homes 201
- Breakdown of Heating Systems Used in New Complete Single-Family Homes, by Type 202
- Types of Heating Fuels Used in New Complete Single-Family Homes 203
- Expenditures for Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning Services, by Type of Work Done 204
- Number of New Mobile Homes Placed for Residential Use:
- Total 206
- By Region 207
- World Motor Vehicle Production 209
- U.S. Motor Vehicle Production, by Type 210
- U.S. Manufacturers' Unit Sales of Recreational and Conversion Vehicles 211
- U.S. Energy Consumption:
- Total 212
- By Major Source 213
- By End-Use Sector 215
- Per Dollar of GDP 216
- Per Capita 217
- Total Number of Convenience Stores in the U.S. 218
- Total Number of Grocery Stores in the U.S. 219
- Total Number of Eating Establishments in the U.S. 220
- Builder Brand Use:
- HVAC Brand Familiarity:
- By Census Region 221
- By Average Sale Price of Residential Units 222
- By Number of Units Built 223
- HVAC Brands Used in the Past Two Years:
- By Census Region 224
- By Average Sale Price of Residential Units 225
- By Number of Units Built 226
- HVAC Brands Used the Most:
- By Census Region 227
- By Average Sale Price of Residential Units 228
- By Number of Units Built 229
- Quality Ratings of HVAC Brands:
- By Census Region 230
- By Average Sale Price of Residential Units 231
- By Number of Units Built 232
- Fireplace/Wood Stove Brand Familiarity:
- By Census Region 233
- By Average Sale Price of Residential Units 234
- By Number of Units Built 235
- Fireplace/Wood Stove Brands Used in the Past Two Years:
- By Census Region 236
- By Average Sale Price of Residential Units 237
- By Number of Units Built 238
- Fireplace/Wood Stove Brands Used the Most:
- By Census Region 239
- By Average Sale Price of Residential Units 240
- By Number of Units Built 241
- Quality Ratings of Fireplace/Wood Stove Brands:
- By Census Region 242
- By Average Sale Price of Residential Units 243
- By Number of Units Built 244
- Water Heater Brand Familiarity:
- By Census Region 245
- By Average Sale Price of Residential Units 246
- By Number of Units Built 247
- Water Heater Brands Used in the Past Two Years:
- By Census Region 248
- By Average Sale Price of Residential Units 249
- By Number of Units Built 250
- Water Heater Brands Used the Most:
- By Census Region 251
- By Average Sale Price of Residential Units 252
- By Number of Units Built 253
- Quality Ratings of Water Heater Brands:
- By Census Region 254
- By Average Sale Price of Residential Units 255
- By Number of Units Built 256
- Value of New Construction:
SECTION VI: INTERNATIONAL TRADE
- Analysis:
- Overview 257
- U.S. Imports 258
- U.S. Exports 259
- Tables:
- U.S. Apparent Consumption of Heating, Air Conditioning, Warm Air Heating, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment 260
- U.S. Balance of Trade for Heating, Air Conditioning, Warm Air Heating, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment 261
- U.S. Imports of Heating, Air Conditioning, Warm Air Heating, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Relative to U.S. Apparent Consumption 262
- U.S. Imports of Heating, Air Conditioning, Warm Air Heating, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment, by Major Segment 263
- U.S. Imports of Air Conditioning, Warm Air Heating, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment 264
- Dollar Market Shares of U.S. Import Sources for Air Conditioning, Warm Air Heating, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment 265
- U.S. Imports of Heating Equipment 266
- Dollar Market Shares of U.S. Import Sources for Heating Equipment 267
- U.S. Imports of Selected Types of Heating, Air Conditioning, Warm Air Heating, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment:
- Automotive Air Conditioners 268
- Air Conditioning Machines, Window or Wall Types, Self-Contained or Split-System 269
- Air Conditioners Without a Refrigeration Unit 270
- Compressors Used for Refrigeration Equipment 271
- Radiators for Central Heating, Made of Cast Iron 272
- Central Heating Boilers 273
- Liquid Fuel Furnace Burners 274
- Solid Fuel or Gas Furnace Burners, Including Combinations 275
- Mechanical Stokers, Including Metal Grates, Ash Dischargers, and Similar Appliances 276
- Radiators, Heaters, and Hot Air Distributors, Not Electrically Heated, With a Motor-Driven Fan or Blower 277
- Electric Storage Radiators 278
- Electric Space Heaters, Not Elsewhere Specified or Included 279
- U.S. Exports of Heating, Air Conditioning, Warm Air Heating, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Relative to U.S. Manufacturers' Sales 280
- U.S. Exports of Heating, Air Conditioning, Warm Air Heating, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment, by Major Segment 281
- U.S. Exports of Air Conditioning, Warm Air Heating, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment 282
- Dollar Market Shares of U.S. Export Destinations for Air Conditioning, Warm Air Heating, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment 283
- U.S. Exports of Heating Equipment 284
- Dollar Market Shares of U.S. Export Destinations for Heating Equipment 285
- U.S. Exports of Selected Types of Heating, Air Conditioning, Warm Air Heating, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment:
- Automotive Air Conditioners 286
- Air Conditioning Machines, Window or Wall Types, Self-Contained or Split-System 287
- Air Conditioning Machines, Not Elsewhere Specified or Included, Not Incorporating a Refrigeration Unit 288
- Compressors Used for Refrigeration Equipment 289
- Radiators for Central Heating, Made of Cast Iron 290
- Central Heating Boilers 291
- Liquid Fuel Furnace Burners 292
- Gas and Other Furnace Burners, Including Combinations 293
- Mechanical Stokers, Including Metal Grates, Ash Dischargers, and Similar Appliances 294
- Air Heaters, Not Electrically Heated, With a Motor-Driven Fan or Blower 295
- Electric Storage Radiators 296
- Electric Space Heating Equipment, Not Elsewhere Specified or
- Included 297
SECTION VII: PRODUCER PRICE TRENDS
- Analysis:
- Heating Equipment 298
- Air Conditioning and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment 299
- Tables:
- Producer Price Indexes:
- Heating Equipment:
- Total 300
- By Type 301
- Gas-Fired Floor and Wall Furnaces 304
- Cast-Iron Boilers, by Type 305
- Wood and Coal Domestic Heating Stoves 306
- Other Heating Systems, by Type 307
- Parts for Heating Systems, by Type 308
- Air Conditioning and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment:
- Total 310
- By Type 311
- Heat-Transfer Equipment, by Type 313
- Air Conditioning Systems for Mobile and Mechanical Vehicles, by Type 315
- Unitary Air Conditioners, by Type 316
- Split-System Air Conditioning Units, by Btuh 318
- Year-Round Air Conditioners, by Btuh 320
- Heat Pumps, by Type 321
- Air Conditioners (Except Window and Wall), by Type 322
- Compressors and Compressor Units, by Type 324
- Room Air Conditioners, by Btuh 325
- Hermetic-Type Motor Compressors, 10 Horsepower and Under, by Horsepower Rating 326
- Condensing Units (Except Ammonia), by Type 327
- Commercial Refrigerators and Related Equipment, by Type 328
- Commercial Refrigerated Enclosures, by Type 329
SECTION VIII: DISTRIBUTION TRENDS
- Analysis:
- Overview 331
- Retail Outlets 331
- Heating, Air Conditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Wholesalers 332
- Contractors 333
- Tables:
- Number of Heating, Air Conditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Wholesalers in the U.S., by Type 334
- Number of Plumbing and Hydronic Heating Equipment Wholesalers, Number of Employees, and Annual Payroll, by State 335
- Number of Warm Air Heating and Air Conditioning Equipment Wholesalers, Number of Employees, and Annual Payroll, by State 337
- Number of Refrigeration Equipment and Supplies Wholesalers, Number of Employees, and Annual Payroll, by State 339
- Financial Profile of Plumbing and Hydronic Heating Equipment Wholesalers:
- Total 341
- Sorted by Sales 342
- Sorted by Assets 343
- Financial Profile of Warm Air Heating and Air Conditioning Equipment
- Wholesalers:
- Total 344
- Sorted by Sales 345
- Sorted by Assets 346
- Financial Profile of Refrigeration Equipment and Supplies Wholesalers:
- Total 347
- Sorted by Sales 348
- Sorted by Assets 349
- Graph: Retail Distribution of Room Air Conditioners 350
SECTION IX: ADVERTISING AND PROMOTION
- Analysis:
- Total Media Expenditures 351
- Top Media Spenders 351
- Lennox International 352
- United Technologies 352
- Rheem Manufacturing 353
- American Standard 353
- Tables:
- Total Media Expenditures for Heating, Air Conditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment 354
- Top Five Media Spenders for Heating, Air Conditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment 355
- Top Ten Advertised Brands of Heating, Air Conditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment 356
- Media Expenditures for Heating, Air Conditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment, by Company and Brand 357
- Selected Advertising Agency Affiliations in the Heating, Air Conditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Industry 363
SECTION X: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND ECONOMICS
- Analysis:
- Air Conditioning, Warm Air Heating, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Industry 364
- Heating Equipment Industry 365
- Tables:
- Air Conditioning, Warm Air Heating, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Industry:
- Operating Structure 367
- Gross Operating Margin 368
- Value Added by Manufacture 369
- Vertical Integration Index 370
- Employment Structure 371
- Total Labor Costs 372
- Average Hourly Earnings of Production Workers 373
- Cost of Living Index for Production Workers 374
- Labor Productivity 375
- Indexes of Real Labor Productivity 376
- New Capital Expenditures 377
- Plant vs. Equipment Expenditures 378
- Ending Inventories 379
- Number of Establishments, Number of Employees, and Annual Payroll, by State 380
- Financial Profile:
- Total 382
- Sorted by Sales 383
- Sorted by Assets 384
- Heating Equipment Industry:
- Operating Structure 385
- Gross Operating Margin 386
- Value Added by Manufacture 387
- Vertical Integration Index 388
- Employment Structure 389
- Total Labor Costs 390
- Average Hourly Earnings of Production Workers 391
- Cost of Living Index for Production Workers 392
- Labor Productivity 393
- Indexes of Real Labor Productivity 394
- New Capital Expenditures 395
- Plant vs. Equipment Expenditures 396
- Ending Inventories 397
- Number of Establishments, Number of Employees, and Annual Payroll, by State 398
- Financial Profile:
- Total 400
- Sorted by Sales 401
- Sorted by Assets 402
- The Plant Manager's Workbook:
- How to Use This Section 403
- Gathering Your Data 404
- Developing Your Ratios 405
- How Does Your Plant Stack Up? 406
- Explanation of Terms 411
- Air Conditioning, Warm Air Heating, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Industry:
SECTION XI: COMPANY PROFILES
- Introduction 417
- Graphs:
- Market Shares in the Core Comfort Appliance Market 418
- Market Shares in the Room Air Conditioner Market 419
- Market Shares in the Unitary Air Conditioner/Heat Pump Market 420
- Market Shares in the Gas Furnace Market 421
- Manufacturer Profiles:
- American Standard Companies Inc.:
- Overview 422
- Air Conditioning and Heating Products 423
- Financial Performance 425
- Manufacturing Facilities 425
- Sales and Distribution Activities 426
- Company News 426
- Financial Summary and Analysis 427
- Burnham Holdings, Inc.:
- Overview 428
- Residential Products 428
- Commercial Products 429
- Financial Performance 429
- Sales and Distribution Activities 430
- Financial Summary and Analysis 431
- Continental Materials Corporation:
- Overview 432
- Financial Performance 433
- Financial Summary and Analysis 434
- Fedders Corporation:
- Overview 435
- Room Air Conditioners 435
- Outdoor Products 436
- Furnaces 436
- Commercial Products 436
- Financial Performance 437
- Manufacturing Facilities 437
- Sales and Distribution Activities 438
- Financial Summary and Analysis 439
- Lennox International Inc.:
- Overview 440
- Heating and Cooling Products 440
- Service Experts Inc. 441
- Refrigeration Products 441
- Financial Performance 442
- Manufacturing Facilities 442
- Sales and Distribution Activities 443
- Company News 443
- Financial Summary and Analysis 445
- The Manitowoc Company, Inc.:
- Overview 446
- Manitowoc Refrigeration 447
- Manitowoc Ice 447
- Manitowoc Beverage 447
- Financial Performance 448
- Manufacturing Facilities 448
- Company News 448
- Financial Summary and Analysis 449
- Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.:
- Overview 450
- Air Conditioners 450
- Financial Performance 451
- Financial Summary and Analysis 452
- Mestek, Inc:
- Overview 453
- Sterling HVAC 453
- Applied Air 454
- SpacePak 454
- Smith Cast-Iron Boilers 455
- Financial Performance 455
- Sales and Distribution Activities 455
- Financial Summary and Analysis 457
- Modine Manufacturing Company:
- Overview 458
- Building HVAC 458
- Automotive Aftermarket 459
- OEM Automotive 459
- OEM Coils 460
- Financial Performance 460
- Sales and Distribution Activities 460
- Financial Summary and Analysis 462
- Nortek Holdings, Inc.:
- Overview 463
- Residential Products 463
- Light Commercial Products 464
- Custom Products 464
- Paloma Industries, Limited:
- Overview 465
- Rheem Manufacturing 466
- Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.:
- Overview 468
- Air Conditioners 468
- Financial Performance 469
- Financial Summary and Analysis 470
- SPX Corporation:
- Overview 471
- Cooling Technologies 471
- Weil-McLain 472
- Marley Engineered Products 472
- Financial Performance 473
- Financial Summary and Analysis 474
- Standex International Corporation:
- Overview 475
- Standex Air Distribution 475
- Financial Performance 476
- Financial Summary and Analysis 477
- Tecumseh Products Company:
- Overview 478
- Compressor Products 478
- Financial Performance 479
- Sales and Distribution Activities 480
- Company News 480
- Financial Summary and Analysis 482
- United Technologies Corporation:
- Overview 483
- Carrier Corporation 483
- Financial Performance 485
- Financial Summary and Analysis 486
- Whirlpool Corporation:
- Overview 487
- Room Air Conditioners 487
- Dehumidifiers and Air Purifiers 488
- Central Cooling and Heating Products 488
- Freezers 488
- Financial Performance 489
- Distribution Activities 489
- Financial Summary and Analysis 491
- York International Corporation:
- Overview 492
- Global Applied 493
- Unitary Products Group 493
- Financial Performance 494
- Manufacturing Facilities 494
- Sales and Distribution Activities 495
- Financial Summary and Analysis 497
SECTION XII: INDUSTRY DIRECTORY
- Introduction 498
- Directory of Selected U.S. Manufacturers of Heating, Air Conditioning, and Commercial Refrigeration Equipment 499
SECTION XIII: GLOSSARY
- Heating Equipment 545
- Air Conditioning Equipment 547
- Commercial Refrigeration Equipment 553
