關於LNG(液化天然氣)基礎建設的分析

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

LNGs significance lies in its continued expansion, diversification and ability to bring stranded natural gas reserves into the main markets, thus avoiding the political and technical issues associated with transporting gas by pipeline across national borders, extreme terrains and oceans. It also serves as a competitive force in gas pricing and can offer security of supply to those regions dependent on pipeline gas from a limited number of pipeline gas suppliers.

Thus, the growing complexity of contractual relationships and structures of some modern LNG supply chains is evidenced by international oil and gas companies national oil companies, and utilities now participating at several points along a typical supply chain to extract more value, spread risk, and establish more security of off-take or supply. This contractual complexity, increased diversification and deintegration results in some risks increasing, others being offset, and new opportunities materializing.

This BCC report assesses, evaluates and quantifies the role of infrastructure development to meet future LNG demand. It quantifies current demands and forecasts future demands for LNG by product type, application and technology, and the relationships between the major segments that constitute the LNG infrastructure value chain.

SCOPE OF STUDY

The report:

• Assesses and quantifies current global LNG demand
• Investigates and evaluates future global use as chemical feedstocks and for primary energy production through 2010
• Assesses the various technologies needed to facilitate the supply and distribution of LNG globally
• Tracks the evolution of the LNG supply chain and any fragmentation in the chain
• Evaluates and quantifies international LNG trade
• Evaluates the economic, industrial and environmental benefits of LNG use
• Estimates LNG as a means of monetizing stranded gas resources
• Addresses the globalization requirements of LNG infrastructure.

Table of Contents

• INTRODUCTION
  • STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES
  • REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
  • CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY AND FOR WHOM
  • SCOPE AND FORMAT
  • METHODOLOGY
  • INFORMATION SOURCES
  • RELATED BCC REPORTS
  • BCC ONLINE SERVICES
  • DISCLAIMER
• SUMMARY
  • KEY FINDINGS FROM THE STUDY (SEE SUMMARY TABLE):
  • Summary Table: WORLD LNG INFRASTRUCTURE DEMAND BY CATEGORY, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
  • Summary Figure: WORLD LNG INFRASTRUCTURE DEMAND BY CATEGORY, 2002-2010 (TCF/YEAR)
• INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
  • INTRODUCTION
  • IMPORTANCE OF THE LNG INFRASTRUCTURE INDUSTRY
  • Table 1 AN OVERVIEW OF THE LNG VALUE CHAIN
    • THE LNG SUPPLY CHAIN
      • Liquefaction
  • Figure 1 THE LNG LIQUEFACTION INFRASTRUCTURE BLOCK FLOW DIAGRAM
    • LNG Tankers
    • LNG Receiving Terminal
  • Figure 2 LNG RECEIVING/REGASIFICATION PORT INFRASTRUCTURE CONFIGURATION
    • Marketing And Distribution
  • Figure 3 LNG MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION INFRASTRUCTURE
    • OVERVIEW OF CAPITAL COSTS OF LNG INFRASTRUCTURE
  • Table 2 OVERVIEW OF LNG INFRASTRUCTURE CAPITAL COST BREAKDOWN ($ MILLION)
    • INDUSTRIALIZED REGIONS
    • DEVELOPING REGIONS
    • INTERNATIONAL TRADE
  • Table 3 WORLDWIDE LNG AND TOTAL NATURAL GAS TRADE, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
    • IMPORTANT ECONOMIC INDICATIONS FOR WORLD TRADE AND THE LNG INDUSTRY
      • RISKS
  • Table 4 OVERVIEW OF WORLD KEY ECONOMIC INDICATORS; TRADE AND GDP, 2002-2010 (GROWTH, %)
    • GLOBAL ECONOMY OVERVIEW
  • Table 5 OVERVIEW OF WORLDWIDE GDP AND GDP GROWTH, 2002-2005
    • LNG TRADE GROWTH
  • Table 6 SHARE OF INTERNATIONAL LNG TRADE BY TYPE OF CONTRACT, 2002-2010 (%)
    • OVERVIEW OF LNG IMPORTS
  • Table 7 OVERVIEW OF LNG IMPORTERS BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
    • OVERVIEW OF LNG EXPORTERS
  • Table 8 OVERVIEW OF LNG EXPORTERS BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
  • Table 8 (CONTINUED)
    • WHERE LNG INFRASTRUCTURE FITS IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
      • PETROLEUM
      • LNG TRADE
      • NATURAL GAS
      • NUCLEAR
      • COAL
      • RENEWABLES
  • Table 9 OVERVIEW OF GLOBAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY FEEDSTOCK, THROUGH 2010 (QUADRILLION BTU/YEAR)
    • INTERNATIONAL CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATES
  • Table 10 RECENT EXCHANGE RATES
  • Table 11 OVERVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATES, 2000-2004
    • OVERVIEW OF THE METAL MARKET
      • STEEL
      • NICKEL
      • ALUMINUM
  • Table 12 OVERVIEW OF METAL PRICES (INDEX; JANURY 1998=1.0)
    • HISTORY OF THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY
      • HISTORY OF THE LIQUEFIED・CONTINUED)
      • LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG) TECHNOLOGY EVOLUTION
        • First Generation - 1960s
        • Second Generation - 1970s
        • Third Generation - 1980s
        • Fourth Generation - 1990s
        • Next Generation - 2000s
  • Table 13 OVERVIEW OF LNG PLANT EVOLUTION
    • CHANGING PATTERN OF LNG EXPORTS AND EVOLUTION OF REGIONAL LNG MARKETS
  • Table 14 OVERVIEW OF GLOBAL NATURAL GAS RESERVES (GLOBAL RESERVES = 6,008 TCF)
  • Table 15 OVERVIEW OF CHANGING PATTERN OF LNG EXPORTS
    • DESCRIPTION OF THE LNG INFRASTRUCTURE INDUSTRY
    • OVERVIEW OF OPERATING COST COMPONENTS OF THE LNG INFRASTRUCTURE CHAIN INDUSTRY
      • EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION
      • LIQUEFATION AND STORAGE
      • MARINE TRANSPORTATION (SHIPPING)
      • RECEIVING AND REGASIFICATION TERMINAL
      • MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION
  • Table 16 OVERVIEW OF THE OPERATING COST COMPONENTS OF THE LNG INFRASTRUCTURE VALUE CHAIN INDUSTRY ($/MMBTU)
    • OVERVIEW OF GLOBAL LNG INFRATRUCTURE CAPITAL SPENDING BY SEGMENT
  • Table 17 OVERVIEW OF GLOBAL LNG INFRASTRURE CAPITAL SPENDING BY SEGMENT, THROUGH 2010 ($ BILLIONS/YEAR)
    • EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION
  • Table 18 COST BREAKDOWN OF EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT CHAIN
    • LIQUEFACTION PLANTS
  • Table 19 COST BREAKDOWN OF A MODERN BASE-LOAD LNG PLANT
    • LNG TANKERS
  • Table 20 COST BREAKDOWN OF A MODERN LNG VESSEL (%)
    • LNG IMPORT AND REGASIFICATION TERMINALS
  • Table 21 COST BREAKDOWN OF A MODERN BASE-LOAD LNG REGAS PLANT
    • MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION
  • Table 22 COST COMPONENTS OF PIPELINE DISTRIBUTIONCONSTRUCTION
    • THE FUTURE OF LNG INFRASTRUCTURE
• GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS AND LEGISLATION
  • INTRODUCTION
  • INDUSTRY CONCERNS - SAFETY AND SECURITY
  • ARE THERE RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH LNG?
  • APPROVAL AND SITING AUTHORITY
  • APPROVAL AND SITING AUTHORITY (CONTINUED)
  • ECONOMIC IMPACTS
  • LEGISLATIVE PROPOSALS
  • U.S. LNG REGULATORY AGENCIES
    • U.S. FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION (FERC):
    • U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (DOT):
    • U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (DOE)
    • U.S. COAST GUARD (USCG)
    • U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA)
    • OTHER FEDERAL AGENCIES
  • KEY REGULATIONS AFFECTING LNG INFRASTRUCTURE
    • THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS IMPORT TERMINAL DEVELOPMENT ACT OF 2004
    • THE MARITIME TRANSPORT SECURITY ACT OF 2004
    • THE PIPELINE SAFETY IMPROVEMENT ACT OF 2002
    • ENERGY POLICY ACT OF 2003 (H.R.1644)
    • ENERGY REASEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, DEMONSTRATION AND
    • COMMERCIAL APPLICATION ACT OF 2003
    • CLEAR ACT OF 2003
    • SECURING TRANSPORTATION ENERGY EFFICIENCY FOR TOMORROW ACT OF 2003
    • THE HOMELAND INFRASTRUCTURE POWER AND ASSURANCE INCENTIVES ACT OF 2003
    • ENERGY INDEPENDENCE AND SECURITY ACT OF 2003
    • ENERGY POLICY ACT OF 2003
    • ALTERNATIVE MOTOR FUELS ACT OF 1988 (AMFA)
  • EMISSION CONTROL REGULATIONS
• INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND COMPETITIVE RATES
  • INTRODUCTION
  • GLOBAL LNG INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND MARKET
    • GLOBAL LNG SUPPLY CAPACITY
  • Table 23 GLOBAL LNG LIQUEFACTION PLANTS COMMISSIONED, 2004
    • MARKETS FOR NEW LNG CAPACITY
  • Table 24 MARKETS FOR NEW LNG CAPACITY BY REGION, 2004-2008 (MILLIONS TONS/YEAR)
    • ENOUGH LNG FOR THE U.S. MARKET
  • Table 25 GLOBAL LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY UNDER CONSTRUCTION AND MARKETS, (AS OF OCTOBER 2004)
  • Table 25 (CONTINUED)
    • LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY CONCENTRATION BY REGION/COUNTRY
  • Table 26 CHARACTERISTICS OF GLOBAL LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY BY REGION, 2003-2010 (BILLION CUBIC FEET/YEAR)
    • LNG INDUSTRY MARKET CONCENTRATION BY POLITICS
  • Table 27 POLITICAL CONCENTRATION OF GLOBAL NATURAL GAS RESERVES, CURRENT LNG PRODUCTION CAPACITY AND PROJECTED CAPACITY, 2003-2010
    • LNG MARKET CONCENTRATION BY LIQUEFACTION PROCESS
  • Table 28 GLOBAL LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY BY PROCESS TECHNOLOGY, 2003-2010 (BILLION CUBIC FEET/YEAR)
    • LNG PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY CONCENTRATION (IN 5 TO 8 MILLION TONS PER YEAR CAPACITIES) BY LICENSOR
      • AIR PRODUCTS AND CHEMICALS, INC. (APCI)
      • SHELL
      • CONOCOPHILLIPS
      • STATOIL AND LINDE
      • AXENS
  • Table 29 DEMAND FOR LNG PRODUCTION CAPACITY BY PROCESS TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
    • LNG PROJECT COMPARATIVE COSTS
  • Table 30 LNG COMPARATIVE COSTS BY COUNTRY/PROJECT AND CAPACITY
    • LNG TRADE GLOBALIZATION AND CHANGING PATTERN OF LNG IMPORTS
  • Table 31 REGIONAL SHARE OF GLOBAL LNG TRADE IMPORT MARKET, 2002-2010
    • GLOBAL TANKER CAPACITY INFRASTRUCTURE
  • Table 32 LARGE (MEDIUM-SCALE) LNG TANKERS WITH CHARTERAGE CONTRACTS EXPIRING BY 2010, 2003-2010
    • Charter Fee
  • Table 33 SAMPLE CHARTERAGE FEES FOR OLDER LNG TANKERS
    • LNG Vessel Ordering, Total Capacity and Ship Cost
  • Table 34 NUMBER OF LNG SHIPS, ON ORDER, TOTAL CAPACITY AND SHIP COST, THROUGH 2010
    • LNG CONTRACTS
      • SPOT/SHORT-TERM CONTRACT
      • LONG-TERM FIXED CONTRACT
  • Table 35 LNG MARKET SEGMENTATION BY CONTRACT TYPE, THROUGH 2010 (MILLION METRIC TONS/YEAR)
    • LNG INDUSTRY STRUCTURE EVOLUTION
  • Figure 4 FULLY INTEGRATED (TRADITIONAL) MODEL: SELLERS, BUYERS
  • Figure 5 BUYERS, SELLERS IN LNG SUPPLY CHAIN
    • CONTROL OVER SHIPPING
      • Sellers Issues
      • Buyers Issues
      • Producers Issues
  • Figure 6 CHALLENGES FACING THE LNG INFRASTRUCTURE PLAYERS
  • Table 36 LNG NEWBUILDING DELIVERY SCHEDULE, 2002-2006
    • THE LNG BUSINESS MARKET MODEL
      • THE REQUIREMENT FOR LONG-TERM LNG CONTRACTS
        • LNG Project Costs
      • TRADITIONAL CONTRACTUAL FEATURES
    • LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY INFRASTRUCTURE SEGMENTATION
      • RISKS
      • HISTORICAL SEGMENTATION BY BASINS
        • Atlantic Basin LNG Imports
        • Pacific Basin LNG Imports
  • Table 37 GLBOAL LNG TRADE BY SEGMENTATION BY BASINS, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
    • EVOLVING LNG BASIN SEGMENTATION BY GEOGRAPHY
  • Table 38 GLOBAL LNG TRADE BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
    • LNG PRICE FRAGMENTATION/CONVERGENCE
      • UNITED STATES LNG PRICES
      • EUROPE LNG PRICES
      • ASIA LNG PRICES
  • Table 39 LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS PRICE FRAGMENTATION/CONVERGENCE, 2000-2005 ($/MMBTU)
    • CURRENTLY EVOLVING LNG VALUE CHAIN FRAGMENTATION
      • BUYERS
      • NONINTEGRATED (CURRENTLY EVOLVING) LNG INFRASTRUCTURE SUPPLY CHAIN
  • Figure 7 NONINTEGRATED (CURRENTLY EVOLVING) LNG INFRASTRUCTURE SUPPLY CHAIN
    • OPEN ACCESS AT REGASIFICATION TERMINALS
  • Figure 8 DEREGULATED GAS MARKET: NONOPEN ACCESS REGASIFICATION
    • LNG EXPORTER NETBACKS AT REGASIFICATION TERMINAL WORLDWIDE
  • Table 40 COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF LNG EXPORTER NETBACKS AT REGASIFICATION TERMINALS WORLDWIDE, 2004 ($/MMBTU)
    • COMPANY EQUITY PARTICIPATION IN THE LNG BUSINESS
      • CHENIERE ENERGY, INC.
      • BG GROUP PLC
      • CHICAGO BRIDGE & IRON CO.
      • CONTANGO OIL & GAS
      • GOLAR LNG LTD
      • CHART INDUSTRIES
  • Table 41 COMPANY EQUITY PARTICIPATION IN THE LNG BUSINESS, 2004
  • Table 41 (CONTINUED)
    • LNG INFRASTRUCUTURE MARKET LEADERSHIP BY COMPANY/PRODUCT
      • LNG STORAGE TANK INSTRUMENTATION
      • LNG VESSEL SAFETY EQUIPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
      • STRATIFICATION AND ROLLOVER PREDICTIVE SOFTWARE
      • SAFETY FEATURES IN LNG TRANSPORTATION AND RECEIVING TERMINALS
  • Table 42 LNG INFRASTRUCTURE MARKET SHARE OF LEADING COMPANIES BY PRODUCT, 2004 (%)
  • Table 42 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 42 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 42 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 42 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 42 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 42 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 42 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 42 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 42 (CONTINUED)
    • CONCENTRATED LNG INFRASTRUCTURE VALUE CHAIN TECHNOLOGICAL LEADERSHIP
      • NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION
      • NATURAL GAS LIQUEFACTION
      • LNG SHIP CONSTRUCTION
      • LNG CONTAINMENT SYSTEMS
      • RECEIVING AND REGASIFICATION TERMINALS
      • NATURAL GAS MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION
  • Table 43 MARKET SHARE OF LEADING COMPANIES BY LNG INFRASTRUCTURE SEGMENT, 2004 (%)
    • EARNINGS
  • Table 44 EARNINGS (BEFORE INTEREST AND TAXES) OF SELECTED LNG PLAYERS, 2001-2004 ($ MILLION/YEAR)
    • PROFITABILITY
  • Table 45 GROSS PROFIT OF MAJOR LNG VALUE CHAIN PLAYERS, 2001-2004 ($ MILLION/YEAR)
    • MARKET ENTRY AND BARRIERS
  • Table 46 GREENFIELD AND EXPANSION LNG PROJECT ENTRY FEE FOR SELECTED PRODUCING COUNTRIES ($ MILLION)
    • CAPITAL AND EXPLORATION EXPENDITURES
      • TOTALFINAELF
      • CHEVRONTEXACO
      • ROYAL DUTCH/SHELL
  • Table 47 CAPITAL AND EXPLORATION EXPENDITURES FOR SELECT COMPANIES, 2001-2004 ($ BILLION/YEAR)
    • PROXIMITY TO CUSTOMER
  • Table 48 PROXIMITY TO CUSTOMER IS A KEY TO LNG SPOT SALES
    • MARKETS IN TRANSITION
      • DEALS
      • PARADOX
      • LIBERALIZATION/CHALLENGES
      • NEW TECHNOLOGY
      • FULL COMMODITIZATION
    • IMPORTANT SHIFTS IN THE LNG INDUSTRY
      • CRUDE OIL SUPPLY THREATS
      • CRUDE OIL PRICE
      • RISK IN PROJECT FINANCING
        • Host Nation Involvement
        • Lenders Scramble for a Role
        • Consolidation Continues
      • COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS FOR LNG FACILITIES
  • Table 49 COMPARATIVE REGIONAL LNG ECONOMICS FOR GREEFIELD FACILITIES ($/1,000 CUBIC FEET)
    • CAPACITY UTILIZATION
  • Table 50 LNG TRADED CAPACITY AND UTILIZATION RATE, THROUGH 2010 (MMT/TONS, %)
    • REVITALIZING LNG PLANTS
  • Table 51 BOOSTING THE CAPACITY OF OLD AND NEW LNG PLANTS BY REJUVENATION
    • LNG TRAIN CAPACITY/SIZE
  • Table 52 SPECIFIC CAPITAL COST OF GREENFIELD LNG PLANT DEVELOPMENT
    • Economies of Scale
  • Table 53 NUMBER OF GREENFIELD LNG PLANT DEVELOPMENT
    • REGULATION
  • Figure 9 LNG SUPPLY CHAIN UNDER FERCS OPEN-ACCESS REGIME
  • Figure 10 LNG SUPPLY CHAIN UNDER FERCS NEW NON-OPEN ACCESS REGIME
    • U.S. Maturity of Natural Gas Deregulation
    • TECHNOLOGY
      • Liquefaction Technology
      • LNG Tanker Construction Costs
      • Power Generation Technology
      • Computer Technology
      • Reservoir Evaluation Technology
    • COST REDUCTION IN THE LNG INFRASTRUCTURE CHAIN
      • MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION
        • LNG
        • Exploration and Production
        • Ship Construction
        • Liquefaction
        • Project Economics
  • Figure 11 THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS CHAIN
    • COMPETITIVE PRESSURE
      • PRICES
      • LNG MARKET PRESSURES
        • LNG Ship Infrastructure
        • LNG Receiving Terminals, Storage and Vaporization Infrastructure
    • LNG IMPORT MARKET SHARE DOMINATION BY REGION
      • ASIA
        • Competitive Pressure on Japanese Imports
  • Table 54 ASIAN LNG IMPORT MARKET SHARE DOMINATION, 2002-2010 (%)
    • ATLANTIC BASIN
      • The United Kingdom
      • Spain
      • United States of America
      • Mexico
  • Table 55 ATLANTIC BASIN LNG IMPORT MARKET SHARE DOMINATION, 2002-2010 (%)
    • Emerging Importers
  • Table 56 EMERGING LNG IMPORT MARKET SHARE DOMINATION, 2002-2010 (%)
    • ELECTRIC RESTRUCTURING
  • Table 57 COSTS OF ELECTRIC-POWER GENERAION BY PLANT TYPE
    • DRIVING FORCES FOR THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY
      • ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION
      • ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS
        • A Continuing Growth in World Natural Gas Consumption
        • Average Distance Per Voyage
        • Availability
        • Technology
        • Political Factors
        • Oil Industry
        • Power Industry
      • STRONG IMPORT DEMAND
      • STRANDED RESOURCE MONETIZATION
    • TRENDS IN LNG INFRASTRUCTURE
      • TRENDS IN NUMBER OF LNG IMPORTING AND EXPORTING COUNTRIES
  • Table 58 TRENDS IN THE NUMBER OF LNG IMPORTERS/EXPORTERS, 1960-2010 (NUMBER)
    • North America
    • Europe
    • Asia
  • Table 59 TRENDS IN THE NUMBER OF LNG IMPORTERS AND EXPORTERS BY REGION, 1960 THROUGH 2010 (NUMBER)
    • TRENDS IN LNG VALUE CHAIN COSTS
      • Machinery Costs
      • Design
      • Equipment
      • Engineering
      • Materials
      • Construction
      • Investment in Engineering Work
      • Modeling
  • Table 60 TRENDS IN LNG INFRASTRUCTURE VALUE CHAIN COSTS, THROUGH 2030 ($/TON LNG)
    • TRENDS IN THE COMMERCIAL LNG MODEL
  • Table 61 REPRESENTATIVE LNG MERCHANT POSITIONS
    • TRENDS IN LNG PRICING
      • Troubling Signals
      • The Current Fundamental Picture
  • Figure 12 TRENDS IN NATURAL GAS PRICES IN THE U.S.
    • TRENDS IN SHORT-TERM LNG TRADING
    • TRENDS IN ORTHODOX CONTRACTS VERSUS NEW-STYLE CONTRACTS
  • Table 62 TREND IN TYPE OF NEWLY SIGNED LNG CONTRACT (%)
    • MLNG Sato to Japan
  • Table 63 MLNG SATU TO TEPCO (MT/YEAR)
  • Table 64 MLNG SATU TO TOKYO GAS (MT/YEAR)
    • MLNG Tiga to Japan
  • Table 65 MLNG TIGA TO JAPAN GAS CONSORTIUM (MT/YEAR)
    • Bayu-Undan To Japan
    • NWS and MLNG Tiga to Korea
    • NWS to China Guangdong
    • LNG INFRASTRUCTURE CHALLENGES
      • CHALLENGES FOR LNG BUYERS
      • CHALLENGES FOR LNG SUPPLIERS
      • CONTRACTUAL AND TECHNICAL CHALLENGES LIMIT SPOT CARGOS TO U.S. TERMINALS
        • U.S. LNG Btu Specification
  • Table 66 HEAT CONTENT PLAYS A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN LIMITING LNG SUPPLIES (BTU CONTENT)
    • COMPANY RESULTS
      • UPSTREAM COMPANIES
        • ChevronTexaco
        • ExxonMobil INC.
        • ConocoPhillips
      • DOWNSTREM COMPANIES
      • INDEPENDENT EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION FIRMS
        • McMoRan Exploration
        • Kerr-McGee Corp.
        • Harvest Natural Resources Inc.
        • Unocal
        • XTO
        • Burlington Resources Inc.
        • Range Resources Corp.
        • Vintage Petroleum Inc.
  • Table 67 U.S. BASED OIL AND GAS FIRMS REVENUES, 2001-2004 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 67 (CONTINUED)
    • SERVICE SUPPLY COMPANY RESULTS
      • Transocean Inc.
      • Baker Hughes Inc.
      • Smith International
      • Schlumberger Ltd.
      • Weatherford International Inc
      • Noble Corp.
  • Table 68 COMPANY RESULTS FOR THE WORLDS TOP SERVICE SUPPLY COMPANIES, 2001-2004 (REVENUES, $MILLIONS)
    • PRIVATE/STATE COMPANIES BASED OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
      • Royal Dutch/Shell
      • British Petroleum
      • Total
      • British Gas
      • Tractebel LNG
      • Statoil
      • BHP Billiton Petroleum Ltd
      • Woodside Petroleum
      • Gaz-prom
  • Table 69 COMPANY RESULTS FOR THE WORLDS TOP PRIVATE/STATE LNG COMPANIES OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 2001-2004 (REVENUES, $ BILLIONS)
    • LNG INFRATRUCTURE INSTRUMENTATION COMPANY RESULTS
      • Honeywell Process Solutions, Automation and Control Solutions
      • Danaher
      • Siemens Energy & Automation
      • Schneider ELECTRIC
      • Rockwell Automation
      • Flowserv
      • GE Fanuc Automation Americas, Inc.
      • Metso
      • MKS Instruments
      • National Instruments
      • Aspentech Engineering Solutions
      • Tyco
      • Roper Industries
      • MTS Systems Corporation
      • Crane Controls
      • Mettler Toledo
      • OPTO 22
      • FMC Corporation
      • Matrikon
      • Badger Meter
      • ICS Triplex
      • Pepperl+FUCHS
  • Table 70 COMPANY RESULTS FOR INSTRUMENTATION SUPPLIERS, 2001-2004 (WORLDWIDE REVENUES, $MILLIONS/YEAR)
  • Table 70 (CONTINUED)
• DEMAND BY PRODUCT
  • INTRODUCTION
  • Table 71 LNG INFRASTRUCTURE PRODUCT/VALUE CHAIN LINK CHART
  • Table 71 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 71 (CONTINUED)
    • PRODUCT CATEGORY
  • Table 72 WORLD LNG INFRASTRUCTURE DEMAND BY PRODUCT CATEGORY, THROUGH 2010 ($ MIILIONS/YEAR)
    • LNG INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT PRODUCTS
      • COMPRESSION MACHINERY
      • ACTUATORS
      • ADHESIVES
      • AIR SEPARATION UNITS
      • ALTERNATIVE FUEL VEHICLES TECHNOLOGIES
      • BOIL-OFF GAS HANDLING TECHNOLOGIES
      • COATINGS
      • COLD BOXES
      • COMBUSTION SYSTEMS
      • COMPRESSOR AND COMPRESSION SYSTEMS
      • COUPLING SYSTEMS
      • CRYOGENIC SYSTEM COMPONENTS
      • ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNITS
      • EXPANDERS
      • FLANGES AND PIPING
      • FLEXIBLE HOSES/HOSES
      • FSO/FPSO UNITS
      • GAS/OIL/WATER SEPARATION UNITS
      • GAS PIPELINES
      • GAS PROCESSING SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS
      • GAUGES
      • HEAT EXCHANGERS/HEAT TRANSFER TECHNOLOGY
      • HIGH PRESSURE CYLINDERS
      • INSTRUMENTATION
      • INSULATION SYSTEMS
      • LEVEL MEASUREMENT
      • LNG TANKER BERTH AND LNG LOADING ARMS
      • METERING/MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
        • Pressure and Differential Pressure
        • Flow
        • Temperature
        • Analysis
        • Pressure Recording
        • Tank Gauging Systems
      • PEAK SHAVERS
      • PIPE SECTIONS
      • PIPE SUPPORTS
      • PRESSURE VESSELS (CRYOGENIC)
      • PRE-TREATMENT SYSTEMS
        • Feedgas Receiving, Liquid Separation, Gas Metering and Pressure Reduction
        • Acid Gas Removal (Carbon Dioxide)
        • Gas Dehydration and Carbon Adsorption Units
      • PROCESS COMPONENTS
        • Pumps/Cryogenic Pumps
      • RECONDENSER/FREGERATION/LIQUEFACTION SYSTEMS
      • SAFETY EQUIPMENT
      • SENSORS, DETECTORS, MONITORING SYSTEMS
      • SOLVENTS, LUBRICANTS AND OTHER CHEMICALS
      • JOINING AND PACKING
      • TANKS (FIELD-ERECTED STORAGE)
      • TUBES/TUBING
      • TURBINES
      • VALVES (CRYOGENIC)/REGULATORS
  • Table 73 WORLD LNG SYSTEM AND EQUIPMENT INFRASTRUCTURE DEMAND BY TYPE, THROUGH 2010 ($MIILIONS/YEAR)
  • Table 73 (CONTINUED)
    • SERVICES AND PRODUCTS
      • COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT AND SERVICES
      • DATA ACQUISITION AND MANAGEMENT
      • INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY HARDWARE
      • SIMULATION AND DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS
      • SOFTWARE
      • COMPLIANCE SERVICES
      • SAFETY EQUIPMENT AND SERVICES
      • ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING SERVICES
      • MONITORING AND TESTING SERVICES
      • BUSINESS CONSULTING
      • FINANCIAL LENDING AND INVESTORS
      • INSURANCE SERVICES
      • LEGAL SERVICES
      • STAFFING
      • REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE SERVICES
      • INSPECTION SERVICES
      • MARINE SERVICES
      • PEAK SHAVING SERVICES
      • R&D SERVICES
      • TRAINING
      • TRANSPORTATION, CERTIFICATION AND CONSTRUCTION SERVICES
  • Table 74 WORLD LNG SERVICE INFRASTRUCTURE DEMAND BY TYPE, THROUGH 2010 ($MIILIONS/YEAR)
• DEMAND BY APPLICATION
  • INTRODUCTION
  • Table 75 WORLD LNG INFRASTRUCTURE DEMAND BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
    • APPLICATION IN INTERNATIONAL LNG TRADE
      • Western Hemisphere
  • Table 76 LNG APPLICATION IN INTERMANTIONAL TRADE; EXPORTS BY WESTERN HEMISPHERE, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
    • Pacific
  • Table 77 LNG APPLICATION IN INTERMANTIONAL TRADE; EXPORTS BY PACIFIC BASIN, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
    • ROW Basin
  • Table 78 LNG APPLICATION IN INTERMANTIONAL TRADE; EXPORTS BY ROW BASIN, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
    • APPLICATION IN MERCHANT LNG SUPPLY
  • Table 79 WORLD APPLICATION IN MERCHANT LNG SUPPLY BY TYPE, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
    • LNG PEAKSHAVING PLANTS (LIQUEFACTION, STORAGE AND REGASIFICATION)
      • North America
      • Europe
      • Asia
      • ROW
  • Table 80 WORLD LNG APPLICATION IN PEAKSHAVING BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
    • LNG VEHICLE FUEL
      • North America
      • Europe
      • Asia
      • ROW
  • Table 81 WORLD LNG APPLICATION IN VEHICLE FUEL BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
    • LNG SATELITE PLANTS (LNG STORAGE AND REGASIFICATION) BY REGION
      • North America
      • Europe
      • Asia
      • ROW
  • Table 82 WORLD LNG APPLICATION IN SATELLITE PLANTS BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
• TECHNOLOGY
  • INTRODUCTION
  • Figure 13 ELEMENTS OF THE NATURAL GAS INFRASTRUCTURE VALUE CHAIN
    • EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENT FOR LNG INFRASTRUCTURE
      • EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENT FOR LNG INFRASTRUCTURE BY ELEMENT
        • Finding
        • Development
        • Production
  • Table 83 WORLD EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION INVESTMENTS FOR LNG INFRASTRUCTURE BY ELEMENT, THROUGH 2010 ($ BILLIONS/YEAR)
    • EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION INVESTMENTS FOR LNG INFRASTRUCTURE
      • North America
      • Europe
        • Norway
        • Russia
      • Asia
      • ROW
  • Table 84 WORLD EXPLORATION/PRODUCTION INVESTMENTS FOR LNG INFRASTRUCTURE BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 ($ BILLIONS/YEAR)
    • ECONOMICS OF NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION
    • DEMAND FOR LNG LIQUEFACTION TECHNOLOGY
  • Table 85 WORLD LNG LIQUEFACTION INVESTMENT BY ELEMENT TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2010 ($MILLIONS/YEAR)
    • DEMAND BY TYPE OF LIQUEFACTION HEAT EXCHANGER TECHNOLOGY
      • Spiral-Wound
      • Plate-Fin
      • Kettle-Type
      • Printed Circuit
  • Table 86 WORLD DEMAND BY TYPE OF HEAT EXCHANGER TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2010 ($MILLIONS/YEAR)
    • DEMAND FOR LNG LIQUEFACTION INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT BY REGION
  • Table 87 WORLD LNG LIQUEFACTION INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT, BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS/YEAR)
    • NORTH AMERICA
  • Table 88 NORTH AMERICA LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY
    • EUROPE
      • Norway
      • Russia
  • Table 89 EUROPE LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY
    • ASIA
      • Australia
  • Table 90 AUSTRALIA LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY
    • Indonesia
  • Table 91 INDONESIA LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY
    • Malaysia
  • Table 92 MALAYSIA LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY
    • Brunei
  • Table 93 BRUNEI LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY
    • ROW
      • South and Central America
        • Trinidad and Tobago
  • Table 94 TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY
    • Bolivia
  • Table 95 BOLIVIA LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY
    • Venezuela
  • Table 96 VENEZUELA LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY
    • Peru
  • Table 97 PERU LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY
    • Brazil
  • Table 98 BRAZIL LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY
    • Africa
      • Algeria
  • Table 99 ALGERIAN LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY
    • Nigeria
  • Table 100 NIGERIAN LNG IMPORT CAPACITY
    • Egypt
  • Table 101 EGYPT LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY
    • Libya
  • Table 102 LYBIAN LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY
    • Angola
  • Table 103 ANGOLAN LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY
    • Equatorial Guinea
  • Table 104 EQUATORIAL GUINEA LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY
    • Middle East
      • Oman
  • Table 105 OMAN LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY
    • Iran
  • Table 106 IRAN LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY
    • Abu Dhabi
  • Table 107 ABU DHABI LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY
    • Qatar
  • Table 108 QATAR LNG LIQUECATION CAPACITY
    • Yemen
  • Table 109 YEMEN LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY
    • ECONOMICS FOR BASELOAD LIQUEFACTION PLANT PROJECTS
  • Table 110 COMPARISON OF EFFICIENCIES FOR DIFFERENT REFRIGERATION CYCLES
  • Table 111 COMPARISON OF NECESSARY EQUIPMENT, COST AND LNG PRODUCTION
    • Costs
  • Table 112 BASE-LOAD LNG LIQUEFACTION PLANT COSTS
  • Table 113 THE RELATIVE LIQUEFACTION PLANT COSTS
    • LNG PEAK-SHAVING AND VEHICLE FUEL PLANT ECONOMICS
  • Table 114 THE RELATIVE LIQUEFACTION PLANT COSTS
    • DEMAND FOR MARINE LNG SHIP INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT
  • Table 115 WORLD INVESTMENT BY SHIPPING ELEMENT TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2010 ($MILLIONS/YEAR)
    • DEMAND FOR SHIPPING CONTAINMENT SYSTEMS FOR LNG INFRASTRUCTURE TECHNOLOGY
  • Table 116 COMPARISON OF LNG CARGO CONTAINMENT SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY
  • Table 117 WORLD DEMAND FOR LNG TRANSPORTATION BY CONTAINMENT TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
    • DEMAND FOR LNG SHIP PROPULSION INFRASTRUCTURE TECHNOLOGY
      • Steam Propulsion
      • Dual-Fuel Diesels
      • Diesel Engines
      • Gas Turbines
      • Diesel Electric Systems
      • Azimuth Thrusters
      • Water Jet Propulsion Engines
  • Table 118 WORLD DEMAND FOR LNG TANKER INVESTMENT BY PROPULSION TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2010 ($MILLIONS/YEAR)
    • TECHNO-ECONOMIC COMPARISON OF SHIP PROPULSION SYSTEMS
  • Table 119 TECHNO-ECONOMIC COMPARISON OF SHIP PROPULSION SYSTEMS
  • Table 119 (CONTINUED)
    • MARINE LNG SHIP INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT BY REGION
  • Table 120 WORLD MARINE LNG SHIP INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT, BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 ($ BILLIONS/YEAR)
    • EAST OF SUEZ LNG SHIP INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIREMENTS
      • Asia-Pacific
      • Middle East
      • Australia
  • Table 121 EAST OF SUEZ TANKER REQUIREMENTS, THROUGH 2010 ($ BILLIONS/YEAR)
    • WEST OF SUEZ LNG SHIP INFRASTRUCTURE REQUIREMENTS
      • Mediterranean Supply
      • Sub-Saharan African Supply
      • Caribbean Supply
  • Table 122 WEST OF SUEZ TANKER REQUIREMENTS, THROUGH 2010 ($ BILLIONS/YEAR)
    • DEMAND FOR LNG RECEIVING AND REGASIFICATION INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT
  • Table 123 WORLD INVESTMENT BY RECEIVING TERMINAL ELEMENT TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2010 ($MILLIONS/YEAR)
    • LNG RECEIVING TERMINAL STORAGE TANK INFRASTRUCTURE DEMAND BY TYPE
      • Single Containment
      • Double Containment
      • Full Containment
      • Membrane
  • Table 124 WORLD DEMAND FOR LNG INFRASTRUCTURE BY STORAGE TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS/YEAR)
    • DEMAND FOR LNG REGASIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
      • Open Rack Vaporizers (ORV)
      • Submerged Combustion Vaporizers (Scv)
      • Shell and Tube Vaporizers (STV)
      • Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
  • Table 125 WORLD DEMAND FOR LNG REGASIFICATION BY HEAT EXCHANGE TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS/YEAR)
    • ECONOMICS OF LNG RECEIVING/REGASIFICATION INFRASTRUCTURE TECHNOLOGY
      • Means of Facility Expansion
      • Number of Berths
      • Contractual Arrangements for Shipping
      • Number of LNG Sources and Cargo Activity
      • Size of Receiving Tanks
      • Capacity of Vaporizers
      • Variability in Sendout
      • Capacity of Sendout Lines
      • Capacity of Local and Regional Systems
      • Schedule Discretion in Truck Deliveries
    • LNG RECEIVING/REGASIFICATION INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT BY REGION
  • Table 126 WORLD LNG RECEIVING/REGASIFICATION INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT, BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS/YEAR)
    • NORTH AMERICA
      • United States
  • Table 127 EXISTING CAPACITY AND PLANNED EXPANSIONS AT LNG INPORT TERMINALS IN THE LOWER 48 U.S. STATES (AS OF APRIL 27, 2005)
    • Canada
    • Bear Head (Granted Environmental Approval by Canadian and Provincial Governments)
    • Canaport (Approved by Canadian and Provincial Governments)
  • Table 128 CANADA LNG IMPORT CAPACITY
    • EUROPE
  • Table 129 EXISTING CAPACITY AND PLANNED EXPANSIONS AT LNG INPORT TERMINALS IN WESTERN EUROPE
    • France
    • Spain
    • Italy
    • Belgium
    • Greece
    • Portugal
    • Netherlands
    • United Kingdom
    • Turkey
  • Table 130 EUROPEAN LNG IMPORT CAPACITY
  • Table 130 (CONTINUED)
    • ASIA
  • Table 131 EXISTING CAPACITY AND PLANNED EXPANSIONS AT LNG INPORT TERMINALS IN ASIA
    • Japan
  • Table 132 JAPAN LNG IMPORT CAPACITY
  • Table 132 (CONTINUED)
    • South Korea
  • Table 133 SOUTH KOREAN LNG IMPORT CAPACITY
    • Taiwan
  • Table 134 TAIWAN LNG IMPORT CAPACITY
    • New Zealand
  • Table 135 NEW ZEALAND LNG IMPORT CAPACITY
    • China
  • Table 136 CHINA LNG IMPORT CAPACITY
    • India
  • Table 137 INDIAN LNG IMPORT CAPACITY
    • ROW
  • Table 138 EXISTING CAPACITY AND PLANNED EXPANSIONS AT LNG IMPORT TERMINALS IN THE REST OF THE WORLD
    • Central and South America
      • Mexico
  • Table 139 MEXICO LNG IMPORT CAPACITY
    • Bahamas
  • Table 140 BAHAMAS LNG IMPORT CAPACITY
    • Dominican Republic
  • Table 141 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC LNG IMPORT CAPACITY
    • Puerto Rico
  • Table 142 PUERTO RICO LNG IMPORT CAPACITY
    • Honduras
  • Table 143 HONDURAS LNG IMPORT CAPACITY
    • Brazil
      • Brazil (Continued)
  • Table 144 BRAZIL LNG IMPORT CAPACITY
    • MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION OF REGASIFIED LNG INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT
      • MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION OF REGASIFIED LNG INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT, BY ELEMENT
        • Equipment and Material
        • Labor
        • Storage/Land
  • Table 145 INVESTMENT BY PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION COST ELEMENT TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2010 ($BILLION/YEAR)
    • REGASIFIED LNG MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT, BY REGION
  • Table 146 WORLD REGASIFIED LNG MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT, BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 ($ BILLIONS/YEAR)
    • NORTH AMERICA
  • Table 147 NATURAL GAS PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION IN NORTH AMERICA, 2005-2010 (MILES)
    • EUROPE
      • France
      • Spain
      • Italy
      • Greece
      • United Kingdom
      • Russia
      • Norway
  • Table 148 NATURAL GAS PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION IN EUROPE, 2005-2010 (MILES)
    • ASIA
      • Japan
      • South Korea
      • China
      • India
  • Table 149 NATURAL GAS PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION IN ASIA, 2005-2010 (MILES)
    • ROW
      • Brazil
      • Mexico
      • Trinidad & Tobago
      • Peru
  • Table 150 NATURAL GAS PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION IN SOUTH AMERICA, 2005-2010 (MILES)
    • West African Gas Pipeline Project (WAGP)
  • Table 151 NATURAL GAS PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION IN AFRICA, 2005-2010 (MILES)
    • Abu Dhabi
    • UAE/Qatar
    • Iran/Azerbaijan
    • Iran/Armenia
  • Table 152 NATURAL GAS PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION IN THE MIDDLE EAST, 2005-2010 (MILES)
    • ECONOMICS OF GAS DISTRIBUTION
  • Table 153 NATURAL GAS PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION COSTS BY LOCATION, 2000-2004 ($ MILLION/MILE)
    • COST COMPONENTS
      • Land
        • Material
        • Labor
        • Miscellaneous
        • Right-of -Way
  • Table 154 NATURAL GAS LAND PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION COSTS COMPONENTS, 2000-2004 ($ MILLION/MILE)
    • Offshore
      • Material
      • Labor
      • Miscellaneous
      • Right-of-Way
  • Table 155 NATURAL GAS OFFSHORE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION COSTS COMPONENTS, 2000-2004 ($ MILLION/MILE)
    • HEALTH AND SAFETY TECHNOLOGY OF LNG INFRASTRUCTURE
      • HEALTH AND SAFETY・CONTINUED)
    • Table 156 COMPARISON OF PROPERTIES OF LIQUID FUELS
    • Table 157 SELECTED SAFETY CHARACTERISTICS OF NATURAL GAS AND RELATED PRODUCTS
    • LNG INFRATRUCTURE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
  • Table 158 LNG INFRASTRUCTURE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
  • Table 158 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 158 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 158 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 158 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 158 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 158 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 158 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 158 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 158 (CONTINUED)
    • LNG INFRASTRUCTURE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT/IMPORTANT APPROACH
  • Table 159 LNG INFRASTRUCTURE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT/IMPORTANT APPROACH
  • Table 159 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 159 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 159 (CONTINUED)
    • LNG INFRASTRUCTURE PROCESS/APPLICATION
  • Table 160 LNG INFRASTRUCTURE PROCESS/APPLICATION
  • Table 160 (CONTINUED)
    • EMERGING/NEW LNG INFRASTRUCTURE TECHNOLOGIES
      • NATURAL GAS CONDITIONING
        • Supersonic Gas Separation
        • Membrane Contactor
        • Silica Gel Hydrocarbon Dewpointing
        • Biodesulphurization Process
    • STORAGE TECHNOLOGY
      • LNG STORAGE TANKS
        • Floating Production, Storage and Off-loading (FPSO)
        • Liquefaction Cycle
        • Process Design Challenges
        • Development
        • The Energy Bridge System
        • U.S DOE Support
  • Figure 14 CGIS PRPOSED TECHNOLOGY FOR LNG IMPORT AND STORAGE BASED ON THE BISHOP PROCESS
    • FUEL CELLS
    • DISTRIBUTION TECHNOLOGY
      • LNG Transportation Technology
    • LNG INFRASTRUCTURE TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION ENVELOPES
      • GAS TRANSPORTATION APPLICATION ENVELOPES
  • Table 161 SIMPLE PAYBACK COMPARISON OF GAS TRANSPORTATION OPTIONS
    • LNG INFRASTRUCTURE TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES AND REFINEMENT
      • SYSTEMS SIMPLIFICATION
      • VACUUM INSULATED PIPE VERSUS MECHANICALLY INSULATED PIPE FOR LNG TRANSFER
      • TECHNOLOGY ADAPTATION IN OFFSHORE APPLICATIONS (MARINIZATION)
  • Table 162 UNIT OPERATIONS AND EQUIPMENT/SYSTEMS TYPE - LNG VS GAS CONVERSION
    • LNG INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT BY COMPANY
      • BRITISH PETROLEUM
      • ROYAL DUTCH/SHELL
      • EXXONMOBIL
      • TOTALFINAELF
      • CHEVRONTEXACO
      • CONOCOPHILLIPS
      • OTHER
  • Table 163 LNG INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT BY COMPANY, THROUGH 2010 ($BILLION/YEAR)
  • Table 164 STATE-OWNED COMPANIES
  • Table 165 PRIVATE OIL AND GAS COMPANIES
  • Table 166 GAS/POWER COMPANIES
  • Table 167 STATE-OWNED OIL/GAS COMPANIES
  • Table 168 CHEMICAL COMPANIES
    • LNG INFRASTRUCTURE PATENT EVALUATION AND LEADERS IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT BY COMPANY
      • ROYAL DUTCH/SHELL
      • BRITISH PETROLEUM
      • CEHEVRONTEXACO
      • CONOCOPHILLIPS
      • AIR PRODUCTS AND CHEMICALS
      • HITACHI
      • CHART INDUSTRIES
      • OTHER
  • Table 169 LNG INFRASTRUCTURE PATENTS/R&D LEADERS BY COMPANY, 2001-2004 (NUMBER/YEAR)
  • Table 169 (CONTINUED)
• COMPANY PROFILES
  • LNG INFRASTRUCTURE REGULATORY AGENCIES
    • THE UNITED STATES COAST GUARD
    • THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
    • THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION
    • THE UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
    • THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
  • LNG RECEIVING TERMINAL OPERATORS
    • AMERICAN ELECTRIC POWER CO.
    • FPL GROUP
    • ELECTRABEL
    • KOREA ELECTRIC
    • ENEL SPA
    • IBERDROLA SA
    • TOKYO ELECTRIC
    • AES CORPORATION
    • KANSAI ELECTRIC
    • TOKYO GAS
  • OFFSHORE LNG TERMINALS
    • EXCELERATE ENERGY
    • MARINTEK (USA) INC.
    • BLUEWATER
  • COMPRESSION MACHINERY
    • SIEMENS AG
    • GE POWER SYSTEMS
  • ADHESIVES
    • HUNTSMAN
  • AIR SEPARATION UNITS
    • CRYOSTAR
  • ALTERNATIVE FUEL VEHICLES TECHNOLOGIES
    • NEXTGEN FUELING
  • BOIL-OFF GAS HANDLING TECHNOLOGIES
    • HAMWORTHY PLC
  • COLD BOXES
    • AIR PRODUCTS AND CHEMICALS, INC.
  • COMBUSTION SYSTEMS
  • COUPLING SYSTEMS
    • PARKER HANNIFIN
  • CRYOGENIC SYSTEM COMPONENTS
    • CHART INDUSTRIES
  • ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNITS
    • ENERGY CONVERSIONS, INC.
  • EXPANDERS
    • EBARA INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
  • FLANGES AND PIPING
    • INTERNATIONAL STEEL SUPPLIES INC.
  • FLEXIBLE HOSES/HOSES
    • MARINTEK
  • FSO/FPSO UNITS
    • BLUEWATER ENERGY SERVICES B.V.
  • GAS/ OIL/ WATER SEPARATION UNITS
    • ACS INDUSTRIES, INC.
  • GAS PROCESSING SYSTEMS AND COMPONENTS
    • MARLBORO ENTERPRISES, INC.
  • HEAT EXCHANGERS/HEAT TRANSFER TECHNOLOGY
    • ALFA LAVAL INC.
  • INSULATION (CRYOGENIC) SYSTEMS
    • INSULATIONS, INC.
  • LNG TANKER BERTH AND LNG LOADING ARMS
    • FMC TECHNOLOGIES
    • ADVANCED PRODUCTION AND LOADING AS
    • FMC CORPORATION
  • LNG PEAKSHAVING AND SATELLITE SYSTEMS
    • CHｷIV CRYOGENICS CORPORATION
    • CLEAN ENERGY FUELS CORP.
    • GAS TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE (GTI)
    • CROYOGENIC INDUSTRIES
    • MARLIN GAS TRANSPORT, INC.
    • UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (U.S. DOE)
  • PIPE SECTIONS
    • CHIYODA CORPORATION
  • PIPE SUPPORTS
    • NAVARRO CHEMICALS PTY LTD.
  • PRESSURE VESSELS (CRYOGENIC)
    • CROMPTON TECHNOLOGY GROUP LTD.
  • CRYOGENIC PUMPS
    • CRYOSTAR-FRANCE SA
  • TURBINES
    • SEIMENS WESTINGHOUSE
  • FLOW METERS, FLOW COMPUTERS AND FLOW INDICATORS
    • INVENSYS
    • EMERSON PROCESS MANAGEMENT
    • SAGE METERING, INC.
    • YOKOGAWA CORPORATION OF AMERICA
    • IMPCO TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
    • SIEMENS ENERGY & AUTOMATION, INC.
    • ALICAT SCIENTIFIC
  • ANALYZERS, DETECTORS, SENSORS, CONTROLS AND INSTRUMENTATION
    • PARKER INSTRUMENTATION
    • DAVIDSON INSTRUMENTS
    • EXTECH INSTRUMENTS, INC.
    • OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH DYNAMICS
  • LNG VALUE CHAIN COMPANIES
    • SEMPRA ENERGY LNG CORP
    • EXXONMOBIL CORP.
    • ROYAL DUTCH/SHELL PETROLEUM COMPANY
    • BP PLC
    • TOTALFINAELF SA
    • CHEVRONTEXACO CORP.
    • ENI SPA
    • REPSOL-YPF SA
    • CONOCOPHILLIPS
    • BG GROUP
  • NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION COMPNIES
    • MARATHON OIL COMPANY
    • E.ON AG
  • SERVICE SUPPLY COMPANIES
    • SCHLUMBERGER
    • DEN NORSKE STATS OLJESELSKAP AS (STATOIL)
    • HALLIBURTON CO.
    • AMEC PROCESS AND ENERGY LTD.
  • ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES
    • ABS
    • CHICAGO BRIDGE & IRON COMPANY
    • STORK ENGINEERS AND CONTRACTORS BV
    • PITT-DES MOINES, INC.
    • FLUOR DANIEL
    • ABB LUMMUS GLOBAL GMBH
    • BAKER HUGHES, INC.
    • BLACK AND VEATCH PRITCHARD, INC.
  • INVESTMENT ADVISORY COMPANIES
    • THE MITCHELL GROUP INC.
  • GAS TRANSMISSION/DISTRIBUTION
    • THE WILLIAMS COMPANIES, INC.
    • EL PASO GLOBAL LNG
    • ENCANA GAS STORAGE INC.
    • NISOURCE INC.
  • LNG SHIP CONSTRUCTION/PROPULSION SYSTEMS
    • HYUNDAI HEAVY INDUSTRIES
    • DAEWOO SHIPBUILDING & MARINE ENGINEERING COMPANY
    • MCDERMOTT INTERNATIONAL, INC.
    • ISHIKAWAJIMA-HARIMA HEAVY INDUSTRIES
    • MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES (MHI)
    • MITSUI ENGINEERING AND SHIPBUILDING COMPANY
    • CHANTIERS DE LATLANTIQUE
    • IZAR CONSTRUCCIONES NAVALES S.A.
  • LNG TANKER OPERATORS
    • MITSUI OSK LINES
  • LNG PROCESS TECHNOLOGY LICENSORS
    • AIR PRODUCTS AND CHEMICALS, INC.
    • TECHNIP
    • LNDE
  • LEGAL ADVISRY SERVICE
    • WHITE & CASE LLP
  • FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS AND MATERIALS
    • MARIOFF CORPORATION OY
    • PPG INDUSTRIES, INC.
  • FLARE SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT
    • ELMAC GROUP
    • ABB GAS TECHNOLOGY AS
  • HYDRAULICS AND ELECTROCHEMICAL EQUIPMENT
    • BHP PETROLEUM (BHPP) PTY LTD
  • HYDROGRAPHIC, METEOROLOGICAL AND SEISMIC SURVEY
    • PIC ENERGY GROUP
    • ASAMS LTD.
  • LFTING EQUIPMENT, CRANES AND WINCHES
    • INGERSOLL-RAND
    • HYDRALIFT ASA
    • MOLDECRANE
  • LIGHTING
    • CEAG SICHERHEITSTECHNIK GMBH
    • CHINA LIGHT & POWER HOLDINGS
  • LININGS, SEALS AND GASKETS
    • BAL SEAL ENGINEERING COMPANY, INC.
  • PIPELINES AND PIPING COMPONENTS
    • CECO PIPELINE SERVICES COMPANY, INC.
    • 3M
    • NKT FLEXIBLES
    • TIMET
  • POWER GENERATION AND PROPULSION MACHINERY
    • ORMAT
  • PROCESSING AND SEPARATION SYSTEMS
    • FOSTER WHEELER CORPORATION
    • PETRECO INTERNATIONAL
    • CHICAGO BRIDGE & IRON COMPANY
    • KVAERNER PROCESS SYSTEMS
    • MINOX TECHNOLOGY AS
  • PROJECT MANAGEMENT, CONSULTANCY AND CERTIFICATION
    • ABS MARINE SERVICES
    • MULTIPHASE SOLUTIONS, INC.
    • SCHLUMBERGER OILFIELD SERVICES
    • VIKING ENERGY ROYALTY TRUST
  • PUMPS (NON-CRYOGENIC)
    • CAT PUMPS
  • RECRUITMENT AND PERSONNEL
    • OMEGA SELECTION SERVICES LTD
  • ROCK DUMPING
    • VAN OORD ACZ BV
  • STEEL, SPECIAL METALS AND WELDING
    • WEIR MATERIALS & FOUNDERIES
    • KRUPP THYSSEN NIROSTA (KTN)
  • SUPPORT VESSELS, SUPPLY AND CONTAINERS
    • SETEC CONTRACTING AS
  • SURPLUS AND USED EQUIPMENT
    • ACM ENGINEERING, LTD
    • ZEUS SALES & SERVICES LTD
  • SURVIVAL, SAFETY AND PROTECTION
    • BRADY CORPORATION
    • SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES
    • GEXCON
  • WELL EQUIPMENT
    • WELLTEC
• LIST OF TABLES
• Summary Table:
• Table 1 AN OVERVIEW OF THE LNG VALUE CHAIN
• Table 2 OVERVIEW OF LNG INFRASTRUCTURE CAPITAL COST BREAKDOWN ($ MILLION)
• Table 3 WORLDWIDE LNG AND TOTAL NATURAL GAS TRADE, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
• Table 4 OVERVIEW OF WORLD KEY ECONOMIC INDICATORS; TRADE AND GDP, 2002-2010 (GROWTH, %)
• Table 5 OVERVIEW OF WORLDWIDE GDP AND GDP GROWTH, 2002-2005
• Table 6 SHARE OF INTERNATIONAL LNG TRADE BY TYPE OF CONTRACT, 2002-2010 (%)
• Table 7 OVERVIEW OF LNG IMPORTERS BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
• Table 8 OVERVIEW OF LNG EXPORTERS BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
• Table 9 OVERVIEW OF GLOBAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY FEEDSTOCK, THROUGH 2010 (QUADRILLION BTU/YEAR)
• Table 10 RECENT EXCHANGE RATES
• Table 11 OVERVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATES, 2000-2004
• Table 12 OVERVIEW OF METAL PRICES (INDEX; JANURY 1998=1.0)
• Table 13 OVERVIEW OF LNG PLANT EVOLUTION
• Table 14 OVERVIEW OF GLOBAL NATURAL GAS RESERVES (GLOBAL RESERVES = 6,008 TCF)
• Table 15 OVERVIEW OF CHANGING PATTERN OF LNG EXPORTS
• Table 16 OVERVIEW OF THE OPERATING COST COMPONENTS OF THE LNG INFRASTRUCTURE VALUE CHAIN INDUSTRY ($/MMBTU)
• Table 17 OVERVIEW OF GLOBAL LNG INFRASTRURE CAPITAL SPENDING BY SEGMENT, THROUGH 2010 ($ BILLIONS/YEAR)
• Table 18 COST BREAKDOWN OF EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT CHAIN
• Table 19 COST BREAKDOWN OF A MODERN BASE-LOAD LNG PLANT
• Table 20 COST BREAKDOWN OF A MODERN LNG VESSEL (%)
• Table 21 COST BREAKDOWN OF A MODERN BASE-LOAD LNG REGAS PLANT
• Table 22 COST COMPONENTS OF PIPELINE DISTRIBUTIONCONSTRUCTION
• Table 23 GLOBAL LNG LIQUEFACTION PLANTS COMMISSIONED, 2004
• Table 24 MARKETS FOR NEW LNG CAPACITY BY REGION, 2004-2008 (MILLIONS TONS/YEAR)
• Table 25 GLOBAL LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY UNDER CONSTRUCTION AND MARKETS, (AS OF OCTOBER 2004)
• Table 26 CHARACTERISTICS OF GLOBAL LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY BY REGION, 2003-2010 (BILLION CUBIC FEET/YEAR)
• Table 27 POLITICAL CONCENTRATION OF GLOBAL NATURAL GAS RESERVES, CURRENT LNG PRODUCTION CAPACITY AND PROJECTED CAPACITY, 2003-2010
• Table 28 GLOBAL LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY BY PROCESS TECHNOLOGY, 2003-2010 (BILLION CUBIC FEET/YEAR)
• Table 29 DEMAND FOR LNG PRODUCTION CAPACITY, BY PROCESS TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
• Table 30 LNG COMPARATIVE COSTS BY COUNTRY/PROJECT AND CAPACITY
• Table 31 REGIONAL SHARE OF GLOBAL LNG TRADE IMPORT MARKET, 2002-2010
• Table 32 LARGE (MEDIUM-SCALE) LNG TANKERS WITH CHARTERAGE CONTRACTS EXPIRING BY 2010, 2003-2010
• Table 33 SAMPLE CHARTERAGE FEES FOR OLDER LNG TANKERS
• Table 34 NUMBER OF LNG SHIPS, ON ORDER, TOTAL CAPACITY AND SHIP COST, THROUGH 2010
• Table 35 LNG MARKET SEGMENTATION BY CONTRACT TYPE, THROUGH 2010 (MILLION METRIC TONS/YEAR)
• Table 36 LNG NEWBUILDING DELIVERY SCHEDULE, 2002-2006
• Table 37 GLBOAL LNG TRADE BY SEGMENTATION BY BASINS, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
• Table 38 GLOBAL LNG TRADE BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
• Table 39 LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS PRICE FRAGMENTATION/CONVERGENCE, 2000-2005 ($/MMBTU)
• Table 40 COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF LNG EXPORTER NETBACKS AT REGASIFICATION TERMINALS WORLDWIDE, 2004 ($/MMBTU)
• Table 41 COMPANY EQUITY PARTICIPATION IN THE LNG BUSINESS, 2004
• Table 42 LNG INFRASTRUCTURE MARKET SHARE OF LEADING COMPANIES BY PRODUCT, 2004 (%)
• Table 43 MARKET SHARE OF LEADING COMPANIES BY LNG INFRASTRUCTURE SEGMENT, 2004 (%)
• Table 44 EARNINGS (BEFORE INTEREST AND TAXES) OF SELECTED LNG PLAYERS, 2001-2004 ($ MILLION/YEAR)
• Table 45 GROSS PROFIT OF MAJOR LNG VALUE CHAIN PLAYERS, 2001-2004 ($ MILLION/YEAR)
• Table 46 GREENFIELD AND EXPANSION LNG PROJECT ENTRY FEE FOR SELECTED PRODUCING COUNTRIES ($ MILLION)
• Table 47 CAPITAL AND EXPLORATION EXPENDITURES FOR SELECT COMPANIES, 2001-2004 ($ BILLION/YEAR)
• Table 48 PROXIMITY TO CUSTOMER IS A KEY TO LNG SPOT SALES
• Table 49 COMPARATIVE REGIONAL LNG ECONOMICS FOR GREEFIELD FACILITIES ($/1,000 CUBIC FEET)
• Table 50 LNG TRADED CAPACITY AND UTILIZATION RATE, THROUGH 2010 (MMT/TONS, %)
• Table 51 BOOSTING THE CAPACITY OF OLD AND NEW LNG PLANTS BY REJUVENATION
• Table 52 SPECIFIC CAPITAL COST OF GREENFIELD LNG PLANT DEVELOPMENT
• Table 53 NUMBER OF GREENFIELD LNG PLANT DEVELOPMENT
• Table 54 ASIAN LNG IMPORT MARKET SHARE DOMINATION,
• 2002-2010 (%)
• Table 55 ATLANTIC BASIN LNG IMPORT MARKET SHARE DOMINATION, 2002-2010 (%)
• Table 56 EMERGING LNG IMPORT MARKET SHARE DOMINATION, 2002-2010 (%)
• Table 57 COSTS OF ELECTRIC-POWER GENERAION BY PLANT TYPE
• Table 58 TRENDS IN THE NUMBER OF LNG IMPORTERS/EXPORTERS, 1960-2010 (NUMBER)
• Table 59 TRENDS IN THE NUMBER OF LNG IMPORTERS AND EXPORTERS BY REGION, 1960 THROUGH 2010 (NUMBER)
• Table 60 TRENDS IN LNG INFRASTRUCTURE VALUE CHAIN COSTS, THROUGH 2030 ($/TON LNG)
• Table 61 REPRESENTATIVE LNG MERCHANT POSITIONS
• Table 62 TREND IN TYPE OF NEWLY SIGNED LNG CONTRACT (%)
• Table 63 MLNG SATU TO TEPCO (MT/YEAR)
• Table 64 MLNG SATU TO TOKYO GAS (MT/YEAR)
• Table 65 MLNG TIGA TO JAPAN GAS CONSORTIUM (MT/YEAR)
• Table 66 HEAT CONTENT PLAYS A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN LIMITING LNG SUPPLIES (BTU CONTENT)
• Table 67 U.S. BASED OIL AND GAS FIRMS REVENUES, 2001-2004 ($ MILLIONS)
• Table 68 COMPANY RESULTS FOR THE WORLDS TOP SERVICE SUPPLY COMPANIES, 2001-2004 (REVENUES, $MILLIONS)
• Table 69 COMPANY RESULTS FOR THE WORLDS TOP PRIVATE/STATE LNG COMPANIES OUTSIDE THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 2001-2004 (REVENUES, $ BILLIONS)
• Table 70 COMPANY RESULTS FOR INSTRUMENTATION SUPPLIERS, 2001-2004 (WORLDWIDE REVENUES, $MILLIONS/YEAR)
• Table 71 LNG INFRASTRUCTURE PRODUCT/VALUE CHAIN LINK CHART
• Table 72 WORLD LNG INFRASTRUCTURE DEMAND BY PRODUCT CATEGORY, THROUGH 2010 ($ MIILIONS/YEAR)
• Table 73 WORLD LNG SYSTEM AND EQUIPMENT INFRASTRUCTURE DEMAND BY TYPE, THROUGH 2010 ($MIILIONS/YEAR)
• Table 74 WORLD LNG SERVICE INFRASTRUCTURE DEMAND BY TYPE, THROUGH 2010 ($MIILIONS/YEAR)
• Table 75 WORLD LNG INFRASTRUCTURE DEMAND BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
• Table 76 LNG APPLICATION IN INTERMANTIONAL TRADE; EXPORTS BY WESTERN HEMISPHERE, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
• Table 77 LNG APPLICATION IN INTERMANTIONAL TRADE; EXPORTS BY PACIFIC BASIN, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
• Table 78 LNG APPLICATION IN INTERMANTIONAL TRADE; EXPORTS BY ROW BASIN, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
• Table 79 WORLD APPLICATION IN MERCHANT LNG SUPPLY BY TYPE, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
• Table 80 WORLD LNG APPLICATION IN PEAKSHAVING BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
• Table 81 WORLD LNG APPLICATION IN VEHICLE FUEL BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
• Table 82 WORLD LNG APPLICATION IN SATELLITE PLANTS BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
• Table 83 WORLD EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION INVESTMENTS FOR LNG INFRASTRUCTURE BY ELEMENT, THROUGH 2010 ($ BILLIONS/YEAR)
• Table 84 WORLD EXPLORATION/PRODUCTION INVESTMENTS FOR LNG INFRASTRUCTURE BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 ($ BILLIONS/YEAR)
• Table 85 WORLD LNG LIQUEFACTION INVESTMENT BY ELEMENT TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2010 ($MILLIONS/YEAR)
• Table 86 WORLD DEMAND BY TYPE OF HEAT EXCHANGER TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2010 ($MILLIONS/YEAR)
• Table 87 WORLD LNG LIQUEFACTION INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT, BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS/YEAR)
• Table 88 NORTH AMERICA LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY
• Table 89 EUROPE LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY
• Table 90 AUSTRALIA LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY
• Table 91 INDONESIA LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY
• Table 92 MALAYSIA LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY
• Table 93 BRUNEI LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY
• Table 94 TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY
• Table 95 BOLIVIA LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY
• Table 96 VENEZUELA LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY
• Table 97 PERU LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY
• Table 98 BRAZIL LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY
• Table 99 ALGERIAN LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY
• Table 100 NIGERIAN LNG IMPORT CAPACITY
• Table 101 EGYPT LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY
• Table 102 LYBIAN LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY
• Table 103 ANGOLAN LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY
• Table 104 EQUATORIAL GUINEA LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY
• Table 105 OMAN LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY
• Table 106 IRAN LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY
• Table 107 ABU DHABI LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY
• Table 108 QATAR LNG LIQUECATION CAPACITY
• Table 109 YEMEN LNG LIQUEFACTION CAPACITY
• Table 110 COMPARISON OF EFFICIENCIES FOR DIFFERENT REFRIGERATION CYCLES
• Table 111 COMPARISON OF NECESSARY EQUIPMENT, COST AND LNG PRODUCTION
• Table 112 BASE-LOAD LNG LIQUEFACTION PLANT COSTS
• Table 113 THE RELATIVE LIQUEFACTION PLANT COSTS
• Table 114 THE RELATIVE LIQUEFACTION PLANT COSTS
• Table 115 WORLD INVESTMENT BY SHIPPING ELEMENT TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2010 ($MILLIONS/YEAR)
• Table 116 COMPARISON OF LNG CARGO CONTAINMENT SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY
• Table 117 WORLD DEMAND FOR LNG TRANSPORTATION BY CONTAINMENT TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2010 (TCF/YEAR)
• Table 118 WORLD DEMAND FOR LNG TANKER INVESTMENT BY PROPULSION TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2010 ($MILLIONS/YEAR)
• Table 119 TECHNO-ECONOMIC COMPARISON OF SHIP PROPULSION SYSTEMS
• Table 120 WORLD MARINE LNG SHIP INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT, BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 ($ BILLIONS/YEAR)
• Table 121 EAST OF SUEZ TANKER REQUIREMENTS, THROUGH 2010 ($ BILLIONS/YEAR)
• Table 122 WEST OF SUEZ TANKER REQUIREMENTS, THROUGH 2010 ($ BILLIONS/YEAR)
• Table 123 WORLD INVESTMENT BY RECEIVING TERMINAL ELEMENT TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2010 ($MILLIONS/YEAR)
• Table 124 WORLD DEMAND FOR LNG INFRASTRUCTURE BY STORAGE TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS/YEAR)
• Table 125 WORLD DEMAND FOR LNG REGASIFICATION BY HEAT EXCHANGE TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS/YEAR)
• Table 126 WORLD LNG RECEIVING/REGASIFICATION INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT, BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS/YEAR)
• Table 127 EXISTING CAPACITY AND PLANNED EXPANSIONS AT LNG INPORT TERMINALS IN THE LOWER 48 U.S. STATES (AS OF APRIL 27, 2005)
• Table 128 CANADA LNG IMPORT CAPACITY
• Table 129 EXISTING CAPACITY AND PLANNED EXPANSIONS AT LNG INPORT TERMINALS IN WESTERN EUROPE
• Table 130 EUROPEAN LNG IMPORT CAPACITY
• Table 131 EXISTING CAPACITY AND PLANNED EXPANSIONS AT LNG INPORT TERMINALS IN ASIA
• Table 132 JAPAN LNG IMPORT CAPACITY
• Table 133 SOUTH KOREAN LNG IMPORT CAPACITY
• Table 134 TAIWAN LNG IMPORT CAPACITY
• Table 135 NEW ZEALAND LNG IMPORT CAPACITY
• Table 136 CHINA LNG IMPORT CAPACITY
• Table 137 INDIAN LNG IMPORT CAPACITY
• Table 138 EXISTING CAPACITY AND PLANNED EXPANSIONS AT LNG IMPORT TERMINALS IN THE REST OF THE WORLD
• Table 139 MEXICO LNG IMPORT CAPACITY
• Table 140 BAHAMAS LNG IMPORT CAPACITY
• Table 141 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC LNG IMPORT CAPACITY
• Table 142 PUERTO RICO LNG IMPORT CAPACITY
• Table 143 HONDURAS LNG IMPORT CAPACITY
• Table 144 BRAZIL LNG IMPORT CAPACITY
• Table 145 INVESTMENT BY PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION COST ELEMENT TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2010 ($BILLION/YEAR)
• Table 146 WORLD REGASIFIED LNG MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT, BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 ($ BILLIONS/YEAR)
• Table 147 NATURAL GAS PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION IN NORTH AMERICA, 2005-2010 (MILES)
• Table 148 NATURAL GAS PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION IN EUROPE, 2005-2010 (MILES)
• Table 149 NATURAL GAS PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION IN ASIA, 2005-2010 (MILES)
• Table 150 NATURAL GAS PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION IN SOUTH AMERICA, 2005-2010 (MILES)
• Table 151 NATURAL GAS PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION IN AFRICA, 2005-2010 (MILES)
• Table 152 NATURAL GAS PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION IN THE MIDDLE EAST, 2005-2010 (MILES)
• Table 153 NATURAL GAS PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION COSTS BY LOCATION, 2000-2004 ($ MILLION/MILE)
• Table 154 NATURAL GAS LAND PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION COSTS COMPONENTS, 2000-2004 ($ MILLION/MILE)
• Table 155 NATURAL GAS OFFSHORE PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION COSTS COMPONENTS, 2000-2004 ($ MILLION/MILE)
• Table 156 COMPARISON OF PROPERTIES OF LIQUID FUELS
• Table 157 SELECTED SAFETY CHARACTERISTICS OF NATURAL GAS AND RELATED PRODUCTS
• Table 158 LNG INFRASTRUCTURE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
• Table 159 LNG INFRASTRUCTURE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT/IMPORTANT APPROACH
• Table 160 LNG INFRASTRUCTURE PROCESS/APPLICATION
• Table 161 SIMPLE PAYBACK COMPARISON OF GAS TRANSPORTATION OPTIONS
• Table 162 UNIT OPERATIONS AND EQUIPMENT/SYSTEMS TYPE - LNG VS GAS CONVERSION
• Table 163 LNG INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT BY COMPANY, THROUGH 2010 ($BILLION/YEAR)
• Table 164 STATE-OWNED COMPANIES
• Table 165 PRIVATE OIL AND GAS COMPANIES
• Table 166 GAS/POWER COMPANIES
• Table 167 STATE-OWNED OIL/GAS COMPANIES
• Table 168 CHEMICAL COMPANIES
• Table 169 LNG INFRASTRUCTURE PATENTS/R&D LEADERS BY COMPANY, 2001-2004 (NUMBER/YEAR)
• LIST OF FIGURES
• Summary Figure:
• Figure 1 THE LNG LIQUEFACTION INFRASTRUCTURE BLOCK FLOW DIAGRAM
• Figure 2 LNG RECEIVING/REGASIFICATION PORT INFRASTRUCTURE CONFIGURATION
• Figure 3 LNG MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION INFRASTRUCTURE
• Figure 4 FULLY INTEGRATED (TRADITIONAL) MODEL: SELLERS, BUYERS
• Figure 5 BUYERS, SELLERS IN LNG SUPPLY CHAIN
• Figure 6 CHALLENGES FACING THE LNG INFRASTRUCTURE PLAYERS
• Figure 7 NONINTEGRATED (CURRENTLY EVOLVING) LNG INFRASTRUCTURE SUPPLY CHAIN
• Figure 8 DEREGULATED GAS MARKET: NONOPEN ACCESS REGASIFICATION
• Figure 9 LNG SUPPLY CHAIN UNDER FERCS OPEN-ACCESS REGIME
• Figure 10 LNG SUPPLY CHAIN UNDER FERCS NEW NON-OPEN ACCESS REGIME
• Figure 11 THE LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS CHAIN
• Figure 12 TRENDS IN NATURAL GAS PRICES IN THE U.S.
• Figure 13 ELEMENTS OF THE NATURAL GAS INFRASTRUCTURE VALUE CHAIN
• Figure 14 CGIS PRPOSED TECHNOLOGY FOR LNG IMPORT AND STORAGE BASED ON THE BISHOP PROCESS