[英文調查報告書] 廢棄塑膠資源回收

Abstract

Plastics are one of the most widely used materials today. They are found in everything from packaging, to textiles, to construction, electronics, and more. New applications continually are emerging, and at some point this material must be disposed of and/or recycled. While there are instances when the recycling of plastics is profitable, there also are cases where the cost to collect, separate, clean and reuse plastic products outweighs, sometimes far outweighs, the economic and environmental benefits of doing so. Nonetheless, recycling is always a consideration.

This BCC study describes existing markets for postconsumer recycled plastics, and identifies and characterizes concentrations of waste materials containing plastics that are potential sources for further recycling.

Some plastic products may be cost-effectively recycled. Several others are potentially viable, but face issues of economies of scale, collection infrastructure, and especially end-use markets that will make their recovery worthwhile. Some types of recycled plastics are experiencing growing demand due to development of new markets, such as wood/fiber plastic composite lumber. Other segments of the waste stream are becoming difficult to dispose of, mainly because of concerns over release of undesirable substances into the environment. Diversion from landfills of such materials presents opportunities for plastics recycling.

SCOPE OF STUDY

The report contains:

An overview of the manufacture of plastics, the major types of plastics used and how they are disposed of
An overview of the removal of plastics products from the waste stream for the purpose of physical recycling
Analysis of existing markets by material source and by resin, with forecasts to 2009
Analysis of markets for products made with recycled plastics, also with forecasts to 2009
An overview of government regulations in the U.S. as well as international attitudes, laws and technologies of interest
Profiles of relevant organizations and companies.

INTRODUCTION
SUMMARY
- Summary Table: POST-CONSUMER PLASTICS RECYCLING, THROUGH 2009
OVERVIEW OF PLASTICS RECYCLING
- Table 1 TYPICAL COLLECTION AND PROCESSING COSTS ($/tON COLLECTED ON AVERAGE)
- Table 2 COSTS FOR PROCESSING PLASTIC BOTTLES ($/TON)
GOVERNMENT REGULATION
- Table 3 FEDERAL LEGISLATION RELEVANT TO PLASTICS RECYCLING
- Table 4 TCLP LIMITS FOR SELECT SUBSTANCES
  - SOME STATE LAWS
    - SOME STATE LAWS (CONTINUED)
- Table 5 STATE BOTTLE BILL SUMMARY
- Table 5 (CONTINUED)
INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS
- Table 6 CURRENT AND PROPOSED EU PACKAGING WASTE RECYCLING QUOTAS (%)
  - JAPAN
    - JAPAN (CONTINUED)
MARKETS FOR RECYCLED PLASTICS
- Table 7 SOURCES OF POST-CONSUMER PLASTICS RECYCLING, THROUGH 2009 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
- Table 8 AMOUNTS OF BOTTLES RECYCLED, THROUGH 2009 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
- Table 9 FEES PAID TO PROCESSORS BY THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA FOR A REASONABLE FINANCIAL RETURN ON RECYCLING, 2004 ($/TON)
- Table 10 SUMMARY OF PLASTIC CONTAINER RECYCLING IN CALIFORNIA, 1998-2003
- Table 10 (CONTINUED)
- Table 11 AGRICULTURAL FILM USE (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
- Table 12 POST-CONSUMER FILM RECYCLING ESTIMATES, THROUGH 2009 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
- Table 13 ANALYSIS OF ASR
- Table 14 BREAKDOWN OF PLASTICS IN ASR
- Table 15 RECYCLING OF PLASTICS FROM AUTOMOTIVE SOURCES, THROUGH 2009 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
- Table 16 ANNUAL GENERATION AND RECOVERY OF PLASTICS IN WASTE ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2009 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
- Table 17 RANGES FOR DISTRIBUTION OF PRODUCTS FOUND IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC WASTE (%)
- Table 18 COMPOSITION OF CONSUMER ELECTRONICS IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM (%)
- Table 19 COMPOSITION RANGES OF PLASTICS IN ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL PRODUCTS (WT%)
- Table 20 MINOR COMPONENTS IN E-WASTE AND WHERE THEY OCCUR
- Table 21 SUMMARY OF NEGOTIATED OUTCOMES FOR CARPET RECOVERY, 2002-2012 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
- Table 22 CARPET RECYCLING, THROUGH 2009 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
  - RECYCLING BY RESIN
    - SUMMARY
      - Summary (continued)
- Table 23 POST-CONSUMER PLASTICS RECYCLING BY RESIN, THROUGH 2009 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
- Figure 1 DISTRIBUTION OF PVC BY PRODUCT CATEGORY (%)
- Table 24 ESTIMATES FOR POST-CONSUMER PVC RECYCLING, THROUGH 2009 (MILLION OF POUNDS)
- Figure 2 PS DISTRIBUTION
- Table 25 ESTIMATES FOR POST-CONSUMER PS RECYCLING, THROUGH 2009 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
- Table 26 ESTIMATES FOR POST-CONSUMER POLYURETHANE RECYCLING, THROUGH 2009 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
- Table 27 ESTIMATES FOR POST-CONSUMER PC RECYCLING, THROUGH 2009 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
- Figure 3 HDPE DISTRIBUTION
- Table 28 ESTIMATES FOR POST-CONSUMER HDPE RECYCLED, THROUGH 2009 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
- Figure 4 LDPE AND LLDPE DISTRIBUTION (%)
- Table 29 ESTIMATES FOR RECYCLING OF POST-CONSUMER L/LDPE, THROUGH 2009 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
- Figure 5 PET DISTRIBUTION IN PRODUCTS (%)
- Table 30 ESTIMATES FOR POST-CONSUMER PET RECYCLING, THROUGH 2009 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
- Figure 6 HISTORIC PET AVAILABILITY AND RECYCLING (MILLION LBS.)
- Figure 6 (CONTINUED)
- Figure 7 HISTORIC MARKET DISTRIBUTION FOR RECYCLED PET, DOMESTIC USE, 1996-2003 (MILLION LBS.)
- Figure 8 PP DISTRIBUTION (%)
- Figure 8 (CONTINUED)
- Table 31 ESTIMATES FOR POST-CONSUMER PP RECYCLING, THROUGH 2009 (MILLION POUNDS)
  - RECYCLED PLASTIC MARKETS BY END USE
    - RECYCLED PLASTIC MARKETS BY END USE (CONTINUED)
- Figure 9 PLASTICS RECYCLING PATHWAYS
- Table 32 ESTIMATED DEMAND FOR POST-CONSUMER RECYCLED PLASTIC USE IN PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2009 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
- Table 33 U.S. WOOD PRODUCTS COMPANIES PARTICICAPTION IN WPC PRODUCT MARKETS
- Table 34 EXCERPTS FROM "ASCE 2001 REPORT CARD FOR AMERICAS INFRASTRUCTURE" AND "2003 PROGRESS REPORT, AN UPDATE TO THE 2001 REPORT CARD"
- Table 34 (CONTINUED)
- Figure 10 RESINS USED IN WPCS (%)
- Figure 10 (CONTINUED)
- Table 35 ASTM STANDARDS FOR PLASTIC LUMBER
- Table 36 PLASTIC LUMBER AND WOOD FIBRE/PLASTIC COMPOSITE SALES AND VOLUMES, THROUGH 2009
- Table 37 WPC MARKET BREAKDOWN
- Table 38 WOOD/FIBER PLASTIC COMPOSITE AND PLASTIC LUMBER DECKING DEMAND, THROUGH 2009
- Table 39 INDUSTRIAL/CONSUMER PRODUCTS MADE FROM RPL AND WPCS
- Table 40 COMPOSITE AND PLASTIC LUMBER RR TIE PRODUCERS
- Table 41 WPC AND RPL ESTIMATED REPLACEMENT RAILROAD TIE SALES, THROUGH 2009
- Table 42 MARKET DISTRIBUTION BY COMPANY OF WPCS AND RPL PRODUCTS, 2003 (%)
- Table 43 AERT SALES HISTORY, 1997-2003
- Table 44 TREX SALES HISTORY, 1993, 1997-2003
- Table 45 USPL COMPOSITE AND RPL SALES HISTORY, 2000-2003
- Table 46 POTENTIAL FOR RECYCLED PLASTICS IN ICFS FOR RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION, THROUGH 2009*
- Table 47 PAVING ADDITIVE POTENTIAL
- Table 48 ESTIMATED POST-CONSUMER RECYCLED RESIN USE IN PLASTIC/INORGANIC COMPOSITES, THROUGH 2009 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
- Table 49 U.S. PLASTIC/INORGANIC PRODUCTS
- Table 50 ESTIMATED POST-CONSUMER RECYCLED RESIN USE IN CONSUMER PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2009* (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
- Table 51 ESTIMATED POST-CONSUMER RECYCLED RESIN USE IN BUILDING PRODUCTS OTHER THAN WPCS, RPL, AND ICFS, THROUGH 2009* (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
- Table 52 ESTIMATED POST-CONSUMER RECYCLED RESIN USE IN INDUSTRIAL/COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2009 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
- Table 53 ESTIMATED POST-CONSUMER RECYCLED RESIN USE IN AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2009 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
- Table 54 ESTIMATED POST-CONSUMER RESIN USE IN AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS, 2003 (MILLION POUNDS)
COMPANIES, TRADE ASSOCIATIONS, AND OTHER RELEVANT GROUPS
APPENDIX
- Table 55 HISTORIC GENERATION AND RECOVERY OF PLASTICS IN MSW, 1960-2001 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
- Figure 11 HISTORIC GENERATION AND RECOVERY OF PLASTICS IN MSW, 1960-2001 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
- Table 56 CURRENT RECOVERY RATES FOR VARIOUS MATERIALS
- Table 57 DISTRIBUTION OF PLASTICS GENERATION AND RECOVERY IN MSW AS DURABLES, NONDURABLES, AND CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
- Figure 12 DISTRIBUTION OF PLASTICS GENERATION AND RECOVERY IN MSW AS DURABLES, NONDURABLES, AND CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING (MILLION POUNDS)
- Table 58 TYPES OF PLASTICS IN MSW BY CATEGORY (MILLION POUNDS)
- Figure 13 TYPES OF PLASTICS IN MSW BY CATEGORY (MILLION POUNDS)
- Table 59 DISTRIBUTION OF PLASTICS GENERATION AND RECOVERY IN MSW AS DURABLES, NONDURABLES, AND CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING
- Table 60 PLASTIC CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING, GENERATION AND RECOVERY
- Table 61 GENERATION AND RECOVERY OF PLASTIC IN MSW BY RESIN (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
- Figure 14 GENERATION AND RECOVERY OF PLASTIC IN MSW BY RESIN (MILLION POUNDS)
- Table 62 RESIN DISTRIBUTION BY PRODUCT TYPE IN MSW
- Table 62 (CONTINUED)
- Table 63 NONDURABLE GOODS DISTRIBUTION BY PRODUCT AND RESIN
- Table 63 (CONTINUED)
- Table 64 CONTAINER AND PACKAGING GOODS DISTRIBUTION BY PRODUCT AND RESIN
- Table 64 (CONTINUED)
- Table 65 HISTORIC PLASTICS GENERATION AND RECOVERY, 1960 TO 2001 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
- Figure 15 HISTORIC PLASTICS GENERATION AND RECOVERY, 1960 TO 2001 (MILLION POUNDS)
Summary Table:
Table 1 TYPICAL COLLECTION AND PROCESSING COSTS ($/tON COLLECTED ON AVERAGE)
Table 2 COSTS FOR PROCESSING PLASTIC BOTTLES ($/TON)
Table 3 FEDERAL LEGISLATION RELEVANT TO PLASTICS RECYCLING
Table 4 TCLP LIMITS FOR SELECT SUBSTANCES
Table 5 STATE BOTTLE BILL SUMMARY
Table 6 CURRENT AND PROPOSED EU PACKAGING WASTE RECYCLING QUOTAS (%)
Table 7 SOURCES OF POST-CONSUMER PLASTICS RECYCLING, THROUGH 2009 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
Table 8 AMOUNTS OF BOTTLES RECYCLED, THROUGH 2009 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
Table 9 FEES PAID TO PROCESSORS BY THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA FOR A REASONABLE FINANCIAL RETURN ON RECYCLING, 2004 ($/TON)
Table 10 SUMMARY OF PLASTIC CONTAINER RECYCLING IN CALIFORNIA, 1998-2003
Table 11 AGRICULTURAL FILM USE (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
Table 12 POST-CONSUMER FILM RECYCLING ESTIMATES, THROUGH 2009 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
Table 13 ANALYSIS OF ASR
Table 14 BREAKDOWN OF PLASTICS IN ASR
Table 15 RECYCLING OF PLASTICS FROM AUTOMOTIVE SOURCES, THROUGH 2009 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
Table 16 ANNUAL GENERATION AND RECOVERY OF PLASTICS IN WASTE ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2009 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
Table 17 RANGES FOR DISTRIBUTION OF PRODUCTS FOUND IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC WASTE (%)
Table 18 COMPOSITION OF CONSUMER ELECTRONICS IN THE MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM (%)
Table 19 COMPOSITION RANGES OF PLASTICS IN ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL PRODUCTS (WT%)
Table 20 MINOR COMPONENTS IN E-WASTE AND WHERE THEY OCCUR
Table 21 SUMMARY OF NEGOTIATED OUTCOMES FOR CARPET RECOVERY, 2002-2012 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
Table 22 CARPET RECYCLING, THROUGH 2009 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
Table 23 POST-CONSUMER PLASTICS RECYCLING BY RESIN, THROUGH 2009 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
Table 24 ESTIMATES FOR POST-CONSUMER PVC RECYCLING, THROUGH 2009 (MILLION OF POUNDS)
Table 25 ESTIMATES FOR POST-CONSUMER PS RECYCLING, THROUGH 2009 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
Table 26 ESTIMATES FOR POST-CONSUMER POLYURETHANE RECYCLING, THROUGH 2009 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
Table 27 ESTIMATES FOR POST-CONSUMER PC RECYCLING, THROUGH 2009 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
Table 28 ESTIMATES FOR POST-CONSUMER HDPE RECYCLED, THROUGH 2009 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
Table 29 ESTIMATES FOR RECYCLING OF POST-CONSUMER L/LDPE, THROUGH 2009 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
Table 30 ESTIMATES FOR POST-CONSUMER PET RECYCLING, THROUGH 2009 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
Table 31 ESTIMATES FOR POST-CONSUMER PP RECYCLING, THROUGH 2009 (MILLION POUNDS)
Table 32 ESTIMATED DEMAND FOR POST-CONSUMER RECYCLED PLASTIC USE IN PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2009 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
Table 33 U.S. WOOD PRODUCTS COMPANIES PARTICICAPTION IN WPC PRODUCT MARKETS
Table 34 EXCERPTS FROM "ASCE 2001 REPORT CARD FOR AMERICAS INFRASTRUCTURE" AND "2003 PROGRESS REPORT, AN UPDATE TO THE 2001 REPORT CARD"
Table 35 ASTM STANDARDS FOR PLASTIC LUMBER
Table 36 PLASTIC LUMBER AND WOOD FIBRE/PLASTIC COMPOSITE SALES AND VOLUMES, THROUGH 2009
Table 37 WPC MARKET BREAKDOWN
Table 38 WOOD/FIBER PLASTIC COMPOSITE AND PLASTIC LUMBER DECKING DEMAND, THROUGH 2009
Table 39 INDUSTRIAL/CONSUMER PRODUCTS MADE FROM RPL AND WPCS
Table 40 COMPOSITE AND PLASTIC LUMBER RR TIE PRODUCERS
Table 41 WPC AND RPL ESTIMATED REPLACEMENT RAILROAD TIE SALES, THROUGH 2009
Table 42 MARKET DISTRIBUTION BY COMPANY OF WPCS AND RPL PRODUCTS, 2003 (%)
Table 43 AERT SALES HISTORY, 1997-2003
Table 44 TREX SALES HISTORY, 1993, 1997-2003
Table 45 USPL COMPOSITE AND RPL SALES HISTORY, 2000-2003
Table 46 POTENTIAL FOR RECYCLED PLASTICS IN ICFS FOR RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION, THROUGH 2009*
Table 47 PAVING ADDITIVE POTENTIAL
Table 48 ESTIMATED POST-CONSUMER RECYCLED RESIN USE IN PLASTIC/INORGANIC COMPOSITES, THROUGH 2009 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
Table 49 U.S. PLASTIC/INORGANIC PRODUCTS
Table 50 ESTIMATED POST-CONSUMER RECYCLED RESIN USE IN CONSUMER PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2009* (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
Table 51 ESTIMATED POST-CONSUMER RECYCLED RESIN USE IN BUILDING PRODUCTS OTHER THAN WPCS, RPL, AND ICFS, THROUGH 2009* (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
Table 52 ESTIMATED POST-CONSUMER RECYCLED RESIN USE IN INDUSTRIAL/COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2009 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
Table 53 ESTIMATED POST-CONSUMER RECYCLED RESIN USE IN AUTOMOTIVE PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2009 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
Table 54 ESTIMATED POST-CONSUMER RESIN USE IN AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS, 2003 (MILLION POUNDS)
Table 55 HISTORIC GENERATION AND RECOVERY OF PLASTICS IN MSW, 1960-2001 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
Table 56 CURRENT RECOVERY RATES FOR VARIOUS MATERIALS
Table 57 DISTRIBUTION OF PLASTICS GENERATION AND RECOVERY IN MSW AS DURABLES, NONDURABLES, AND CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
Table 58 TYPES OF PLASTICS IN MSW BY CATEGORY (MILLION POUNDS)
Table 59 DISTRIBUTION OF PLASTICS GENERATION AND RECOVERY IN MSW AS DURABLES, NONDURABLES, AND CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING
Table 60 PLASTIC CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING, GENERATION AND RECOVERY
Table 61 GENERATION AND RECOVERY OF PLASTIC IN MSW BY RESIN (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
Table 62 RESIN DISTRIBUTION BY PRODUCT TYPE IN MSW
Table 63 NONDURABLE GOODS DISTRIBUTION BY PRODUCT AND RESIN
Table 64 CONTAINER AND PACKAGING GOODS DISTRIBUTION BY PRODUCT AND RESIN
Table 65 HISTORIC PLASTICS GENERATION AND RECOVERY, 1960 TO 2001 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
Figure 1 DISTRIBUTION OF PVC BY PRODUCT CATEGORY (%)
Figure 2 PS DISTRIBUTION
Figure 3 HDPE DISTRIBUTION
Figure 4 LDPE AND LLDPE DISTRIBUTION (%)
Figure 5 PET DISTRIBUTION IN PRODUCTS (%)
Figure 6 HISTORIC PET AVAILABILITY AND RECYCLING (MILLION LBS.)
Figure 7 HISTORIC MARKET DISTRIBUTION FOR RECYCLED PET, DOMESTIC USE, 1996-2003 (MILLION LBS.)
Figure 8 PP DISTRIBUTION (%)
Figure 9 PLASTICS RECYCLING PATHWAYS
Figure 10 RESINS USED IN WPCS (%)
Figure 11 HISTORIC GENERATION AND RECOVERY OF PLASTICS IN MSW, 1960-2001 (MILLIONS OF POUNDS)
Figure 12 DISTRIBUTION OF PLASTICS GENERATION AND RECOVERY IN MSW AS DURABLES, NONDURABLES, AND CONTAINERS AND PACKAGING (MILLION POUNDS)
Figure 13 TYPES OF PLASTICS IN MSW BY CATEGORY (MILLION POUNDS)
Figure 14 GENERATION AND RECOVERY OF PLASTIC IN MSW BY RESIN (MILLION POUNDS)
Figure 15 HISTORIC PLASTICS GENERATION AND RECOVERY, 1960 TO 2001 (MILLION POUNDS)

廢棄塑膠資源回收市場

Plastics Recycling

Abstract

SCOPE OF STUDY

Table of Contents