[英文調查報告書] 可繼續利用的大量能源資源：全球生物瓦斯發電及地熱發電市場

INTRODUCTION

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

BCC's goal in conducting this study was to determine the technical and market status of geothermal and biogas-fueled bulk power production equipment.

The investigation included developing a rationale for projecting the evolution of the markets for the equipment for the period 2003 through 2008. The study focuses on technologies designed to produce bulk electricity, except in the case of agribusiness animal husbandry, where an aggregate number was often sought.

Geothermal investigations included locations using both hot liquid reservoirs and the emerging market for hot-dry rock. Biogas opportunities included an assessment of the market potential for generation equipment running on gas from landfills, wastewater treatment plants and concentrated animal feeding operations. Forecasts were developed to encompass the total installed capacity on global, national and regional bases, plus individual forecasts for power production technologies such as reciprocating engines, small turbines, microturbines, and fuel cells.

A goal of the research for this report was to investigate, characterize and quantify the impacts of resource location, political forces, government incentives, international mandates, and environmental factors that impede or enhance the markets for the renewable energy technologies considered. The technical status of each of the technologies was also examined to determine whether trends were emerging in the preferences for one technology over another, or whether technological advances were priming one technology to supersede another.

REASONS FOR DOING THIS STUDY

For a number of reasons the renewable energy technologies industry has finally struggled its way into the realm of Big Business. Large wind turbines climbed into the billion dollar a year realm in the mid-1990s, and photovoltaics reached that level in 2000. Small hydro plants¾those with capacities under 10 MW¾have been a billion dollar a year business for more than a decade. Geothermal power plants have become a short-listed option wherever a sufficient resource is present. Power production plants running on landfill gas, wastewater treatment plant biogas, and animal waste gas are now becoming normal components in the municipal and industrial waste sectors. These burgeoning industries are continuing their upward swing, and are being joined by several established and new technologies running on waste gases and gasified biomass.

This study was performed to pinpoint where opportunities for growth are most concentrated for each technology, to quantify their current and future installed capacity and to place a dollar value on those shipments. The study also examines the forces driving the rapid growth of renewables markets, including regulatory and financial incentive schemes that governments, private organizations and international organizations have put into place to foster renewables industries.

One overriding concern is global warming, a nascent catastrophic environmental situation whose existence has finally been admitted by all but the most committed to denial. A second factor is the growing epidemiological evidence that millions of instances of respiratory illnesses and fatalities are caused by emissions from fossil-fueled power plants. The last, tangentially, are the events of September 11, 2001, which revealed once again the dangers of dependence and involvement of oil-addicted western nations with unstable fundamentalist cultures that have access to the world information utility and large amounts of capital.

The expanding market for renewables has now become large enough so that it has begun to impinge on the market share of conventional power generation technologies such as coal- and gas-fired power plants, diesel generators, and large hydropower. Nuclear is dying because of its costs, insoluble waste problem and the terrorism threat.

Solutions that are emerging (microturbines, fuel cells, anaerobic digesters) and maturing (geothermal) are exhibiting signs of becoming large industrial activities. This study was performed to identify and quantify the driving factors, the key players, the technologies, the economics and the market potential of these new industries.

This report was prepared in a manner that compares and contrasts what can be expected as the world begins its shift from power generation based on consumption of limited and polluting resources to power extraction effectively endless and clean sources of energy. This shift is altering the flow of money from established power production industries to what were once called "alternative sources of energy." Answers were sought as to the pace of this shift, its magnitude, where it is happening, and the implications for the fiscal evolution of the energy conversion technologies examined.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY AND FOR WHOM

This study covers the markets for renewable energy technologies that include geothermal power plants and reciprocating engines, fuel cells, turbines, and microturbine technologies that utilize biomass, waste gases from organic sources, and geothermal heat.

The analysis contained in this report was garnered from primary sources (manufacturers and end users), government regulators and researchers, financial reports, printed and electronic news releases, magazine articles, newsletters, news pages, and trade publications. Extensive use was made of existing BCC Research data files and publications and the World Wide Web.

This report and its analysis are of interest to manufacturers of equipment and balance of plant components, project developers, factory farm operators, equipment integrators, anaerobic digester manufacturers, contractors, government regulators, funding and energy agencies, international development banks and agencies, utilities, investment bankers and underwriters, venture capitalists, corporations and municipal governments with waste disposal problems, carbon traders, green power vendors, and national and state clean energy fund administrators.

SCOPE AND FORMAT

The scope of this study encompasses markets for several established bulk power renewable energy technologies. The technologies covered are geothermal power plants, biogas-fueled reciprocating engines, fuel cells, turbines and microturbines, and biomass gasifiers.

BCC analyzes each technology, determines its current market status and readiness for market, examines its impact on future markets, and presents forecasts of market growth to 2008. Attention is devoted to factors such as Green Power programs; green tags/certificates; Social Benefit Funds; Clean Energy Funds; Renewable Portfolio Standards; the U.K. Renewables Obligation; the Kyoto Protocol and the Clean Development Mechanism; the Prototype Carbon Fund; environmental concerns and mandates; zoning issues; and cost comparisons.

BCC analyzes the industry on a worldwide basis, from the perspectives of manufacturing, product and market evolution, government incentive programs, and mandatory purchases. We examine government support programs and legislation and advocacy activities of renewable energy industry organizations in major regions of the world. The impacts of international agreements are explored and quantified where funds are being made available to promote projects in developed, transitioning and developing nations.

The report evaluates the market opportunities for renewables in terms of the regulatory practices of nations, provinces, and states; international agreements, the financial incentives and barriers to uptake of the various technologies, and the capability of a given region to utilize the various technologies.

The suitability of the various technologies for various regions is examined and the various motivations for selection of particular technologies are discussed.

This report is laid out to provide an overview of the world renewable energy bulk power market, provide a viable perspective of size of the market relative to conventional bulk power technologies, and to characterize the fiscal, environmental and political forces shaping the world market for renewables technologies. Separate sections are then provided which delineate the world, regional and national markets for geothermal power production capacity and biogas energy conversion systems.

Specific attention is given to incentive programs, regulatory frameworks, resource characterizations, and market opportunities.

Biogas energy conversion devices that are discussed are reciprocating engines, turbines, microturbines, fuel cells, and anaerobic digesters.

Each technology is considered for its functional aspects, fit to the application, costs, maintenance, market position and prospects, and the manufacturers. Geothermal power plant markets are analyzed with regard to the market potential for capacity uptake.

All markets are examined in terms of the growth or decline of installed capacity and expected revenues within the forecast interval covered in this report (to 2008). Forecasts are provided covering the markets on world, regional and national bases, as well as for individual states and provinces within nations.

METHODOLOGY

BCC analyzes, by each renewable energy power production technology, the capacity shipped in 2002 and expected to be shipped by the year 2008 and in the intervening years. Our estimated value is the market value in 2002 dollars and, where appropriate, in terms of units shipped and capacity installed.

The forecasts that were generated cover world, regional, national and, where appropriate, provincial and state markets.

INTRODUCTION

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
REASONS FOR DOING THIS STUDY
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY AND FOR WHOM
SCOPE AND FORMAT
METHODOLOGY
INFORMATION SOURCES
RELATED BCC WORK
- REPORTS
- OTHER PUBLICATIONS
BCC ON-LINE SERVICES
- INTERNET
AUTHOR'S CREDENTIALS
DISCLAIMER

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

TECHNOLOGIES OF INTEREST

Summary Table: WORLD GEOTHERMAL AND WASTE BIOGAS CAPACITIES AND REVENUE
Summary Figure: WORLD GEOTHERMAL AND WASTE BIOGAS CAPACITIES AND REVENUE

OVERVIEW

THE RENEWABLE ENERGY INDUSTRY
CONVENTIONAL VS. RENEWABLE ENERGY POWER PRODUCTION
ECONOMIC COMPETITIVENESS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
ENVIRONMENTAL SPURS FOR THE RENEWABLES MARKETS
RENEWABLES SHARE OF GLOBAL GENERATING CAPACITY
WORLDWIDE RENEWABLE ENERGY INDUSTRIES STRUCTURE
STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND
- AUSTRALIA RENEWABLES STATUS
  - Residential Systems Registration-An Australian Innovation
- NEW ZEALAND RENEWABLES STATUS
STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN CANADA
STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN EASTERN EUROPE
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT�c.(CONTINUED)
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLES ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN BULGARIA
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLES ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
  - The Czech Republic State Environment Fund
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLES ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN HUNGARY
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLES ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN POLAND
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLES ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN ROMANIA
STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
- THE EUROPEAN UNION RENEWABLE ENERGY DIRECTIVE
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN AUSTRIA
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN BELGIUM
  - Status of the Renewable Energy Equipment�c(Continued)
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN DENMARK
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN FINLAND
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN FRANCE
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN GERMANY
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN GREECE
  - Laws Passed to Promote Renewables Development in Greece
    - Greek law 2773/99
    - Greek law 2364/95
    - Greek law 26013/99
  - Other Incentives
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN IRELAND
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN ITALY
  - Status of the Renewable Energy Equipment Market in Italy (Continued)
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN LUXEMBOURG
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN THE NETHERLANDS
  - Status of the Renewable Energy Equipment Market The Netherlands (Continued)
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN PORTUGAL
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN SPAIN
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN SWEDEN
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN THE U.K.
STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN LATIN AMERICA
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN ARGENTINA
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN BRAZIL
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN CHILE
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN OTHER LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES
STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN THE NEAR EAST
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN INDIA
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN ISRAEL
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN TURKEY
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN NORTH AFRICA
- RENEWABLE ENERGY IN OTHER NEAR EAST COUNTRIES
STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN PACIFIC RIM NATIONS
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN CHINA
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN JAPAN
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN THE PHILIPPINES
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN SOUTH KOREA
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN TAIWAN
STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN SUB SAHARAN AFRICA
STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN SWITZERLAND
STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN THE U.S.
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY THE U.S. (CONTINUED)
- THE IMPORTANCE OF RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARDS
RENEWABLES MARKET IMPLICATIONS OF THE KYOTO PROTOCOL
- RENEWABLES MARKET IMPLICATIONS OF THE KYOTO PROTOCOL
- HOW MUCH RENEWABLE CAPACITY WOULD THE KYOTO PROTOCOL REQUIRE?
- FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM (CDM)
- THE PROTOTYPE CARBON FUND
- KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLES MARKET IN AUSTRALIA/NEW ZEALAND
  - Australia
  - New Zealand
- KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE CANADA RENEWABLES MARKET
  - Federation of Canadian Municipalities (FCM) Green Funds
- KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLES MARKET IN EASTERN EUROPE
  - Kyoto Protocol Impact on the Renewable Energy Equipment Market in Bulgaria
  - Kyoto Protocol Impact on the Renewable Energy Equipment Market in the Czech Republic
  - Kyoto Protocol Impact on the Renewable Energy Equipment Market in Hungary
  - Kyoto Protocol Impact on the Renewable Energy Equipment Market in Poland
  - Kyoto Protocol Impact on the Renewable Energy Equipment Market in Romania
  - Kyoto Protocol Impact on Russia
  - Kyoto Protocol Impact on the Renewable Energy Equipment Market in Ukraine
- KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLES MARKET IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
  - Kyoto Protocol Impact on the Renewable Energy Equipment Market in Austria
  - Kyoto Protocol Impact on the Renewable Energy Equipment Market in Belgium
  - Kyoto Protocol Impact on the Renewable Energy Equipment Market in Denmark
  - Kyoto Protocol Impact on the Renewable Energy Equipment Market in Finland
  - Kyoto Protocol Impact on the Renewable Energy Equipment Market in France
  - Kyoto Protocol Impact on the Renewable Energy Equipment Market in Germany
  - Kyoto Protocol Impact on the Renewable Energy Equipment Market in Greece
  - Kyoto Protocol Impact on the Renewable Energy Equipment Market in Ireland
  - Kyoto Protocol Impact on the Renewable Energy Equipment Market in Italy
  - Kyoto Protocol Impact on the Renewable Energy Equipment Market in Luxembourg
  - Kyoto Protocol Impact on the Renewable Energy Equipment Market in The Netherlands
    - ERUPT-3 Sets a Value on Carbon Credits
  - Kyoto Protocol Impact on the Renewable Energy Equipment Market in Portugal
  - Kyoto Protocol Impact on the Renewable Energy Equipment Market in Spain
  - Kyoto Protocol Impact on the Renewable Energy Equipment Market in Sweden
  - Kyoto Protocol Impact on the Renewable Energy Equipment Market in the U.K.
- KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON RENEWABLES MARKETS IN LATIN AMERICA
  - Argentina: National Agreement to Reduce GHG Pressed by Economic Difficulties
  - Case Study: Panama and The Netherlands Formulate CDM Projects
- KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON RENEWABLES MARKETS IN THE EAST
  - Kyoto Protocol Impact on the Renewable Energy Equipment Market in India
  - Kyoto Protocol Impact on the Renewable Energy Equipment Market in Turkey
- KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKETS IN THE MAGHREB NATIONS OF NORTH AFRICA
- KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKETS IN THE PACIFIC RIM NATIONS
  - Kyoto Protocol Impact on the Renewable Energy Equipment Market in China
  - Kyoto Protocol Impact on the Renewable Energy Equipment Market in Japan
  - Kyoto Protocol Impact on the Renewable Energy Equipment Market in the Philippines
  - Kyoto Protocol Impact on the Renewable Energy Equipment Market in South Korea
  - Kyoto Protocol Impact on the Renewable Energy Equipment Market in Taiwan
  - Kyoto Protocol Impact on the Renewable Energy Equipment Market in the South Pacific
- KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
- KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN THE U.S.
- KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT �c IN THE U.S. (CONTINUED)
- KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT �c IN THE U.S. (CONTINUED)

THE WORLD GEOTHERMAL POWER GENERATION CAPACITY MARKET

GEOTHERMAL POWER PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
- HOT DRY ROCK GEOTHERMAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRESSING
THE ECONOMICS OF GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANTS
- AUSTRALIA/NEW ZEALAND MARKETS FOR GEOTHERMAL POWER PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT
  - Australian Market for Geothermal Power Production Equipment
    - Geodynamics Ltd
  - New Zealand Market for Geothermal Power Production Equipment
    - Incentives to Develop Geothermal Capacity in New Zealand
    - New Zealand Geothermal Capacity Market Forecast
- CANADIAN MARKET FOR GEOTHERMAL POWER PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT
- EASTERN EUROPE MARKET FOR GEOTHERMAL POWER PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT
  - Bulgarian Market for Geothermal Power Production Equipment
    - Forecast for Geothermal Power Production Capacity Development in Bulgaria
  - Croatian Market for Geothermal Power Production Equipment
  - Czech Market for Geothermal Power Production Equipment
  - Hungarian Market for Geothermal Power Production Equipment
    - Hungarian Market For Geothermal Power Production Equipment (Continued)
  - Romanian Market for Geothermal Power Production Equipment
- EUROPEAN UNION MARKET FOR GEOTHERMAL POWER PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT
  - French Geothermal Power Generation Equipment Market
    - French Islands Geothermal Power Generation Equipment Market
      - Guadeloupe Geothermal Capacity Market
      - Martinique Geothermal Capacity Market
      - La Reunion Geothermal Capacity Market
  - German Geothermal Power Generation Equipment Market
  - Italian Geothermal Power Generation Equipment Market
    - Incentives to Develop Geothermal Capacity in Italy
    - Italian Geothermal Capacity Market Forecast
  - Portuguese Geothermal Power Production Equipment Market
    - Azores Islands Geothermal Power Production Equipment Market
- LATIN AMERICAN GEOTHERMAL CAPACITY MARKET
  - Central American Geothermal Capacity Market
    - Central American Geothermal Capacity Market Forecast
      - Costa Rican Geothermal Capacity Market
      - El Salvadorian Geothermal Capacity Market
      - Guatemalan Geothermal Capacity Market
      - Mexican Geothermal Capacity Market
      - Nicaraguan Geothermal Capacity Market
- ICELANDIC GEOTHERMAL CAPACITY MARKET
- NEAR EASTERN GEOTHERMAL CAPACITY MARKET
  - Turkish Geothermal Capacity Market
    - Incentives to Develop Geothermal Capacity in Turkey
    - Turkish Geothermal Capacity Market Forecast
- PACIFIC RIM GEOTHERMAL CAPACITY MARKET
  - Chinese Geothermal Capacity Market
    - Incentives to Develop Geothermal Capacity in China
    - Chinese Geothermal Capacity Market Forecast
  - Japanese Geothermal Capacity Market
    - Incentives to Develop Geothermal Capacity in Japan
    - Japanese Geothermal Capacity Market Forecast
  - The Philippines Geothermal Capacity Market
    - Incentives to Develop Geothermal Capacity in the Philippines
    - Philippines Geothermal Capacity Market Forecast
  - Taiwanese Geothermal Capacity Market
- SOUTH EAST ASIAN GEOTHERMAL CAPACITY MARKET
  - Indonesian Geothermal Power Production Equipment Market
    - Indonesian Geothermal Power Production Equipment Market (Continued)
    - Incentives for the Development of Geothermal Capacity in Indonesia
    - Indonesia's Geothermal Capacity Forecast
- SUB SAHARAN AFRICAN GEOTHERMAL CAPACITY MARKET-ETHIOPIA
- U.S. MARKET FOR GEOTHERMAL CAPACITY
  - U.S. DOE Programs to Foster Geothermal Capacity Expansion
  - U.S. Military Markets for Geothermal Capacity
    - U.S. Military Appropriations Encourage Geothermal Power Production
      - Incentives for the Development of Geothermal Capacity in the U.S.
    - U.S. Federal Incentives for the Development of Geothermal Capacity
    - State-Level Incentives for the Development of Geothermal Capacity
      - Incentives to Develop Geothermal in Montana
      - Incentives to Develop Geothermal in Oregon
      - Incentives to Develop Geothermal in Nevada
  - California's Geothermal Capacity Forecast
  - Hawaii's Geothermal Capacity Forecast
  - Nevada's Geothermal Capacity Forecast
  - New Mexico's Geothermal Capacity Forecast
  - Oregon's Geothermal Capacity Forecast
  - Utah's Geothermal Capacity Forecast
  - U.S. National Geothermal Capacity Forecast
- GEOTHERMAL PROJECT DEVELOPERS
  - Caithness Energy
  - Calenergy Company
  - Calpine
  - CFE
  - Covanta Energy Corporation
  - ERGA
  - ORMAT
  - Unocal
  - Vulcan Power
- GEOTHERMAL ASSOCIATIONS
  - Association for Efficient Environmental Energy Systems (AEEES)
  - Geothermal Association of Imperial County (GAIC)
  - Geothermal Education Office (GEO)
  - Geothermal Energy Association (GEA)
  - Geothermal Resources Council (GRC)
  - Geysers Geothermal Association (GGA)
  - International Geothermal Association (IGA)

BIOGAS ENERGY CONVERSION EQUIPMENT MARKETS

THE WASTE GAS BUSINESS
ORGANIC WASTE GAS POWER PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES
WASTE GAS POWER GENERATOR OPTIONS
WORLD LANDFILL GAS POWER PRODUCTION MARKET
- WORLD LANDFILL GAS POWER PRODUCTION MARKET (CONTINUED)
- WHY LANDFILL GAS POWER PROJECTS ARE WORTH PURSUING TO REDUCE THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT
WORLD LANDFILL GAS POWER PRODUCTION CAPACITY FORECAST
- WORLD LANDFILL GAS ENERGY CONVERSION MARKET BY REGION THROUGH 2008
- LANDFILL GAS ENERGY CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES MARKET FORECAST
  - Landfill Gas Energy Conversion Technologies Market Forecast (Continued)
- AUSTRALIA/NEW ZEALAND LANDFILL GAS POWER PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT MARKET
  - Australian Landfill Gas Power Production Equipment Market
    - Incentives to Develop Landfill Gas Power Production Facilities in Australia
    - Australian Landfill Gas Power Production Capacity Market Forecast
    - Australian Landfill Gas Power Production Companies
      - Novera Energy
      - SCI
  - New Zealand Landfill Gas Power Production Equipment Market
    - Incentives to Develop Landfill Gas Power Production Facilities in New Zealand
    - New Zealand Landfill Gas Power Production Market Forecast
    - New Zealand Landfill Gas Power Production Facilities Developers
      - Montgomery Watson Harza (MWH)
- CANADIAN LANDFILL GAS POWER PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT MARKET
  - Incentives for Landfill Gas Power Production Facilities in Canada
  - Canadian Landfill Gas Power Production Market Forecast
  - City of Edmonton Considering Waste Gasification/Power Generation
  - Canadian Landfill Power Production Facility Developers
    - Enmax
    - EPCOR
    - Maxim Power Corp.
    - Suncor
    - Toromont Energy Ltd.
    - Waste Management Canada
- EASTERN EUROPEAN LANDFILL GAS POWER PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT MARKET
  - Czech Republic Landfill Gas Power Production Capacity Market
    - Incentives for Landfill Gas Power Production Facilities in the Czech Republic
    - Czech Republic Landfill Gas Power Production Capacity Market Forecast
  - Latvia's Landfill Gas Power Production Capacity Opportunity
  - Poland's Landfill Gas Power Production Capacity Market
    - Incentives for Landfill Gas Power Generation Facilities in Poland
    - Poland Landfill Gas Power Generation Capacity Market Forecast
    - Poland's Reciprocating Engine Manufacturer
      - PZL Wola
- EUROPEAN UNION LANDFILL GAS POWER PRODUCTION CAPACITY MARKET
  - Landfill Gas as Green Energy
  - Anaerobic Digestion of Solid Waste: a Growth Market in Europe
  - Factors Driving a 30% Growth Rate for Anaerobic Digestion of Solid Waste in the EU
  - Power Production Forecast for Anaerobic Digester Gas from Solid Waste
  - European Anaerobic Digester Companies
    - Organic Waste Systems NV
  - Austrian Landfill Gas Policies
    - Austria Reciprocating Engine Manufacturer: Jenbacher
      - GE Jenbacher AG
  - Belgium's Landfill Gas Policies
  - Denmark's Landfill Gas Policies
  - Finland's Landfill Gas Policies
  - France's Landfill Gas Policies
  - Germany's Landfill Gas Policies
    - German Reciprocating Engine Manufacturers
      - Deutz AG
    - German Landfill Gas Power Plant Developers
      - Rethmann Entsorgungs AG & Co.
      - RWE Umwelt.
  - Greece's Landfill Gas Policies
  - Ireland's Landfill Gas Policies
  - Italy's Landfill Gas Policies
  - Luxembourg's Landfill Gas Policies
  - The Netherlands' Landfill Gas Policies
    - Netherlands Landfill Gas Energy Development Companies
      - Essent Energi
  - Portugal's Landfill Gas Policies
  - Scotland's Landfill Gas Policies
  - Spain's Landfill Gas Policies
    - Spain Landfill Gas Power Production Project Developers
      - Fomento de Construcciones y Contratas (FCC)
  - Sweden's Landfill Gas Policies
  - Switzerland's Landfill Gas Policies
    - Municipal Initiatives to Encourage Renewables in Switzerland
  - U.K. Landfill Gas Policies
    - U.K. Landfill Gas Power Production Project Developers
      - Biffa Waste Services Ltd.
      - Natural Power
      - Novera Energy
      - Shanks
    - European Union Landfill Gas Power Project Developers
      - Sita Group
      - Vivendi Environnement
- LATIN AMERICA'S LANDFILL GAS POWER PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT MARKET
  - Brazil's Landfill Gas Power Production Capacity Market
    - Structure of the Brazilian Solid Waste Management Industry
      - Sao Paulo Waste Management
    - Possible Brazilian Landfill Gas Power Production Business Model
      - Possible Brazilian Landfill Gas Power Production Business Model (Continued)
  - Chile's Landfill Gas Power Production Capacity Market
    - Aepa
  - Mexican Landfill Gas Power Production Capacity Market
    - World Bank Funded Mexican Landfill Gas Power Production Capacity Opportunity
    - Mexican Landfill Project Opportunities Targeted for Loans by the U.S. ExIm Bank
    - Mexico's Landfill Gas Power Production Equipment Market Forecast
  - Latin America Landfill Gas Power Plant Developers
    - Proactiva-Zone Nord
- FAR AND MIDDLE EAST LANDFILL GAS POWER PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT MARKET
  - India's Landfill Gas Power Production Equipment Market
    - Incentives for Landfill Gas Power Production in India
    - India's Landfill Gas Power Production Equipment Market Forecast
  - Pakistan's Landfill Gas Power Production Equipment Market
    - Pakistan's Landfill Gas Power Production Equipment Market Forecast
- NEAR EAST LANDFILL GAS POWER PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT MARKET
  - Israel's Landfill Gas Power Production Equipment Market
    - Israel's Landfill Gas Power Production Capacity Market Forecast
  - Turkey's Landfill Gas Power Production Equipment Market
    - The Financials of Developing Independent Power Facilities in Turkey
    - Incentives to Develop Landfill Gas Power Production Capacity in Turkey
    - Turkey's Landfill Gas Power Production Capacity Market Forecast
- NORTH AFRICAN LANDFILL GAS POWER PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT MARKET
  - Algeria's Landfill Gas Power Production Opportunity
  - Egypt's Landfill Gas Power Production Equipment Market
- PACIFIC RIM LANDFILL GAS POWER PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT MARKET
  - Chinese Landfill Gas Power Production Equipment Market
    - Incentives for Landfill Gas Power Production in China
    - China's Landfill Gas Power Production Equipment Market Forecast
      - China's Landfill Gas Power Production Equipment Market Forecast (Continued)
  - Japanese Landfill Gas Power Production Equipment Market
    - Incentives for Landfill Gas Power Production in Japan
    - Japanese Landfill Gas Power Production Equipment Market Forecast
  - The Philippines' Landfill Gas Power Production Equipment Market
    - Philippines Cities and Islands Landfill Gas Power Production Opportunities
  - South Korea's Landfill Gas Power Production Equipment Market
    - Incentives for the Development of LFG-Fueled Projects in South Korea
    - South Korea Landfill Gas Power Production Equipment Market Forecast
  - Taiwan's Landfill Gas Power Production Equipment Market
    - Incentives to Develop Landfill Gas Power Production Capacity in Taiwan
    - Taiwan's Landfill Gas Power Production Capacity Market Forecast
- U.S. LANDFILL GAS POWER PRODUCTION MARKET
  - Incentives to Foster Landfill Gas Power Production in the U.S.
  - U.S. Landfill Gas Projects Forecast
  - U.S. Landfill Power Production Technologies and Capacity Forecast
  - U.S. EPA Landfill Gas Utilization Opportunities Web Locator
  - Analysis of Municipal Landfill Gas Energy Conversion Opportunities by State
  - Federal Emergency Management Program (FEMP) Seeks Sewage Gas Project Proposals
    - FEMP Information Contact Information
    - ESPC Contact Information
  - U.S. Landfill Gas Project Developers
    - Acrion Technologies
    - Allied Waste Industries
    - Covanta Energy Corporation
    - Casella Waste Systems
    - DTE Biomass Energy
    - Energy Developments
    - NRG Energy
    - Republic Services
    - SCS Engineers
    - US Energy Systems Inc
    - Waste Management

WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT GAS ENERGY PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT MARKET

THE GLOBAL POTENTIAL FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT POWER PRODUCTION
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT ENERGY CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES
- THE ECONOMIC ARGUMENT FOR WASTEWATER METHANE FUELED POWER PRODUCTION
GLOBAL MARKET FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT GAS POWER PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT
- WORLD WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT ELECTRICAL GENERATION CAPACITY FORECAST
- WORLD WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT ELECTRICAL GENERATION CAPACITY FORECAST BY ENERGY CONVERSION TECHNOLOGY
REGIONAL AND NATIONAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT GAS POWER PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT MARKETS
- AUSTRALIAN WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT GAS POWER PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT MARKET
  - Forecast of Electricity Generation Capacity at Wastewater Treatment Plants in Australia
  - Grants Available in New South Wales for Wastewater Treatment Plant Projects
- CANADIAN WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT GAS POWER PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT MARKET
  - Canadian Wastewater Treatment Plant Power Production Capacity Forecast
    - Opportunities for Wastewater Treatment Plant Power Production in Canada
  - Canadian Wastewater Treatment Plant Companies
    - ADI Systems
    - CH2M Hill Canada
- EASTERN EUROPE WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT GAS POWER PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT MARKETS
  - Environmental Spending Level Requirements and Targets for New Members of the EU
  - Funding Sources: BCC Research
  - Baltic States Wastewater Treatment Plant Gas Power Production Equipment Markets
  - Czech Republic Wastewater Treatment Gas Power Production Equipment Market
    - EU Wastewater Treatment Plant Funds in Hand
    - Czech Republic Wastewater Treatment Plant Power Production Capacity Forecast
    - Floods Lead to Large Spending Plans for Czech Wastewater Treatment Plants
  - Hungarian Wastewater Treatment Plant Gas Power Production Equipment Market
    - Incentives to Develop Wastewater Treatment Plant Power Production Capacity in Hungary
    - Hungarian Wastewater Treatment Plant Power Production Capacity Forecast
  - Poland's Wastewater Treatment Plant Gas Power Production Equipment Market
    - Incentives to Develop Wastewater Treatment Plant Power Production Capacity in Poland
    - Poland's Wastewater Treatment Plant Power Production Capacity Forecast
    - Business Contact for U.S. Companies Wishing To Do Wastewater Facility Business in Poland
  - Russian Wastewater Treatment Plant Gas Power Production Equipment Market
  - Slovak Wastewater Treatment Plant Gas Power Production Equipment Market
    - Slovak Wastewater Treatment Plant Power Production Capacity Forecast
- EUROPEAN UNION WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT GAS POWER PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT MARKETS
  - Forecast for Wastewater Treatment Plant Electricity Production Capacity in the European Union
  - Austrian Wastewater Treatment Plant Gas Power Production Equipment Market
    - ENTECH Environmental Technology Umwelttechnic
  - Belgian Wastewater Treatment Plant Gas Power Production Equipment Market
    - Aquafin NV
  - Danish Wastewater Treatment Plant Gas Power Production Equipment Market
  - Finnish Wastewater Treatment Plant Gas Power Production Equipment Market
  - French Wastewater Treatment Plant Gas Power Production Equipment Market
    - French Wastewater Treatment �c Equipment Market (Continued)
  - German Wastewater Treatment Plant Gas Power Production Equipment Market
    - Incentives for Germany to Convert Sewage Gas into Electricity
    - Forecast for Power Generation Technologies at German Wastewater Treatment Plants
    - Reciprocating Engines
    - Gas Turbines (Single cycle with heat recuperation)
    - Fuel Cells
    - Microturbines
      - Bio-System GmbH
    - The Potential for Gasifiers in the German Wastewater Treatment Plant Gas Power Production Market
  - Greek Wastewater Treatment Plant Gas Power Production Equipment Market
    - Psytallia Island Wastewater Treatment Plant Opportunity
  - Irish Wastewater Treatment Plant Gas Power Production Equipment Market
  - Italian Wastewater Treatment Plant Gas Power Production Equipment Market
    - Malta's Scarcity of Wastewater Treatment Opens an Opportunity
  - Luxembourg Wastewater Treatment Plant Gas Power Production Equipment Market
  - Dutch Wastewater Treatment Plant Gas Power Production Equipment Market
  - Portuguese Wastewater Treatment Plant Gas Power Production Equipment Market
  - Spanish Wastewater Treatment Plant Gas Power Production Equipment Market
    - Spanish Wastewater Treatment �c Equipment Market (Continued)
    - FCC-Dominant Wastewater Treatment Plant Company in Spain
      - FCC
  - Swedish Wastewater Treatment Plant Gas Power Production Equipment Market
  - Swiss Wastewater Treatment Plant Gas Power Production Equipment Market
  - United Kingdom Wastewater Treatment Plant Market
    - Scottish Water Authority Planning Big Sewage Treatment Build-out
    - Scottish and Southern Energy-Green Power Suppliers
    - Forecast for Power Generation Technologies at United Kingdom Wastewater Treatment Plants
    - Reciprocating Engines
    - Gas Turbines (Singlecycle with heat recuperation)
    - Fuel Cells
    - Microturbines
LATIN AMERICA WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT GAS POWER PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT MARKETS
- NEAR EAST WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT GAS POWER PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT MARKET
  - Israeli Wastewater Treatment Plant Power Production Capacity Market
    - Arrow EcologyLtd.-Israel Wastewater Digester Company
  - Lebanese Wastewater Treatment Plant Power Production Equipment Market
  - Turkish Wastewater Treatment Plant Power Production Equipment Market
- PACIFIC RIM WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT GAS POWER PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT MARKETS
  - Chinese Wastewater Treatment Plant Gas Power Production Equipment Market
    - Forecast for Wastewater Treatment Plant Gas Fueled Generation Capacity in China
    - Opportunity for a Wastewater Treatment Plant Project in Shanghai
      - ENVIROASIA Ltd.
  - Japanese Wastewater Treatment Plant Power Production Equipment Market
    - Is There a Trend toward Sewage Aggregation Centers?
    - Forecast for Wastewater Treatment Plant Gas Fueled Generation Capacity in Japan
    - Reciprocating Engines
    - Gas Turbines (Single cycle with heat recuperation)
    - Fuel Cells
    - Microturbines
    - Japan: Active in Wastewater Treatment Plant Fuel Cells
      - Nippon Jogesuido Sekkei Co.
  - South Korean Wastewater Treatment Plant Power Production Equipment Market
    - Contacts for U.S. Firms Wishing to Participate in the South Korean Sewage Treatment Plant Build-Out
    - Quasi-private Environmental Management Corporation (EMC)
    - Forecast for Wastewater Treatment Plant Gas Fueled Generation Capacity in South Korea
      - Forecast for Wastewater Treatment Plant �c in South Korea (Continued)
  - Taiwanese Wastewater Treatment Plant Power Production Equipment Market
- U.S. WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT GAS POWER PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT MARKETS
  - Wastewater Treatment Plant Facilities by State
    - The Best Places in The U.S. to Convert Sewage Gas to Power
      - The Best Places in The U.S. to Convert Sewage Gas to Power (Continued)
      - The Best Places in The U.S. to Convert Sewage Gas to Power (Continued)
  - Forecast for Wastewater Treatment Plant Gas-Fueled Generation Projects in the U.S.
  - Forecast for Wastewater Treatment Plant Gas Fueled Generation Capacity and Technologies in the U.S.
    - Reciprocating (Gas) Engines
    - Gas Turbines (Single cycle with heat recuperation)
    - Fuel Cells
    - Microturbines
  - Federal Emergency Management Program (FEMP) Seeks Sewage Gas Project Proposals
    - Contact Points for FEMP ESPC Project Opportunities
  - Supplemental State Funding for Environmental Projects under EPA Rules
  - Fuel Cell Energy Targets California Wastewater Treatment Plants for Fuel Cells
  - Wastewater Treatment Project Developers
    - Alpha Environmental Technology Ltd.
    - Earth Tech
    - Lemna International
    - Stereau
    - Suez
    - Trigen

AGRIBUSINESS ANIMAL WASTE GAS POWER PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT MARKETS

OVERVIEW
THE DIGESTION PROCESS
THE MAGNITUDE OF THE RESOURCE
ANIMAL WASTE GAS ENERGY CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES
- ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS AS THE GAS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
- THE WORLD LARGE-SCALE AGRICULTURAL DIGESTER MARKET IN 2003
  - Standardized Designs Needed for Anaerobic Digesters
  - Forecast of World Anaerobic Digester-Based Manure Fueled Power Plants
  - Minimal Herd and Flock Manure and Litter Output for 1 MW Generating Capacity
GLOBAL MARKETS FOR ANIMAL WASTE GAS POWER PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT
- WORLD ANIMAL WASTE GAS ELECTRICAL GENERATION CAPACITY FORECAST
- EASTERN EUROPE ANIMAL WASTE GAS POWER PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT MARKET OPPORTUNITIES
  - Eastern European Countries with Factory Farm Activity
- EUROPEAN UNION ANIMAL WASTE GAS POWER PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT MARKETS
  - Distribution of Large Scale Animal Husbandry Operations in the European Union
  - Market Considerations for Manure Methane Power in the EU
  - Forecast for Power Manure Fueled Generation Capacity in the European Union
  - Austrian Animal Waste Gas Power Production Equipment Market
  - Belgian Animal Waste Gas Power Production Equipment Market
  - Danish Animal Waste Gas Power Production Equipment Market
  - Finnish Animal Waste Gas Power Production Equipment Market
  - French Animal Waste Gas Power Production Equipment Market
  - German Animal Waste Gas Power Production Equipment Market
    - Market Considerations for Animal Waste Gas Power Production in Germany
    - Forecast for Reciprocating Engines
  - Irish Animal Waste Gas Power Production Equipment Market
  - Italian Animal Waste Gas Power Production Equipment Market
  - Dutch Animal Waste Gas Power Production Equipment Market
  - Portuguese Animal Waste Gas Power Production Equipment Market
  - Spanish Animal Waste Gas Power Production Equipment Market
  - Swedish Animal Waste Gas Power Production Equipment Market
  - United Kingdom Animal Waste Gas Power Production Equipment Market
- PACIFIC RIM ANIMAL WASTE GAS POWER PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT MARKET
  - Chinese Animal Waste Gas Power Production Equipment Market
  - Poultry Litter Leads the Way
  - Forecast for Power Manure Fueled Generation Capacity in China
  - Japanese Animal Waste Gas Power Production Equipment Market
    - Forecast for Power Manure Fueled Generation Capacity in Japan
- NEW ZEALAND'S ANIMAL WASTE GAS POWER PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT MARKET
- U.S. ANIMAL WASTE GAS POWER PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT MARKET
  - The AgStar Program
    - EPA Regulations 2002
    - Where Are the Animals? Large Population = Market Opportunity
    - The Top 10 CAFO States
    - Total Livestock Populations in All States
    - Other Factors to Consider when Marketing Digester/GensetSystems
  - U.S. Livestock Biogas Power Production Equipment Market Forecast
    - California Animal Waste Gas Power Production Equipment Market Incentives
    - New York Animal Waste Gas Power Production Equipment Market
    - North Carolina Animal Waste Gas Power Production Equipment Market
    - Texas Animal Waste Gas Power Production Equipment Market
      - The Largest Feedlots in Texas
    - Wisconsin Animal Waste Gas Power Production Equipment Market

COMPANY AND ASSOCIATION PROFILES

ANAEROBIC DIGESTER COMPANIES
- ANAEROBICS
- BIOGAS NORD GMBH
- BTA - BIOTECHNISCHE ABFALLVERWERTUNG GMBH & CO KG
- ENVIRONMENTAL POWER CORPORATION
- FARMATIC BIOTECH ENERGY AG
- KOMPOGAS AG
- RESOURCE CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT
CONCENTRATED ANIMAL FEEDLOT OPERATORS
- CACTUS FEEDERS
- CARGILL
- SMITHFIELD FOODS
- TYSON FOODS
LIVESTOCK ASSOCIATIONS
- KANSAS LIVESTOCK ASSOCIATION
- NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION
- NATIONAL PORK BOARD
- NATIONAL PORK PRODUCERS COUNCIL
- TEXAS CATTLE FEEDERS ASSOCIATION
- THE INTERNATIONAL EGG COMMISSION
- U.S. POULTRY & EGG ASSOCIATION
FUEL CELL MANUFACTURERS
- AFCO
- FUELCELL ENERGY
- IHI
- SIEMENS WESTINGHOUSE POWER CORP.
- UTC FUEL CELLS
MICROTURBINE MANUFACTURERS
- ALM MICROTURBINE
- BOWMAN POWER SYSTEMS LIMITED
- CAPSTONE
- ELLIOTT ENERGY SYSTEMS
- INGERSOLL-RAND POWERWORKS
- TURBEC AB
RECIPROCATING ENGINE MANUFACTURERS
- AVS AGGREGATEBAU GMBH
- CATERPILLAR
- CUMMINS
- DRESSER
- FIAT GROUP
- GRUPO GUASCOR
- JENBACHER
- MAN B&W DIESEL AG
- ROLLS-ROYCE PLC
- TESSARI M.D.
- WARTSILA CORPORATION
- WESTPORT INNOVATIONS
SMALL GAS TURBINE MANUFACTURERS
- PRATT & WHITNEY
- ROLLS ROYCE
- SCHELDE HERON
- SOLAR TURBINES
- TURBOMACH SA
- VERICOR POWER SYSTEMS
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ANAEROBIC DIGESTER COMPANIES
- ANAEROBICS, INC.
- BIOGAS NORD GMBH
- BTA - BIOTECHNISCHE ABFALLVERWERTUNG GMBH & CO KG
- ENVIRONMENTAL POWER CORPORATION
- FARMATIC BIOTECH ENERGY AG
- KOMPOGAS AG
- RESOURCE CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT, INC.
CONCENTRATED ANIMAL FEEDLOT OPERATORS
- CACTUS FEEDERS
- CARGILL, INCORPORATED
- SMITHFIELD FOODS, INC.
- TYSON FOODS, INC.
LIVESTOCK ASSOCIATIONS
- KANSAS LIVESTOCK ASSOCIATION
- NATIONAL CATTLEMEN'S BEEF ASSOCIATION
- NATIONAL PORK BOARD
- NATIONAL PORK PRODUCERS COUNCIL
- TEXAS CATTLE FEEDERS ASSOCIATION
- THE INTERNATIONAL EGG COMMISSION
- U.S. POULTRY & EGG ASSOCIATION
FUEL CELL MANUFACTURERS
- AFCO
- FUELCELL ENERGY
- IHI
- SIEMENS WESTINGHOUSE POWER CORP.
- UTC FUEL CELLS
MICROTURBINE MANUFACTURERS
- ALM MICROTURBINE
- BOWMAN POWER SYSTEMS LIMITED
- CAPSTONE
- ELLIOTT ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC.
- INGERSOLL-RAND POWERWORKS
- TURBEC AB
RECIPROCATING ENGINE MANUFACTURERS
- AVS AGGREGATEBAU GMBH
- CATERPILLAR
- CUMMINS, INC.
- DRESSER, INC.
- FIAT GROUP
- GRUPO GUASCOR
- JENBACHER
- MAN B&W DIESEL AG
- ROLLS-ROYCE PLC
- TESSARI M.D.
- WARTSILA CORPORATION
- WESTPORT INNOVATIONS
SMALL GAS TURBINE MANUFACTURERS
- PRATT & WHITNEY
- ROLLS ROYCE
- SCHELDE HERON
- SOLAR TURBINES
- TURBOMACH SA
- VERICOR POWER SYSTEMS

可繼續利用的大量能源資源：全球生物瓦斯發電及地熱發電市場

Renewable Bulk Power Sources: World Markets for Biogas and Geothermal Power Plants

INTRODUCTION