[英文調查報告書] 空氣污染監測及感應器市場

INTRODUCTION

OBJECTIVES OF THE REPORT

This report is intended to give the businessperson involved in purchasing, designing, evaluating, or marketing air monitoring equipment comprehensive information on the current state of the market for this equipment. It also serves as a primary source of information for any businessperson considering entering this market.

This report also provides a summary of current regulations for anyone interested in the status of air pollution abatement.

REASONS FOR DOING THE REPORT

There is a growing concern surrounding the correlation between air quality and quality of life and, as a result, many local, national and global forces are involved in air pollution control in the United States. Air pollution has been linked to a number of health problems, particularly in members of sensitive populations, such as the elderly, the very young and people already suffering from illnesses such as asthma. In addition, there continues to be concern over secondary effects such as crop damage, damage to buildings and global warming.

These issues, coupled with the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 and 1997, represent an opportunity for businesses to profitably participate in the ongoing efforts to clean up the environment. This report is intended to assist in evaluating the air monitoring equipment portion of that market.

Local, state, and federal governments, as well as industry, now use air pollution monitors for a variety of reasons. Monitors are used to demonstrate compliance with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidelines and to obtain state-granted permits for new facilities. Industries use them to locate process leaks and to identify affected areas. In addition, they are used to meet company safety regulations.

THE SCOPE OF THIS REPORT

This report evaluates technology and the market for environmental air pollution monitoring equipment in the United States, services, and supplies related to that equipment, and export of the equipment. The term market covers equipment used for sampling air and measuring the level of pollutants. The following factors are assessed in the evaluation of this market:

current and future status of government regulations
current emission levels
established methods for measurement of pollutants
value of monitoring equipment
projected market needs to 2006

The focus of this report is on national trends in air pollution with local information supplied where appropriate. The value of the market for ambient, continuous emission and point-source (stack) monitors is examined.

Equipment for mobile sources, industrial hygiene, localized environments, and indoor air quality are not included in this study.

METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES

State and federal government agencies and manufacturers of air monitors and samplers have been contacted to determine the impact of new legislation, environmental concerns, and current concern about air pollution on the air monitor market.

Product literature, periodical reviews, government documents, and publications provided additional information. Unless otherwise specified, Business Communications Company, Inc. is the author of all estimates.

All references to dollar values will be for the year that the information was gathered unless otherwise noted. All future projections are given in constant 1998 dollars; historical data is in dollars for that year. Projections are a summation of market forces, technology and regulatory factors.

INTRODUCTION

OBJECTIVES OF THE REPORT
REASONS FOR DOING THE REPORT
THE SCOPE OF THIS REPORT
METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES
RELATED BCC PUBLICATIONS
- REPORTS
- MONTHLY NEWSLETTERS
DISCLAIMER
BCC ON-LINE SERVICES
- INTERNET

SUMMARY

Summary Table:
VALUE OF U.S. AIR MONITORING EQUIPMENT AND SERVICES BY MARKETS, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Summary Figure:
U.S. MARKETS FOR AIR MONITORING EQUIPMENT, 2002 AND 2007 ($ MILLIONS)

OVERVIEW OF AIR POLLUTION AND MONITORING

AIR POLLUTION
- GOVERNING BODIES
- CRITERIA POLLUTANTS

Table 1. THE EFFECTS OF CRITERIA POLLUTANTS ON HUMAN HEALTH
Table 2. U.S. EPA LIST OF AIR TOXICS FOR URBAN AREA PROGRAM
Table 3. AREA SOURCE CATEGORIES OF CONCERN
Table 4. COMMON VOCS GROUPED BY VOLATILITY
Table 5. THE EFFECTS OF VOCs ON HUMAN HEALTH
- AIR POLLUTION MONITORING
  - AIR QUALITY STANDARDS
Table 6. NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS
Table 7. CRITERIA POLLUTANT EMISSION THRESHOLDS (TONS/YEAR)
Table 8. PERCENT DECREASE IN NATIONAL AIR QUALITY CONCENTRATIONS, 1980-1999

CLEAN AIR REGULATIONS

THE CLEAN AIR ACT OF 1970 AND ITS AMENDMENTS
THE CLEAN AIR ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1977
- NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARD FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS (NESHAPs)

Table 9. NESHAPs THAT CONTAIN EMISSION MONITORING PROVISIONS (FEDERAL REGISTER 40 CFR PART 61)
- THE CLEAN AIR ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1990
  - PROVISIONS OF THE CLEAN AIR ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1990 (CAAA 1990)
  - TITLE I (URBAN AIR QUALITY)
Table 10. SUBCLASSIFICATION OF NONATTAINMENT AREAS
Table 11. NONATTAINMENT STATUS CONTROL REQUIREMENTS
Table 12. TOP 20 SOURCES OF TOXIC EMISSIONS OF HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS
Table 13. EPA 7- AND 10-YEAR STANDARD BREAKDOWN OF SOURCE CATEGORIES FOR MACT
Table 14. Nox EMISSION LIMITS
Table 15. EARLY CALL-IN - JULY 27, 1998
Table 16. MAJOR GROUP 46 - OCTOBER 15, 1998
Table 17. GROUP I - APRIL 15, 1999
Table 18. GROUP II - JULY 22, 1999
Table 19. GROUP III - SEPTEMBER 23, 1999
Table 20. MAJOR GROUPS 26, 28 AND 29 - APRIL 20, 2000
- THE CLEAN AIR ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1997
  - CHANGES IN OZONE MONITORING
  - PARTICULATE MATTER (PM2.5)
Table 21. NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS
Table 21. (CONTINUED)
Table 22. PM2.5 PROGRAM MILESTONES AND ACTIONS
Table 23. VISIBILITY GOALS AND MONITORING OBJECTIVES
Table 23. (CONTINUED)

VALUE OF THE AIR POLLUTION CONTROL MARKET

Table 24. U.S. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL MARKET FORPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLION)
- VALUE OF THE AIR POLLUTION CONTROL MARKET (CONTINUED)

MONITORING AIR POLLUTANTS

AMBIENT AIR MONITORING

Table 25. NUMBER OF MONITORS IN THE AMBIENT MONITORING NETWORKS
Figure 1. NUMBER OF MONITORS IN THE AMBIENT NETWORK
Table 26. NONATTAINMENT1, 2 AREAS SUBJECT TO PAMS (AS OF JANUARY 15, 2002)
Table 26. (CONTINUED)
- POINT-SOURCE MONITORING
- NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSION TRENDS
Table 27. NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND SHORT TONS)
Figure 2. NATIONAL TREND IN TOTAL CARBON MONOXIDE EMISSIONS
Figure 3. NATIONAL TREND IN TOTAL LEAD EMISSIONS
Figure 4. NATIONAL TREND IN TOTAL Nox EMISSIONS
Figure 5. NATIONAL TREND IN TOTAL VOC EMISSIONS
Figure 6. NATIONAL TREND IN TOTAL PM10 EMISSIONS
Figure 7. NATIONAL TREND IN TOTAL LEAD EMISSIONS
- 1999 U.S. AIR QUALITY NONATTAINMENT AREAS
  - CARBON MONOXIDE NONATTAINMENT AREAS
Table 28. CARBON MONOXIDE NONATTAINMENT AREAS (AS OF JANUARY 2002)
Table 29. LEAD NONATTAINMENT AREAS (AS OF JANUARY 2002)
Table 30. NO2 NONATTAINMENT AREAS (AS OF JANUARY 2002)
Table 31. OZONE NONATTAINMENT AREAS (AS OF JANUARY 2002)
Table 32. PM10 NONATTAINMENT AREAS (AS OF JANUARY 2002)
Table 33. SO2 NONATTAINMENT STATES (AS OF JANUARY 2002)
Table 34. PERCENT CHANGE IN EMISSION ESTIMATES AND AMBIENT AIR MEASUREMENTS, 1987-1999
- AEROMETRIC INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM (AIRS)
  - AEROMETRIC INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM (AIRS) (CONTINUED)

AIR POLLUTION MONITORING TECHNOLOGY

EPA APPROVED AMBIENT MONITORING METHODS

Table 35. PREDOMINANT TECHNOLOGY IN AMBIENT MONITORING
- EPA APPROVED POINT-SOURCE ANALYTICAL METHODS
- EPA APPROVED AIR TOXIC METHODS
Table 36. OVERVIEW OF METHODS AND APPLICABILITY TO TOXIC ORGANIC COMPOUND DETERMINATION
Table 36. (CONTINUED)
- MONITORING GASEOUS POLLUTANTS
Table 37. INFRARED ABSORPTION FREQUENCIES OF COMMON POLLUTANTS
Table 38. TECHNOLOGIES THAT EXPLOIT GASEOUS POLLUTANT PROPERTIES
Table 39. A COMPARISON OF EXTRACTIVE METHODS
- MONITORING PARTICULATE MATTER
Table 40. PARTICULATE SAMPLE COLLECTION TECHNOLOGIES
- MONITORING VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOCS)
  - MEASUREMENT OF TOTAL ORGANICS IN AIR
  - MEASUREMENT OF SPECIFIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN AIR
  - IDENTIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Table 41. SPECIFIC VERSES NONSPECIFIC DETECTORS
- TECHNOLOGY FOR REMOTE SENSING
  - PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING
  - ACTIVE REMOTE SENSING
Table 42. REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGIES BY POLLUTANT

VALUE OF AIR POLLUTION MONITORING BY TECHNOLOGY

GAS OR SMOKE ANALYSIS APPARATUS (902710)

Table 43. GAS MIXTURES APPLICABLE TO ABSORPTION AND OXIDATION METHODS
Table 44. U.S. GAS OR SMOKE ANALYSIS APPARATUS MARKET FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLION)
- CHROMATOGRAPHS AND ELECTROPHORESIS INSTRUMENTS (902720)
  - CHROMATOGRAPHY
Table 45. U.S. GAS CHROMATOGRAPH MARKET FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 46. U.S. LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPH MARKET FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 47. U.S. ELECTROPHORESIS INSTRUMENT MARKET FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 48. U.S. CHROMATOGRAPHY AND ELECTROPHORESIS INSTRUMENT MARKET FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
- SPECTROMETERS, SPECTROPHOTOMETERS AND SPECTROGRAPHS (902730)
  - FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
  - INDUCTIVE COUPLED PLASMA SPECTROSCOPY
  - ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY
  - NONDISPERSIVE INFRARED SPECTROMETERS
  - NONDISPERSIVE SPECTROSCOPY
  - SPECTROPHOTOMETERS
  - SPECTROGRAPHS
  - ULTRAVIOLET ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY
  - U.S. MARKET FOR SPECTROMETERS IN AIR POLLUTION MONITORING
Table 49. U.S. SPECTROMETER, SPECTROPHOTOMER AND SPECTROGRAPH MARKET FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 8. U.S. SPECTROMETER, SPECTROPHOTOMER AND SPECTROGRAPH MARKET FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, 1999-2007 ($ MILLIONS)
- OTHER INSTRUMENTS AND APPARATUS USING OPTICAL RADIATIONS (902750)
  - THERMAL ANALYSIS INSTRUMENTS
  - PHOTOMETERS
  - CHEMICAL ANALYSIS INSTRUMENTS
  - OTHER INSTRUMENTS
  - U.S. MARKET FOR OTHER INSTRUMENTS USING OPTICAL RADIATIONS
Table 50. U.S. MARKET FOR OTHER INSTRUMENTS USING OPTICAL RADIATIONS, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 9. U.S. MARKET FOR OTHER INSTRUMENTS USING OPTICAL RADIATIONS, 1999-2007 ($ MILLIONS)
- OTHER INSTRUMENTS AND APPARATUS (902780)
  - NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE INSTRUMENTS
  - MASS SPECTROMETRY
  - ELECTROCHEMICAL INSTRUMENTS
Table 51. A PARTIAL LIST OF GASES DETECTED WITH ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS
Table 52. U.S. MARKET FOR OTHER INSTRUMENTS AND APPARATUS, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 10. U.S. MARKET FOR OTHER INSTRUMENTS AND APPARATUS, 1999-2007 ($ MILLIONS)
- PARTS AND ACCESSORIES (902790)
Table 53. U.S. MARKET FOR PARTS AND ACCESSORIES, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
- VALUE OF TECHNOLOGY USED FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING
Table 54. VALUE OF U.S. AIR MONITORING MARKET BY EQUIPMENT TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)

INDUSTRY PLAYERS

AMETEK
GOW-MAC INSTRUMENT CO.
HORIBA INSTRUMENTS INC.
ONIX SYSTEMS INC.
SAES GETTERS
THERMO ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS INC.
ZELLWEGER ANALYTICS, INC.

CHROMATOGRAPHS AND ELECTROPHORESIS INSTRUMENTS
- GAS CHROMATOGRAPHS
- LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHS
- ELECTROPHORESIS INSTRUMENTS
SPECTROMETERS, SPECTROPHOTOMETERS AND SPECTROGRAPHS
- APPLIED INSTRUMENT TECHNOLOGY
- BECKMAN COULTER
- BRUKER DALTONICS INC.
- JEOL USA, INC.
- PERKIN-ELMER, INC.
- SAES GETTERS
- SHIMADZU CORP.
- THERMO ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS INC.
- THERMO NICOLET
- THERMO SPECTRONIC
- VARIAN INC.
OTHER INSTRUMENTS AND APPARATUS USING OPTICAL RADIATIONS
- METTLER-TOLEDO INTERNATIONAL
- SETARAM SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT
- THERMO HAAKE
- WATERS CORP.
OTHER INSTRUMENTS AND APPARATUS
- AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES
- HANNA INSTRUMENTS
- HORIBA INSTRUMENTS INC.
- INNOVATIVE SENSORS
- MDS SCIEX
- THERMO FINNEGAN
- WATERS-MICROMASS
- WTW

AIR POLLUTION MONITORING MARKETS

AMBIENT AIR MONITORING
- AMBIENT AIR MONITORING (CONTINUED)

Table 55. THE AVERAGE LIFE SPAN OF AMBIENT AIR MONITORS
Table 56. THE PROJECTED GROWTH RATE FOR AMBIENT AIR MONITORS
- POINT-SOURCE MONITORING
  - TITLE IV ACID RAIN PROVISIONS
  - ENHANCED MONITORING PROGRAM
  - MONITORING REQUIRED BY THE TITLE III MACT STANDARDS
Table 57. ESTIMATED NUMBER OF FACILITIES IMPACTED BY MACT STANDARDS
- MARKETS FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING EQUIPMENT
- GOVERNMENT AND INDUSTRY MARKETS FOR EQUIPMENT
  - FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
  - STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
  - INDUSTRIAL MARKETS FOR EQUIPMENT
- IMPORT OF EQUIPMENT BY U.S. CONSUMERS
- SERVICES AND SUPPLIES MARKET
  - REPAIR/REPLACEMENT SERVICES
  - CONTRACT MONITORING SERVICES
- EXPORT OF EQUIPMENT BY U.S. MANUFACTURERS

AIR POLLUTION MONITORING MARKET FORCES

REGULATORY INFLUENCES
- REGULATORY POLICY PHILOSPHIES
EMISSIONS TRADING
- CAP AND TRADE
- OFFSET TRADING
- CURRENT MARKET/ALLOWANCE TRADING
- CREATING EMISSIONS CREDITS
- ALLOWANCES
- ALLOWANCE ALLOCATION
- OBTAINING ALLOWANCES
- ALLOWANCE ACCOUNT INFORMATION
- SUBMITTING ALLOWANCES
- DETERMINING COMPLIANCE
- TRADING ALLOWANCES

Figure 11. ALLOWANCES TRANSFERED WITHIN ORGANIZATIONS (76 MILLION ALLOWANCES TRANSFERRED) (%)
Figure 12. ALLOWANCES TRANSFERRED BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONS (57.4 ALLOWANCES TRANSFERRED) (%)
Table 58. SO2 ALLOWANCE PRICES (DOLLARS PER TON)
Figure 13. SO2 ALLOWANCE PRICE TRENDS

VALUE OF AIR POLLUTION MONITORING BY MARKET

VALUE OF GOVERNMENT AND INDUSTRIAL MARKETS
- GOVERNMENT MARKET

Table 59. VALUE OF FEDERAL SPENDING ON AIR MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 60. FEDERAL SPENDING ON AIR MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 61. VALUE OF INDUSTRY SPENDING ON AIR MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 62. VALUE OF INDUSTRY SPENDING ON AIR MONITORING, THROUGH 2007
- VALUE OF SERVICES AND SUPPLIES MARKET
  - SUPPLIES
Table 63. REPLACEMENT CONSUMABLES
Table 64. VALUE OF SUPPLIES FOR AIR MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLION)
Table 65. TYPICAL RENTAL EQUIPMENT COSTS ($)
Table 66. VALUE OF REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE SERVICES FOR AIR MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLION)
Table 67. VALUE OF AIR MONITORING SUPPLIESAND SERVICES, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLION)
- VALUE OF IMPORT MARKET
Table 68. AIR POLLUTION MONITORING EQUIPMENT IMPORTED BY U.S.
Table 69. U.S. IMPORTS OF GAS AND SMOKE ANALYSIS APPARATUS FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 70. U.S. IMPORTS OF CHROMATOGRAPHY AND ELECTROPHORESIS INSTRUMENTS FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLION)
Table 71. U.S. IMPORTS OF SPECTROMETERS, SPECTROPHOTOMETERS AND SPECTROGRAPHS FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLION)
Table 72. U.S. IMPORTS OF OTHER INSTRUMENTS USING OPTICAL RADIATIONS FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLION)
Table 73. U.S. IMPORTS OF OTHER INSTRUMENTS AND APPARATUS FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLION)
Table 74. U.S. IMPORTS OF PARTS AND ACCESSORIES FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLION)
Table 75. VALUE OF EQUIPMENT IMPORTS FOR AIR MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
- VALUE OF EXPORT MARKET
Table 76. AIR POLLUTION MONITORING EQUIPMENT EXPORTED BY U.S. MANUFACTURERS
Table 77. U.S. EXPORT GAS OR SMOKE ANALYSIS APPARATUS, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 78. U.S. EXPORT OF GAS CHROMATOGRAPHS FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLION)
Table 79. U.S. EXPORT OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHS FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLION)
Table 80. EXPORT OF ELECTROPHORESIS INSTRUMENTS FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLION)
Table 81. VALUE OF EXPORT CHROMATOGRAPHS AND ELECTROPHORESIS INSTRUMENTS FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLION)
Table 82. VALUE OF EXPORT SPECTROMETERS, SPECTROPHOTOMETERS AND SPECTROGRAPHS FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 83. VALUE OF EXPORT OTHER INSTRUMENTS AND APPARATUS USING OPTICAL RADIATIONS FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 84. VALUE OF EXPORT OTHER INSTRUMENTS AND APPARATUS FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 85. VALUE OF EXPORT PARTS AND ACCESSORIES FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING INSTRUMENTATION, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 86. VALUE OF AIR MONITORING EQUIPMENT EXPORTS, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)

APPENDIX A: ACRONYMS

APPENDIX A: (CONTINUED)

APPENDIX B: NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS 40 CFR PART 61

APPENDIX C: NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS VALUES FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS

APPENDIX D: STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES, 40 CFR, PART 60

APPENDIX D (CONTINUED)
APPENDIX D (CONTINUED)

APPENDIX E: LIST OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

APPENDIX F: LIST OF TOXIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FROM TITLE I CAAA 1990

APPENDIX F (CONTINUED)

APPENDIX G: INITIAL LIST OF MAJOR STATIONARY SOURCE CATEGORIES OF HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS (FEDERAL REGISTER VOL. 57, NO. 137, 7/16/92 31591)

APPENDIX G (CONTINUED)

APPENDIX H: TECHNOLOGY USED IN AMBIENT METHODS APPROVED BY THE EPA

APPENDIX H (CONTINUED)
APPENDIX H (CONTINUED)

APPENDIX I: SUMMARY OF THE EPA METHODS FOR TOXIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

METHOD TO-1
METHOD TO-2
METHOD TO-3
METHOD TO-41
METHOD TO-51

Table 87. ALDEHYDES AND KETONES FOR WHICH METHOD TO-5 HAS BEEN EVALUATED
- METHOD TO-6
- METHOD TO-7
- METHOD TO-8
- METHOD TO-9A1
- METHOD TO-101
- METHOD TO-11A
- METHOD TO-12
- METHOD TO-13A1
- METHOD TO-142
- METHOD TO-153
- METHOD TO-163
- METHOD TO-173
- NEW COMPENDIUM OF METHODS FOR INORGANICS
  - NEW COMPENDIUM OF METHODS FOR INORGANICS (CONTINUED)

APPENDIX J: EPA METHOD APPLICABILITY TO SPECIFIC TOXIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

APPENDIX J (CONTINUED)
APPENDIX J (CONTINUED)

APPENDIX K: THE AMBIENT AIR MONITORING PROGRAM

APPENDIX K (CONTINUED)
STATE AND LOCAL AIR MONITORING STATIONS

Figure 14. SLAMS NETWORK
- NATIONAL AIR MONITORING STATIONS
Figure 15. NAMS NETWORK
- SPECIAL PURPOSE MONITORING STATIONS
- PHOTOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT MONITORING STATIONS
Figure 16. PAMS NETWORK

APPENDIX L: STATE AND TERRITORIAL AIR POLLUTION PROGRAM ADMINISTRATORS (STAPPA)/ASSOCIATION OF LOCAL AIR POLLUTION CONTROL OFFICIALS (ALAPCO)

ALABAMA
ALASKA
ARIZONA
ARKANSAS
CALIFORNIA
- CALIFORNIA (CONTINUED)
- CALIFORNIA (CONTINUED)
- CALIFORNIA (CONTINUED)
- CALIFORNIA (CONTINUED)
- CALIFORNIA (CONTINUED)
COLORADO
- COLORADO (CONTINUED)
- COLORADO (CONTINUED)
CONNECTICUT
DELAWARE
FLORIDA
- FLORIDA (CONTINUED)
GEORGIA
HAWAII
IDAHO
ILLINOIS
INDIANA
IOWA
KANSAS
KENTUCKY
LOUISIANA
MAINE
MARYLAND
- MARYLAND (CONTINUED)
MASSACHUSETTS
MICHIGAN
MINNESOTA
MISSISSIPPI
MISSOURI
MONTANA
NEBRASKA
NEVADA
NEW HAMPSHIRE
NEW JERSEY
NEW MEXICO
NEW YORK
- NEW YORK (CONTINUED)
NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH DAKOTA
OHIO
- OHIO (CONTINUED)
OKLAHOMA
OREGON
PENNSYLVANIA
RHODE ISLAND
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH DAKOTA
TENNESSEE
TEXAS
UTAH
VERMONT
VIRGINIA
WASHINGTON
WISCONSIN
WYOMING

APPENDIX M: 7-YEAR MACT STANDARDS

Table 88. EPA - CLEAN AIR ACT - TITLE III 7-YEAR MACT STANDARDS STATUTORY DATE - 11/15/97 (42 SOURCE CATEGORIES)
Table 88. (CONTINUED)
- BREAKDOWN OF SOURCE CATEGORIES FOR 7-YEAR STANDARDS
  - GENERIC MACT
  - PESTICIDE ACTIVE INGREDIENT PRODUCTION
  - POLYMERS AND RESINS III
  - PULP AND PAPER

APPENDIX N: 10-YEAR MACT STANDARDS

Table 89. EPA - CLEAN AIR ACT - TITLE III 7-YEAR MACT STANDARDS STATUTORY DATE - 11/15/97 (42 SOURCE CATEGORIES)
- BREAKDOWN OF SOURCE CATEGORIES FOR 10-YEAR STANDARDS

APPENDIX O: BUSINESSES AFFECTED BY NEW PARTICULATE REGULATIONS

Table 90. SUMMARY OF SIC CODES WITH COST TO SALES (REVENUES) PERCENTAGES OF 1% OR GREATER: PM2.5 15 湟/M3 ANNUAL AVERAGE/65 湟/M3 24-HOUR AVERAGE ALTERNATIVE1
Table 90. (CONTINUED)
Table 90. (CONTINUED)
Table 90. (CONTINUED)

LIST OF TABLES

Summary Table:
VALUE OF U.S. AIR MONITORING EQUIPMENT AND SERVICES BY MARKETS, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 1 THE EFFECTS OF CRITERIA POLLUTANTS ON HUMAN HEALTH
Table 2 U.S. EPA LIST OF AIR TOXICS FOR URBAN AREA PROGRAM
Table 3 AREA SOURCE CATEGORIES OF CONCERN
Table 4 COMMON VOCS GROUPED BY VOLATILITY
Table 5 THE EFFECTS OF VOCs ON HUMAN HEALTH
Table 6 NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS
Table 7 CRITERIA POLLUTANT EMISSION THRESHOLDS (TONS/YEAR)
Table 8 PERCENT DECREASE IN NATIONAL AIR QUALITY CONCENTRATIONS, 1980-1999
Table 9 NESHAPs THAT CONTAIN EMISSION MONITORING PROVISIONS (FEDERAL REGISTER 40 CFR PART 61)
Table 10 SUBCLASSIFICATION OF NONATTAINMENT AREAS
Table 11 NONATTAINMENT STATUS CONTROL REQUIREMENTS
Table 12 TOP 20 SOURCES OF TOXIC EMISSIONS OF HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS
Table 13 EPA 7- AND 10-YEAR STANDARD BREAKDOWN OF SOURCE CATEGORIES FOR MACT
Table 14 Nox EMISSION LIMITS
Table 15 EARLY CALL-IN - JULY 27, 1998
Table 16 MAJOR GROUP 46 - OCTOBER 15, 1998
Table 17 GROUP I - APRIL 15, 1999
Table 18 GROUP II - JULY 22, 1999
Table 19 GROUP III - SEPTEMBER 23, 1999
Table 20 MAJOR GROUPS 26, 28 AND 29 - APRIL 20, 2000
Table 21 NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS
Table 22 PM2.5 PROGRAM MILESTONES AND ACTIONS
Table 23 VISIBILITY GOALS AND MONITORING OBJECTIVES
Table 24 U.S. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL MARKET FORPOINT-SOURCE POLLUTION, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLION)
Table 25 NUMBER OF MONITORS IN THE AMBIENT MONITORING NETWORKS
Table 26 NONATTAINMENT1, 2 AREAS SUBJECT TO PAMS (AS OF JANUARY 15, 2002)
Table 27 NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND EMISSIONS TRENDS, THROUGH 2007 (THOUSAND SHORT TONS)
Table 28 CARBON MONOXIDE NONATTAINMENT AREAS (AS OF JANUARY 2002)
Table 29 LEAD NONATTAINMENT AREAS (AS OF JANUARY 2002)
Table 30 NO2 NONATTAINMENT AREAS (AS OF JANUARY 2002)
Table 31 OZONE NONATTAINMENT AREAS (AS OF JANUARY 2002)
Table 32 PM10 NONATTAINMENT AREAS (AS OF JANUARY 2002)
Table 33 SO2 NONATTAINMENT STATES (AS OF JANUARY 2002)
Table 34 PERCENT CHANGE IN EMISSION ESTIMATES AND AMBIENT AIR MEASUREMENTS, 1987-1999
Table 35 PREDOMINANT TECHNOLOGY IN AMBIENT MONITORING
Table 36 OVERVIEW OF METHODS AND APPLICABILITY TO TOXIC ORGANIC COMPOUND DETERMINATION
Table 37 INFRARED ABSORPTION FREQUENCIES OF COMMON POLLUTANTS
Table 38 TECHNOLOGIES THAT EXPLOIT GASEOUS POLLUTANT PROPERTIES
Table 39 A COMPARISON OF EXTRACTIVE METHODS
Table 40 PARTICULATE SAMPLE COLLECTION TECHNOLOGIES
Table 41 SPECIFIC VERSES NONSPECIFIC DETECTORS
Table 42 REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGIES BY POLLUTANT
Table 43 GAS MIXTURES APPLICABLE TO ABSORPTION AND OXIDATION METHODS
Table 44 U.S. GAS OR SMOKE ANALYSIS APPARATUS MARKET FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLION)
Table 45 U.S. GAS CHROMATOGRAPH MARKET FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 46 U.S. LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPH MARKET FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 47 U.S. ELECTROPHORESIS INSTRUMENT MARKET FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 48 U.S. CHROMATOGRAPHY AND ELECTROPHORESIS INSTRUMENT MARKET FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 49 U.S. SPECTROMETER, SPECTROPHOTOMER AND SPECTROGRAPH MARKET FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 50 U.S. MARKET FOR OTHER INSTRUMENTS USING OPTICAL RADIATIONS, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 51 A PARTIAL LIST OF GASES DETECTED WITH ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS
Table 52 U.S. MARKET FOR OTHER INSTRUMENTS AND APPARATUS, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 53 U.S. MARKET FOR PARTS AND ACCESSORIES, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 54 VALUE OF U.S. AIR MONITORING MARKET BY EQUIPMENT TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 55 THE AVERAGE LIFE SPAN OF AMBIENT AIR MONITORS
Table 56 THE PROJECTED GROWTH RATE FOR AMBIENT AIR MONITORS
Table 57 ESTIMATED NUMBER OF FACILITIES IMPACTED BY MACT STANDARDS
Table 58 SO2 ALLOWANCE PRICES (DOLLARS PER TON)
Table 59 VALUE OF FEDERAL SPENDING ON AIR MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 60 FEDERAL SPENDING ON AIR MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 61 VALUE OF INDUSTRY SPENDING ON AIR MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 62 VALUE OF INDUSTRY SPENDING ON AIR MONITORING, THROUGH 2007
Table 63 REPLACEMENT CONSUMABLES
Table 64 VALUE OF SUPPLIES FOR AIR MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLION)
Table 65 TYPICAL RENTAL EQUIPMENT COSTS ($)
Table 66 VALUE OF REPAIR AND MAINTENANCE SERVICES FOR AIR MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLION)
Table 67 VALUE OF AIR MONITORING SUPPLIESAND SERVICES, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLION)
Table 68 AIR POLLUTION MONITORING EQUIPMENT IMPORTED BY U.S.
Table 69 U.S. IMPORTS OF GAS AND SMOKE ANALYSIS APPARATUS FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 70 U.S. IMPORTS OF CHROMATOGRAPHY AND ELECTROPHORESIS INSTRUMENTS FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLION)
Table 71 U.S. IMPORTS OF SPECTROMETERS, SPECTROPHOTOMETERS AND SPECTROGRAPHS FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLION)
Table 72 U.S. IMPORTS OF OTHER INSTRUMENTS USING OPTICAL RADIATIONS FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLION)
Table 73 U.S. IMPORTS OF OTHER INSTRUMENTS AND APPARATUS FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLION)
Table 74 U.S. IMPORTS OF PARTS AND ACCESSORIES FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLION)
Table 75 VALUE OF EQUIPMENT IMPORTS FOR AIR MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 76 AIR POLLUTION MONITORING EQUIPMENT EXPORTED BY U.S. MANUFACTURERS
Table 77 U.S. EXPORT GAS OR SMOKE ANALYSIS APPARATUS, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 78 U.S. EXPORT OF GAS CHROMATOGRAPHS FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLION)
Table 79 U.S. EXPORT OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHS FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLION)
Table 80 EXPORT OF ELECTROPHORESIS INSTRUMENTS FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLION)
Table 81 VALUE OF EXPORT CHROMATOGRAPHS AND ELECTROPHORESIS INSTRUMENTS FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLION)
Table 82 VALUE OF EXPORT SPECTROMETERS, SPECTROPHOTOMETERS AND SPECTROGRAPHS FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 83 VALUE OF EXPORT OTHER INSTRUMENTS AND APPARATUS USING OPTICAL RADIATIONS FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 84 VALUE OF EXPORT OTHER INSTRUMENTS AND APPARATUS FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 85 VALUE OF EXPORT PARTS AND ACCESSORIES FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING INSTRUMENTATION, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 86 VALUE OF AIR MONITORING EQUIPMENT EXPORTS, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Table 87 ALDEHYDES AND KETONES FOR WHICH METHOD TO-5 HAS BEEN EVALUATED
Table 88 EPA - CLEAN AIR ACT - TITLE III 7-YEAR MACT STANDARDS STATUTORY DATE - 11/15/97 (42 SOURCE CATEGORIES)
Table 89 EPA - CLEAN AIR ACT - TITLE III 7-YEAR MACT STANDARDS STATUTORY DATE - 11/15/97 (42 SOURCE CATEGORIES)
Table 90 SUMMARY OF SIC CODES WITH COST TO SALES (REVENUES) PERCENTAGES OF 1% OR GREATER: PM2.5 15 湟/M3 ANNUAL AVERAGE/65 湟/M3 24-HOUR AVERAGE ALTERNATIVE1

LIST OF FIGURES

Summary Figure:
U.S. MARKETS FOR AIR MONITORING EQUIPMENT, 2002 AND 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 1 NUMBER OF MONITORS IN THE AMBIENT NETWORK
Figure 2 NATIONAL TREND IN TOTAL CARBON MONOXIDE EMISSIONS
Figure 3 NATIONAL TREND IN TOTAL LEAD EMISSIONS
Figure 4 NATIONAL TREND IN TOTAL Nox EMISSIONS
Figure 5 NATIONAL TREND IN TOTAL VOC EMISSIONS
Figure 6 NATIONAL TREND IN TOTAL PM10 EMISSIONS
Figure 7 NATIONAL TREND IN TOTAL LEAD EMISSIONS
Figure 8 U.S. SPECTROMETER, SPECTROPHOTOMER AND SPECTROGRAPH MARKET FOR AIR POLLUTION MONITORING, 1999-2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 9 U.S. MARKET FOR OTHER INSTRUMENTS USING OPTICAL RADIATIONS, 1999-2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 10 U.S. MARKET FOR OTHER INSTRUMENTS AND APPARATUS, 1999-2007 ($ MILLIONS)
Figure 11 ALLOWANCES TRANSFERED WITHIN ORGANIZATIONS (76 MILLION ALLOWANCES TRANSFERRED) (%)
Figure 12 ALLOWANCES TRANSFERRED BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONS (57.4 ALLOWANCES TRANSFERRED) (%)
Figure 13 SO2 ALLOWANCE PRICE TRENDS
Figure 14 SLAMS NETWORK
Figure 15 NAMS NETWORK
Figure 16 PAMS NETWORK

空氣污染監測及感應器市場

Air Pollution and the Market for Monitors and Sensors

INTRODUCTION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES