[英文調查報告書] 可再生的大規模電力資源：全球大規模風力發電市場

INTRODUCTION

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

BCC's goal in conducting this series of reports on markets for renewable energy technologies was to determine the technical, infrastructure, and market status of the world renewable energy production equipment industry and to assess the market growth potentials over a five-year period from 2002 to 2007. This timely report focuses on world markets, technologies, regulations, legislation, incentives, carbon funds, and forecasts for utility-scale wind turbines.

A chief goal of this study was to characterize and quantify the world markets for large wind turbines on global, national, and local bases. Extensive efforts were expended to fully characterize the political, economic, environmental, and regulatory conditions at each level of geographic detail, including consideration of both onshore and offshore applications. These influential factors were taken into account when developing 5-year forecasts for the evolving large wind turbine markets.

The business environment for large wind turbines is fully characterized to include local and national legislation and financial incentives, the pertinent regulatory regimes, and the environmental factors that are influencing a sustaining surge in interest and investment in renewables.

The renewables industry is not evolving in a vacuum. This study considers the market position of conventional large power plants, i.e., coal, combined cycle gas turbines, large hydro and nuclear, in the context of the world market for bulk power. This exercise was performed in order to contrast the forecast for large wind turbine market growth with the cost of power and the expected capacity growth for other bulk power sources, both renewable and conventional.

Finally, this study was executed to examine the market impacts and financial implications of environmentally driven political actions such as the Kyoto Protocol and the Clean Air Act.

REASONS FOR DOING THIS STUDY

For whatever reasons ¾ and there are many ¾ the renewable energy technologies industry has finally struggled its way into the realm of Big Business. Large wind turbines climbed into the $1 billion a year realm in the mid-1990s and surpassed $6 billion in 2001. The photovoltaics (PV) market reached $1 billion annually in 2000.

These two premier renewable technologies are being joined by several established technologies running on biomass gasifiers and waste gases, run of the river potential energy, geothermal energy and ocean energy conversion (OEC) technologies.

Several of these applications are demonstrating dramatic growth patterns. This BCC series was designed to pinpoint where those growth scenarios are most concentrated and which technologies they involve, to quantify their current and future shipments of equipment and to place a dollar value on those shipments.

The focuse of this report is Large Wind Turbines. This report examines the forces driving the rapid growth of renewables markets, including regulatory and financial incentive schemes that governments, private organizations and international organizations have put into place to foster renewables industries. The impact the Kyoto Protocol is having on market development is examined from the viewpoint of political decisions and the growth in renewables funding in order to reduce the level of greenhouse gas emissions.

The quickly expanding market for renewables has now become large enough so that it has begun to impinge on the market share of conventional power generation technologies such as coal and gas fueled power plants, standalone diesel powered generators, and large hydropower. This report quantifies the pace of penetration of Large Wind Turbine power production capacity into the global market for bulk power.

This report was prepared in a manner that compares and contrasts what can be expected as the world begins its shift from power generation based on consumption of limited and polluting resources to power extraction from seemingly endless and clean sources of energy. This shift is altering the flow of money from established power production industries to alternative sources of energy. Answers were sought as to the pace of this shift, its magnitude, and the implications for the fiscal evolution of the Large Wind Turbine industry and its players.

CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY AND FOR WHOM

This study covers the world markets for large wind turbines. We present the industry economic status; technological descriptions and issues; political implications; environmental influences; market factors and potential; and project shipments of units, capacities and dollar values from 2002 to 2007. We quantify the market development on global, regional, national, state and provincial bases in the time frame covered by the report.

This study is of interest to equipment manufacturers, project developers, equipment integrators, distributors, contractors, government regulators, government funding and energy agencies, international development banks and agencies, investment bankers and underwriters, national and state clean energy fund administrators, green power marketers, component manufacturers, engineering firms, utilities, cooperatives, insurance underwriters, and energy services companies.

INTRODUCTION

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
REASONS FOR DOING THIS STUDY
CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE STUDY AND FOR WHOM
SCOPE AND FORMAT
METHODOLOGY
INFORMATION SOURCES
RELATED BCC WORK
AUTHOR'S CREDENTIALS
BCC ON-LINE SERVICES
- INTERNET

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

THE SCALE OF INVESTMENTS IN LARGE WIND
THE WORLD MARKET FOR LARGE WIND TURBINES
Summary Table:
GLOBAL LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Summary Figure:
GLOBAL LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, 2001-2007 ($ BILLIONS)

INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

CONVENTIONAL VS. RENEWABLE ENERGY POWER PRODUCTION

Table 1. WORLD BULK POWER PRODUCTION CAPACITY (ALL SOURCES), THROUGH 2007
Table 2. GLOBAL GENERATING CAPACITY SHARE, 2001 (%)
Figure 1. GLOBAL GENERATING CAPACITY SHARE, 2001
- CONVENTIONAL VS. RENEWABLE �E(CONTINUED)
  - THE ECONOMIC COMPETITIVENESS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
Table 3. AVERAGE COST OF ELECTRICITY FROM CONVENTIONAL AND RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2007 ($/KWH)
Table 3. (CONTINUED)
ENVIRONMENTAL SPURS FOR THE RENEWABLES MARKETS
Table 4. GLOBAL RENEWABLES GENERATING CAPACITY, 2001 (GW)

WORLDWIDE RENEWABLE ENERGY INDUSTRIES STRUCTURE

STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND
- AUSTRALIA RENEWABLES STATUS
- NEW ZEALAND RENEWABLES STATUS
STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN EASTERN EUROPE
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLES ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN BULGARIA
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLES ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLES ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN HUNGARY
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLES ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN POLAND

Table 5. RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION CAPACITY GROWTH IN POLAND AS A RESULT OF THE RENEWABLES PORTFOLIO STANDARD, THROUGH 2007
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
  - THE EUROPEAN UNION RENEWABLE ENERGY DIRECTIVE
  - STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN AUSTRIA
Table 6. RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION CAPACITY GROWTH IN AUSTRIA AS A RESULT OF THE RENEWABLES PORTFOLIO STANDARD, THROUGH 2007
Table 7. RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION CAPACITY GROWTH IN ITALY, THROUGH 2007
Table 8. RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION CAPACITY GROWTH IN THE U.K. AS A RESULT OF THE RENEWABLES OBLIGATION, THROUGH 2010
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN LATIN AMERICA
  - STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN ARGENTINA
  - STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN BRAZIL
  - STATUS OF �EMARKET IN BRAZIL (CONTINUED)
  - STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN CHILE
  - STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN OTHER LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN THE NEAR EAST
  - STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN INDIA
Table 9. RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION CAPACITY GROWTH IN INDIA, THROUGH 2010
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN PACIFIC RIM NATIONS
  - STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN CHINA
Table 10. RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION CAPACITY GROWTH IN CHINA, THROUGH 2007
Table 11. RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION CAPACITY GROWTH IN JAPAN THROUGH 2007
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN SUB SAHARAN AFRICA
- STATUS OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN THE U.S.
Table 12. RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION CAPACITY GROWTH IN THE UNITED STATES, THROUGH 2007
Table 13. RPS CAPACITY ADDITIONS BY STATE

RENEWABLES MARKET IMPLICATIONS OF THE KYOTO PROTOCOL

HOW MUCH RENEWABLE CAPACITY WOULD THE KYOTO PROTOCOL REQUIRE?

Table 14. CARBON OFFSETS POTENTIAL FROM BULK POWER RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES, 2002
- FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM (CDM)
- THE PROTOTYPE CARBON FUND
- KYOTO IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLES MARKET IN AUSTRALIA/NEW ZEALAND
  - KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN AUSTRALIA
  - KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN NEW ZEALAND
- KYOTO IMPACT ON THE CANADA RENEWABLES MARKET
- KYOTO IMACT ON THE RENEWABLES MARKET IN EASTERN EUROPE
  - KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN BULGARIA
  - KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
  - KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN HUNGARY
  - KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN POLAND
  - KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN ROMANIA
  - KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON RUSSIA
  - KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN UKRAINE
- KYOTO IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLES MARKET IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
  - KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN AUSTRIA
  - KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN BELGIUM
  - KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN DENMARK
  - KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN FINLAND
  - KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN FRANCE
  - KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN GERMANY
  - KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN GREECE
  - KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN IRELAND
  - KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN ITALY
  - KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN LUXEMBOURG
  - KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN NETHERLANDS
  - KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN PORTUGAL
  - KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN SPAIN
  - KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN SWEDEN
  - KYOTO PROTOCOL IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET UK
- KYOTO IMPACT ON RENEWABLES MARKETS IN LATIN AMERICA
  - CASE STUDY: PANAMA AND THE NETHERLANDS FORMULATE CDM PROJECTS
- KYOTO IMPACT ON RENEWABLES MARKETS IN THE NEAR EAST
  - KYOTO IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN INDIA
  - KYOTO IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN TURKEY
- KYOTO IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKETS IN THE MAGHREB NATIONS OF NORTH AFRICA
- KYOTO IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKETS IN THE PACIFIC RIM NATIONS
  - KYOTO IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN CHINA
  - KYOTO IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN JAPAN
  - KYOTO IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN THE PHILIPPINES
  - KYOTO IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN SOUTH KOREA
  - KYOTO IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN TAIWAN
- KYOTO IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLES MARKET IN ISLAND NATIONS OF THE SOUTH PACIFIC
- KYOTO IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLES MARKET IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
- KYOTO IMPACT ON THE RENEWABLE ENERGY EQUIPMENT MARKET IN THE UNITED STATES
  - KYOTO IMPACT... THE UNITED STATES (CONTINUED)
  - KYOTO IMPACT... THE UNITED STATES (CONTINUED)
  - KYOTO IMPACT... THE UNITED STATES (CONTINUED)

THE WORLDWIDE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET

LARGE WIND TURBINE TECHNOLOGIES
LARGE WIND TURBINE TOWERS
LARGE WIND TURBINE BLADES
LARGE WIND TURBINE NACELLES
LARGE WIND TURBINE ENERGY CONVERSION EQUIPMENT
LARGE WIND TURBINE CONTROL EQUIPMENT
LARGE WIND TURBINE GENERATORS
CLIMATE PACKAGES FOR WIND TURBINES
A SHORT HISTORY OF THE LARGE WIND TURBINE INDUSTRY

THE ECONOMICS OF LARGE WIND TURBINES
- THE ECONOMICS OF COMPETING WITH CONVENTIONAL POWER PLANTS
OFFSHORE WIND FARMS - THE NEXT FRONTIER
- WHY MAKE THEM SO LARGE?
- THE POTENTIAL SIZE OF THE OFFSHORE WIND TURBINE MARKET
- WHY ARE THERE SO MANY FINGERS IN THE OFFSHORE REGULATORY PIE?
WORLD MARKET FORECAST FOR LARGE WIND TURBINES

Table 15. GLOBAL LARGE WIND TURBINE CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Figure 2. WORLD DISTRIBUTION OF LARGE WIND CAPACITY, 2001
Table 16. LARGE WIND SHARE OF WORLD BULK POWER PRODUCTION CAPACITY (ALL SOURCES), THROUGH 2007
Table 17. WORLD OFFSHORE WIND TURBINE CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 18. WORLD LARGE WIND TURBINE CAPACITY MARKET ONSHORE AND OFFSHORE, THROUGH 2007
- AUSTRALIA/NEW ZEALAND LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKETS
  - AUSTRALIA LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET
Table 19. AUSTRALIA LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 20. NEW ZEALAND LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
- CANADA LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET
  - INCENTIVES TO FOSTER WIND DEVELOPMENT IN CANADA
Table 21. CANADA LARGE WIND TURBINE OUTPUT INCENTIVE THROUGH 2007
Table 22. CANADA LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
- CARIBBEAN BASIN LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET
  - OFTEN, MONEY IS SCARCE IN PARADISE
  - THE CURACAO WIND FARMS
  - THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC COULD BE NEXT, BUT NOT IMMEDIATELY
  - CARIBBEAN LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET FORECAST
Table 23. CARIBBEAN LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
- EASTERN EUROPE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET
Table 24. CZECH REPUBLIC LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 25. HUNGARY LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 26. NORWAY LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 27. POLAND LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
- EUROPEAN UNION LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET
  - THE STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF FUEL SAVING
  - EUROPEAN UNION LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET FORECAST AND ANALYSIS
Table 28. HISTORIC EUROPEAN UNION LARGE WIND TURBINE CAPACITY, THROUGH 2001
Table 29. EUROPEAN UNION ONSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 29. (CONTINUED)
Table 30. EUROPEAN UNION OFFSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 31. AUSTRIA LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 32. BELGIUM ONSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 33. BELGIUM OFFSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET THROUGH 2007
Table 34. DENMARK ONSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 35. DENMARK OFFSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 36. FINLAND LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 37. FRANCE ONSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 38. FRANCE OFFSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 39. GERMANY ONSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 40. GERMANY OFFSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 41. GREECE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 42. IRELAND ONSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 43. IRELAND OFFSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 44. ITALY LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 45. LUXEMBOURG LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 46. NETHERLANDS ONSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 47. NETHERLANDS OFFSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 48. PORTUGAL LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 49. SPAIN ONSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 50. SPAIN OFFSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 51. SWEDEN ONSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 52. SWEDEN OFFSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 53. UNITED KINGDOM ONSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 54. UNITED KINGDOM OFFSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 55. SCOTLAND ONSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 56. SCOTLAND OFFSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
- LATIN AMERICA LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET
  - LATIN AMERICA LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET BY NATION
Table 57. BRAZIL FEED-IN TARIFF UNDER THE PROEOLICA PROGRAM, 2002
Table 58. BRAZIL ONSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 59. BRAZIL OFFSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 60. MEXICO LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
- NEAR EAST LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET
  - INDIA LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET
Table 61. INDIA LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 61. (CONTINUED)
Table 62. TURKEY LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
- NORTH AFRICA LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET
  - EGYPT LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET
Table 63. EGYPT LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
- PACIFIC RIM LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET
  - PACIFIC RIM LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET BY NATION
Table 64. CHINA LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 65. JAPAN LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 66. TAIWAN LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
- SUB SAHARAN AFRICA LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET
- UNITED STATES LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET
  - TRANSMISSION BOTTLENECK IN THE MIDWEST
  - COULD A GE WIND TURBINE PATENT BE A DRAG ON THE OFFSHORE INDUSTRY?
  - INCENTIVES TO FOSTER WIND DEVELOPMENT IN THE UNITED STATES
  - OFFSHORE PERMITTING - THE GREAT QUEST
  - THE IMPACT OF 9-11 ON VIEWS OF NATIONAL ENERGY SECURITY
  - GREEN POWER - THE NEXT BIG DRIVER?
  - UNITED STATES LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET FORECAST - ONSHORE AND OFFSHORE
Table 67. UNITED STATES LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 67. (CONTINUED)
Table 68. PROJECT OWNERS WITH LETTERS OF INTENT WITH THE CALIFORNIA POWER AUTHORITY, 2002
Table 69. CALIFORNIA LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 70. COLORADO LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 71. CONNECTICUT RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARD, 2000-2009
Table 72. CONNECTICUT LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 73. HAWAII LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 74. ILLINOIS RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARD CAPACITY GOALS, 2003-2010
Table 75. ILLINOIS LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 76. IOWA LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 77 KANSAS LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 78. MASSACHUSETTS RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARD CAPACITY GOALS, 2003-2010
Table 79. MASSACHUSETTS LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 80. MICHIGAN LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 81 MINNESOTA LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 82 MONTANA LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 83 NEBRASKA LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 84. NEVADA LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 85. NEW JERSEY RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARD CAPACITY REQUIREMENTS, 2001-2010
Table 86. NEW JERSEY OFFSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 87. NEW MEXICO LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 88. UPSTATE NEW YORK ONSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET THROUGH 2007
Table 89. UPSTATE NEW YORK OFFSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 90. LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK OFFSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 91. LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK ONSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 92. NEW YORK AGGREGATE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 93. NORTH DAKOTA LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 94. OHIO LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 95. OKLAHOMA LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 96. OREGON LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 97. PENNSYLVANIA RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARD CAPACITY REQUIREMENTS, 2002-2007
Table 98. PENNSYLVANIA LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 99. SOUTH DAKOTA LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 100. TENNESSEE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 101. TEXAS ONSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 102. VERMONT LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 103. WASHINGTON LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 104. WEST VIRGINIA LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 105. WISCONSIN RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARD CAPACITY REQUIREMENTS, 2001-2010
Table 106. WISCONSIN LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
- LARGE WIND TURBINE MANUFACTURERS
  - WORLD WIND TURBINE MARKETSHARE BY MANUFACTURER
Figure 3. WIND TURBINE MANUFACTURERS WORLD MARKET SHARE, 2001

APPENDIX A: NEW YORK EXECUTIVE ORDER 111

APPENDIX B: WISCONSIN MUNICIPALITY LAW HOME RULE STATUTE 66-031

APPENDIX C: WISCONSIN MUNICIPALITY LAW HOME RULE STATUTE 66-032

LIST OF TABLES

Summary Table:
GLOBAL LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 1 WORLD BULK POWER PRODUCTION CAPACITY (ALL SOURCES), THROUGH 2007
Table 2 GLOBAL GENERATING CAPACITY SHARE, 2001 (%)
Table 3 AVERAGE COST OF ELECTRICITY FROM CONVENTIONAL AND RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES, THROUGH 2007 ($/KWH)
Table 4 GLOBAL RENEWABLES GENERATING CAPACITY, 2001 (GW)
Table 5 RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION CAPACITY GROWTH IN POLAND AS A RESULT OF THE RENEWABLES PORTFOLIO STANDARD, THROUGH 2007
Table 6 RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION CAPACITY GROWTH IN AUSTRIA AS A RESULT OF THE RENEWABLES PORTFOLIO STANDARD, THROUGH 2007
Table 7 RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION CAPACITY GROWTH IN ITALY, THROUGH 2007
Table 8 RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION CAPACITY GROWTH IN THE U.K. AS A RESULT OF THE RENEWABLES OBLIGATION, THROUGH 2010
Table 9 RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION CAPACITY GROWTH IN INDIA, THROUGH 2010
Table 10 RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION CAPACITY GROWTH IN CHINA, THROUGH 2007
Table 11 RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION CAPACITY GROWTH IN JAPAN THROUGH 2007
Table 12 RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION CAPACITY GROWTH IN THE UNITED STATES, THROUGH 2007
Table 13 RPS CAPACITY ADDITIONS BY STATE
Table 14 CARBON OFFSETS POTENTIAL FROM BULK POWER RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES, 2002
Table 15 GLOBAL LARGE WIND TURBINE CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 16 LARGE WIND SHARE OF WORLD BULK POWER PRODUCTION CAPACITY (ALL SOURCES), THROUGH 2007
Table 17 WORLD OFFSHORE WIND TURBINE CAPACITY MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 18 WORLD LARGE WIND TURBINE CAPACITY MARKET ONSHORE AND OFFSHORE, THROUGH 2007
Table 19 AUSTRALIA LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 20 NEW ZEALAND LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 21 CANADA LARGE WIND TURBINE OUTPUT INCENTIVE THROUGH 2007
Table 22 CANADA LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 23 CARIBBEAN LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 24 CZECH REPUBLIC LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 25 HUNGARY LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 26 NORWAY LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 27 POLAND LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 28 HISTORIC EUROPEAN UNION LARGE WIND TURBINE CAPACITY, THROUGH 2001
Table 29 EUROPEAN UNION ONSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 30 EUROPEAN UNION OFFSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 31 AUSTRIA LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 32 BELGIUM ONSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 33 BELGIUM OFFSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET THROUGH 2007
Table 34 DENMARK ONSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 35 DENMARK OFFSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 36 FINLAND LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 37 FRANCE ONSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 38 FRANCE OFFSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 39 GERMANY ONSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 40 GERMANY OFFSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 41 GREECE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 42 IRELAND ONSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 43 IRELAND OFFSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 44 ITALY LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 45 LUXEMBOURG LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 46 NETHERLANDS ONSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 47 NETHERLANDS OFFSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 48 PORTUGAL LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 49 SPAIN ONSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 50 SPAIN OFFSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 51 SWEDEN ONSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 52 SWEDEN OFFSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 53 UNITED KINGDOM ONSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 54 UNITED KINGDOM OFFSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 55 SCOTLAND ONSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 56 SCOTLAND OFFSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 57 BRAZIL FEED-IN TARIFF UNDER THE PROEOLICA PROGRAM, 2002
Table 58 BRAZIL ONSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 59 BRAZIL OFFSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 60 MEXICO LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 61 INDIA LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 62 TURKEY LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 63 EGYPT LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 64 CHINA LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 65 JAPAN LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 66 TAIWAN LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 67 UNITED STATES LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 68 PROJECT OWNERS WITH LETTERS OF INTENT WITH THE CALIFORNIA POWER AUTHORITY, 2002
Table 69 CALIFORNIA LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 70 COLORADO LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 71 CONNECTICUT RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARD, 2000-2009
Table 72 CONNECTICUT LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 73 HAWAII LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 74 ILLINOIS RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARD CAPACITY GOALS, 2003-2010
Table 75 ILLINOIS LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 76 IOWA LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 77 KANSAS LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 78 MASSACHUSETTS RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARD CAPACITY GOALS, 2003-2010
Table 79 MASSACHUSETTS LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 80 MICHIGAN LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 81 MINNESOTA LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 82 MONTANA LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 83 NEBRASKA LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 84 NEVADA LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 85 NEW JERSEY RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARD CAPACITY REQUIREMENTS, 2001-2010
Table 86 NEW JERSEY OFFSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 87 NEW MEXICO LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 88 UPSTATE NEW YORK ONSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET THROUGH 2007
Table 89 UPSTATE NEW YORK OFFSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 90 LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK OFFSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 91 LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK ONSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 92 NEW YORK AGGREGATE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 93 NORTH DAKOTA LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 94 OHIO LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 95 OKLAHOMA LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 96 OREGON LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 97 PENNSYLVANIA RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARD CAPACITY REQUIREMENTS, 2002-2007
Table 98 PENNSYLVANIA LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 99 SOUTH DAKOTA LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 100 TENNESSEE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 101 TEXAS ONSHORE LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 102 VERMONT LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 103 WASHINGTON LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 104 WEST VIRGINIA LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007
Table 105 WISCONSIN RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARD CAPACITY REQUIREMENTS, 2001-2010
Table 106 WISCONSIN LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, THROUGH 2007

LIST OF FIGURES

Summary Figure:
GLOBAL LARGE WIND TURBINE MARKET, 2001-2007 ($ BILLIONS)
Figure 1 GLOBAL GENERATING CAPACITY SHARE, 2001
Figure 2 WORLD DISTRIBUTION OF LARGE WIND CAPACITY, 2001
Figure 3 WI

可再生的大規模電力資源：全球大規模風力發電市場

Renewable Bulk Power Sources: World Markets for Large Wind Turbines

INTRODUCTION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES

LIST OF FIGURES