美國專業水處理劑市場分析

INTRODUCTION

STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES

This study attempts to illustrate the complexity of U.S. specialty chemicals used in the water treatment industry and the dynamic nature of this market. This study will address the influence of government regulations, current technology and the economic factors that shape this marketplace. It also provides the facts, figures and statistics required to evaluate stable aspects of the market, as well as the current trends and future projections of the industry.

REASON FOR DOING THE STUDY

Water treatment has changed considerably in the last 50 years, and new advances and developments continue to shape the market. As the human population continues to grow exponentially, the need for clean water will grow with it. And as the population grows, providing clean water will become an increasingly difficult problem. So, although the water treatment chemicals industry is considered to be a mature market, it is also one that needs to adapt and expand and it will increase in importance as the availability of water decreases. When one considers the rapidly expanding populations in Africa, South America, and Asia, as well as the pollutants plaguing the former Eastern block in Europe, knowledge of potential remedies for contaminated water sources becomes increasingly important. Knowing how to solve these problems could also prove to be very valuable to the savvy investor.

This revised BCC technical/marketing study provides an in-depth analysis that forecasts and tracks significant changes in the specialty chemicals used in the water treatment industry. This industry is ever changing as chemicals come in or go out of favor, when there is a change in government regulation, or even mechanical changes that require a response by the chemical industry. The risks and rewards involved in these changes determine the difference between success and failure of the individual chemicals used in this industry and additionally influence the development of new chemical treatments.

CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY AND FOR WHOM

This study aims to provide those interested in investment, acquisition or expansion in the water treatment industry with the detailed information necessary to make informed decisions.

This report consolidates a range of legislative, industrial, and technical information into a comprehensive study. This study should aid personnel in the research and development of water treatment chemicals, the suppliers of these chemicals, and people interested in discovering and exploiting current or projected market sub-niches. In addition, those who simply want to stay abreast of the field will find this study worthwhile.

SCOPE AND FORMAT

Water treatment touches nearly every individual or industry in one way or another as the water treatment industry seeks to bring impure water up to potable standards or better. As this extremely large industry continues to expand, the distinctions between commodity and specialty chemicals, and mechanical and other treatment methods, are sometimes blurred.

This report concentrates on the most competitive, high-growth segment of the water treatment industry. Using information gathered from diverse sources, this report has been organized into a cohesive unit that includes an overview of the industry with relevant information on the environmental and regulatory constraints and actions that greatly control this industry. This report addresses the structure of the industry and its competitive aspects, as well as specialty water treatment chemicals by function and market application. Abstracted patents represent many of the research and development trends in the industry. Not all of these patents become commercialized. However, they do illustrate areas of company activity and alternative technologies under development.

To simplify and focus on the most promising and relevant technologies, this study concentrates its analysis on existing technology and recent advances. Five-year projections for market activity and value are provided. Industry structure, the pricing trends, research and development, environmental influences, competition between different technologies, and companies involved are also included.

METHODOLOGY

Research for this report began with an in-depth analysis of technical and business literature, as well as a review of the history of technology. The methodologies employed in this study include extensive library research and information from BCC internal files, as well as contact with representatives from the leading water-treatment chemicals companies. This report also includes an on-line data search of databases that cover all existing literature and an evaluation of government statistics, company activities, state-of-the-art technology, and patents. Since it revises, expands, and updates an older BCC report, the report contains some historical and background information from the older report. This information conforms to the newer BCC format and the more focused objectives of this report.

Values reflect U.S. sales of specialty water treatment chemicals for the market applications covered in this report. Projections for the 2002 to 2007 time period are given in 2001 constant dollars and represent real growth. Historical values are presented for the given year, with focus on the given year. Overseas activity is also mentioned, which puts the U.S. market into global context. Where precise information was not available, a consensus was made, using a formulation of reasonable assumptions and estimates based on a baseline obtained from historical data.

INFORMATION SOURCES

The information sources for this study include extensive online research, patent literature, worldwide technical journals and magazines, and principals in the industry.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES

• REASON FOR DOING THE STUDY
• CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY AND FOR WHOM
• SCOPE AND FORMAT
• METHODOLOGY
• INFORMATION SOURCES
• RELATED BCC PUBLICATIONS
  • REPORTS
  • MONTHLY NEWSLETTERS
• BCC ON-LINE SERVICES
  • DISCLAIMER

SUMMARY

• Summary Table:
  VALUE OF THE U.S. SALES OF WATER TREATMENT CHEMICALS, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
• Summary Figure:
  VALUE OF THE U.S. SALES OF WATER TREATMENT CHEMICALS, 1995-2007 ($ MILLIONS)

INDUSTRY OVERVIEW

• HISTORY OF THE INDUSTRY
  • HISTORY OF THE INDUSTRY (CONTINUED)
  • HISTORY OF THE INDUSTRY (CONTINUED)
• MAJOR APPLICATIONS
  • CORROSIONS AND SCALE INHIBITING CHEMICALS
  • BIOCIDES AND DISINFECTING CHEMICALS
  • COAGULANTS AND FLOCCULANTS
  • FILTER MEDIA AND ADSORBENT CHEMICALS
  • SOFTENERS AND PH ADJUSTORS
  • FLUORIDATION AGENTS
  • ANTIFOAMING AGENTS
• TECHNOLOGY
  • STRUCTURE
  • WATER USE CYCLES
    • Table 1 SPECIALTY CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF WATER APPLICATIONS
• Industrial Applications
• Table 2 WATER REQUIRED FOR SOME FINISHED GOODS
• Recycling Industrial Water
• Reuse of Industrial Water
• Industrial Market Size
• Table 3 U.S. SALES OF INDUSTRIAL SPECIALTY WATER TREATMENT CHEMICALS BY TYPE, 2002 ($ MILLIONS)
• Figure 1 U.S. SALES OF INDUSTRIAL SPECIALTY WATER TREATMENT CHEMICALS BY CLASS, 2002 (%)
• Industrial End-Uses
• Figure 2 END-USE OF INDUSTRIAL WATER BY SHARE, 2001 (%)
• Cooling Water
• Boiler Water
• Wastewater
• Process Water
• Table 4 MAJOR INDUSTRIAL PROCESS WATER USERS
• Commercial Process Water
• Primary Metal Process Water
• Chemical Process Water
• Paper and Pulp Process Water
• Minerals Process Water
• Food and Beverage Process Water
• Municipal Applications
• Table 5 PER CAPITIA WATER CONSUMPTION FOR SOME COUNTRIES, 2001 (GALLONS PER DAY)
• Water Quality Issues
• Municipal Market Size
• Table 6 U.S. SALES OF WATER TREATMENT CHEMICALS USED BY MUNICIPALITIES, 2002 ($ MILLIONS)
• Figure 3 U.S. SALES OF WATER TREATMENT CHEMICALS USED BY MUNICIPALITIES, 2002 (%)
• Table 7 ORGANICS REGULATED BY THE EPA
• End Uses of Municipal Water Treatment
• Figure 4 END USES OF MUNICIPAL WATER (%)
• Municipal Potable Water
• Municipal Wastewater
• Specialized Applications
• Table 8 U.S. SALES OF WATER TREATMENT CHEMICALS USED BY SPECIALTY MARKETS, 2002 ($ MILLIONS)
• Figure 5 U.S. SALES OF WATER TREATMENT CHEMICALS USED BY SPECIALTY MARKETS, 2002 (%)
• Specialized Applications: Domestic Market
• Table 9 SUBDIVISIONS IN THE DOMESTIC MARKET
• Residential Filtration
• Swimming Pools
• Small Water Supply Systems
• Specialized Applications: Military
• Specialized Applications: Maritime
• Specialized Applications: Agriculture
• Specialized Applications: Aquaculture
• Specialized Applications: Remote Locations

CORROSION AND SCALE INHIBITING CHEMICALS

• MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH
  • Figure 6 DIVISION OF THE MARKET FOR CORROSION INHIBITORS BY TYPE, 2002 (%)
  • Table 10 U.S. SALES OF CORROSION AND SCALE INHIBITING INHIBITOR BY MARKET, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 11 VALUE OF U.S. SALES OF CORROSION AND SCALE INHIBITING CHEMICALS BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
  • IMPORTANT STRATEGIES
  • DRIVING FORCES
  • REGULATORY CONSTRAINTS
• APPLICATIONS
  • TYPES OF INHIBITORS
    • Table 12 CLASSIFICATION OF CORROSION INHIBITORS
  • Passivating Inhibitors
  • Cathodic Inhibitors
  • Table 13 TYPES OF CATHODIC INHIBITORS
  • Organic Inhibitors
  • Precipitation Inhibitors
  • Volatile Corrosion Inhibitors
  • CHEMICALS THAT FUNCTION AS CORROSION AND SCALE INHIBITORS
    • Table 14 GROUPINGS OF CORROSION AND SCALE INHIBITORS
  • Phosphorus
  • Table 15 PHOSPHORUS-BASED CORROSION INHIBITORS
• Phosphates
  • Pentasodium Triphosphate Na₅(PO₃-O-PO₂-O-PO₃)
  • Phosphoric Acid H₃PO₄
  • Polyphosphoric Acid H₃P₄O₁₃
  • Potassium Phosphates
  • Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate Na₂H₂P₂O₇
  • Sodium Phosphates
• Phosphonates
  • Aminotrimethylene Phosphonic Acid C₃H₁₂NO₉P₃
  • Diammonium Cocamine di (methylene phosphonate)
  • Etidronic Acid CH₃C(OH)(PO₃H₂)
  • Hydroxy Phosphino Carboxylic Acid
  • Hydroxy Phosphonic Acid OP(OH)₂CHOHCOOH
  • Methylene Phosphonate C₁₀H₂₉N₂O₁₂P₄
  • Potassium hexamethylene diamine tetra (methylene phosphonate)
• Synergistic Phosphorus Combinations
  • Polyphosphates + Chromates and/or Zinc
  • Polyphosphates + Silicates
• Amines
• Table 16 CLASSES OF AMINES USED IN WATER TREATMENT
• Specific Amines Used in Water Treatment
• Table 17 AMINE-BASED CHEMICALS USED IN WATER TREATMENT
• Amminomethyl Propanol CH₃(CH₃)(NH₂)CH₂OH
• Bis-Hexamethylene Triamine NH₂(CH₂)₆NH(CH₂)₆NH₂
• Cyclohexylamine C₆H₁₁NH₂
• Diethylaminoethanol (C₂H₅)₂NCH₂CH₂OH
• Diethylenetriamine-penta-methylene Phosphonic Acid C₉H₂₈N₃O₁₅P₅
• Ethylenediamine NH₂CH₂CH₂NH₂
• Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (HOOCCH₂)₂NCH₂CH₂N(CH₂COOH)₂
• Monoethanolamine NH₂CH₂CH₂OH
• Morpholine C₄H₈ONH
• Myristamine C₁4H₃₁N and Myristamine Acetate C₁₄H₂₉NH₂HOOCCH₃
• Octadecylamine CH₃(CH₂)₁₆CH₂NH₂
• Nitrilotriacedtic Acid N(CN₂COOH)₃
• PEG-5 Cocamide
• Stearamine CH₃(CH₂)₁₆CH₂NH₂ and Stearamine Acetate
• Silicates
  • Description of Individual Chemicals
• Table 18 SILICA-BASED CHEMICALS USED IN WATER TREATMENT
• Sodium Silicate Na₆Si₂O₇
• Sodium Metasilicate Na₂SiO₃
• Sodium Orthosilicate
• Molybdenum/Molybdates
  • Description of Individual Chemicals
• Table 19 MOLYBDATE-BASED CHEMICALS USED IN WATER TREATMENT
• Molybdenum Trioxide MoO₃
• Sodium Molybdate NaMoO₄
• Hydrazine
  • Description of Individual Chemicals
• Table 20 HYDRAZINE DERIVATIVES USED IN WATER TREATMENT
• Carbohydrazide NH₂NHCONHNH₂
• Hydrazine Hydrate H₂NNH₂
• Prices
• RECENT RESEARCH
• INDUSTRY STRUCTURE/COMPETITION
  • MARKET SIZE
    • Figure 7 U.S. MANUFACTURERS OF CORROSION INHIBITORS, MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
  • Phosphorus
  • Figure 8 HOW PHOSPHORUS IS USED (%)
  • Figure 9 MANUFACTURERS OF PHOSPHATES MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
• Phosphorus (Continued)
• Amines
• Figure 10 MANUFACTURERS OF AMINES MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
• Silicates
• Figure 11 MANUFACTURERS OF SILICA-BASED CHEMICALS MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
• Molybdenum
• Figure 12 MANUFACTURERS OF MOLYBDENUM MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
• Hydrazine
• Figure 13 HOW HYDRAZINE IS USED (%)
• COMPANY PROFILES
  • Air Products and Chemicals Inc.
  • Albemarle Corporation
  • Arch Hydrazine
  • Astaris LLC
  • Atofina Chemicals, Inc.
  • BASF Corporation
  • Bayer Hydrazine
  • Dow Chemical Company
  • EI DuPont De Nemours and Company
  • FMC Corporation
  • Huntsman Corporation
  • IMC Global
  • INEOS
  • J.M. Huber Corporation
  • Molycorp, Inc.
  • Occidental Chemical Corporation (Oxychem)
  • Phelps Dodge
  • Potash Corporation of Saskatchewan, Inc.
  • PPG Industries
  • PQ Corporation
  • The Prayon Group
  • Rhodia

BIOCIDES AND DISINFECTING CHEMICALS

• Table 21 CATEGORIES OF MICROORGANISMS
• BIOCIDES AND DISINFECTING CHEMICALS (CONTINUED)
• MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH
• Table 22 U.S. MARKET FOR INDIVIDUAL BIOCIDES, MARKET SHARE, 2001 ($ MILLIONS)
• Figure 14 U.S. MARKET FOR INDIVIDUAL BIOCIDES, MARKET SHARE 2002 (%)
• Table 23 U.S. BIOCIDE MARKET SIZE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
• Table 24 VALUE OF U.S. SALES OF THE MOST WIDELY USED BIOCIDES ($ MILLIONS)
• MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH (CONTINUED)
• MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH (CONTINUED)
• MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH (CONTINUED)
• DRIVING FORCES
• REGULATORY CONSTRAINTS
  • Table 25 DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS REGULATED BY THE EPA
• APPLICATIONS
• Table 26 CHEMICALS USED AS BIOCIDES OR DISINFECTANTS
• TYPES OF INHIBITORS
  • Bromine
  • Table 27 WATER TREATMENT CHEMICALS THAT CONTAIN BROMINE
    • Description of Individual Chemicals
      • Bromine Br₂
      • Bromine Chloride BrCl
      • 1-Bromo-3-chloro-5, 5-dimethyl hydantoin C₅H₅BrClN₂O₂
      • 3-Bromochloro-5,5-Dimethyl Hydantoin BrCl(CH₃)₂C₃N₂O₂
      • 2-Bromo-2-Nitropropane-1,3-diol C₃H₆BrNO₄
      • 1,2-Dibromo-2,4-Dicyanobutane C₆H₆Br₂N₂
      • 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide C₃H₂Br₂N₂O
      • Hypobromous Acid HOBr
      • Sodium Bromide NaBr
  • Chlorine
  • Table 28 WATER TREATMENT CHEMICALS THAT CONTAIN CHLORINE
    • Description of Some Individual Chemicals
      • Behentrimonium Chloride C₂₅H₅₄NCl
      • Benzalkonium Chloride C₆H₅CH₂N(CH₃)₂RCl, R=C₈H₁₇-C₁₈H₃₇
      • Benzethonium Chloride C₂₇H₄₂ClNO₂
      • Calcium Chloride CaCl₂
      • Dodeylguanaine Hydrochloride CH₃(CH₂)₁₁NHCNH₂+NHCl
      • Monochloramine NH₂Cl
      • Myristalkonium Chloride C₂₃H₄₂NCl
      • Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate NaNC(O)NCl(O)NClCO
      • Steartrimonium Chloride C₂₇H₅₀NCl
  • Chlorine Dioxide
  • Copper Sulfate
  • Hydrogen Peroxide
  • Hypochlorites
  • Table 29 HYPOCHLORITES USED IN WATER TREATMENT
• Calcium Hypochlorite Ca[Ocl]₂
• Lithium Hypochlorite LiOCl
• Potassium Hypochlorite ClHOK
• Sodium Hypochlorite NaOCl
• Iodine
  • Description of Individual Chemicals
    • Iodine I₂
    • Tetraglycine Hydroperiodide
• Ozone
• Potassium Permanganate
• Sulfur Dioxide
  • Prices
• INDUSTRY STRUCTURE/COMPETITION
  • MARKET SIZE
    • Figure 15 MANUFACTURERS OF BIOCIDES, U.S. MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
    • Bromine
    • Figure 16 HOW BROMINE IS USED (%)
    • Figure 17 MANUFACTURERS OF BROMINE-BASED CHEMICALS MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
    • Chlorine
    • Figure 18 HOW CHLORINE IS USED (%)
    • Figure 19 MANUFACTURERS OF CHLORINE MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
    • Sodium Chlorate
    • Figure 20 HOW CHLORINE DIOXIDE/SODIUM CHLORATE IS USED (%)
    • Figure 21 NORTH AMERICAN MANUFACTURERS OF SODIUM CHLORATE MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
    • Copper Sulfate
    • Figure 22 HOW COPPER SULFATE IS USED (%)
      • Hydrogen Peroxide
    • Figure 23 HOW HYDROGEN PEROXIDE IS USED (%)
    • Figure 24 MANUFACTURERS OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
    • Calcium/Sodium Hypochlorite
    • Figure 25 HOW CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE IS USED (%)
    • Figure 26 HOW INDUSTRIAL SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE IS USED (%)
    • Figure 27 MANUFACTURERS OF CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
    • Iodine
    • Figure 28 HOW IODINE IS USED (%)
    • Figure 29 MANUFACTURERS OF IODINE MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
    • Ozone
    • Figure 30 HOW OZONE IS USED (%)
    • Sulfur Dioxide
    • Figure 31 HOW SULFUR DIOXIDE IS USED (%)
    • Figure 32 MANUFACTURERS OF SULFUR DIOXIDE MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
• TECHNOLOGY AND TRENDS
  • TECHNOLOGICAL HISTORY
  • RECENT RESEARCH
    • Recent Research (Continued)
    • Recent Research (Continued)
• INDUSTRY STRUCTURE/COMPETITION
  • COMPANY PROFILES
    • Albemarle Corporation
    • Altivia
    • Ambar, Inc.
    • Ameribrom
    • Arch Chemicals
    • ASARCO
    • Atofina Chemicals, Inc.
    • Bromine Compounds Ltd.
    • Carus Chemical Company
    • Clariant International
    • Dead Sea Bromine Group
    • Degussa Corporation
    • Dow Chemical Company
    • EI DuPont De Nemours and Company
    • Eka Chemicals Inc.
    • FMC Corporation
    • Formosa Plastics Corporation
    • Great Lakes Chemical Corporation
    • Huron Tech Corporation
    • Kennecott Utah Copper Corporation
    • Marsulex Inc.
    • Nexen Chemicals
    • Olin Chlor Alkali Products
    • Occidental Chemical Corporation (Oxychem)
    • Osmonics, Inc.
    • Oxy Vinyls LC
    • Ozonia North America
    • PCI-Wedeco
    • Phelps Dodge
    • PPG Industries
    • Praxair Inc.
    • PVS Chemicals Inc.
    • Rohm & Haas
    • Solvay Interox, Inc.
    • SQM North America
    • Sterling Chemicals, Inc.
    • Vulcan Performance Chemicals

COAGULANTS AND FLOCCULANTS

• MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH
• Table 30 U.S. COAGULANT AND FLOCCULANT MARKET SIZE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
• Table 31 U.S. SALES OF COAGULANTS AND FLOCCULANTS IN WATER TREATMENT, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
• MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH (CONTINUED)
• DRIVING FORCES
• REGULATORY CONSTRAINTS
• APPLICATIONS
  • ORGANIC COAGULANTS
    • Polymers
      • Price
  • INORGANIC COAGULANTS
    • Individual Inorganic Coagulants
    • Table 32 INORGANIC COAGULANTS USED IN WATER TREATMENT
      • Aluminum Chloride AlCl₃
      • Aluminum Sulfate Al₂(SO₄)₃
      • Calcium Chloride CaCl₂
      • Ferric Chloride FeCl₃
      • Ferric Sulfate Fe₂(SO₄)₃
      • Ferrous Chloride FeCl₂
      • Ferrous Sulfate FeSO₄
      • Hydroxylated Ferric Sulfate Fe₅(SO₄)₇(OH)
      • Magnesium Hydroxide Mg(OH)₂
      • Polyaluminum Chloride Al₂O₃
      • Sodium Aluminate NaAlO₂
    • Prices
• INDUSTRY STRUCTURE/COMPETITION
  • MARKET SIZE
    • Figure 33 DIVISIONS WITH THE COAGULANT/FLOCCULANT MARKET (%)
    • Polyacrylamides
    • Figure 34 MANUFACTURERS OF ACRYLAMIDE, U.S. MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
    • Inorganic Coagulants
    • Figure 35 MANUFACTURERS OF INORGANIC COAGULANTS MARKET SHARE 2001 (%)
      • Aluminum Salts
    • Figure 36 MANUFACTURERS OF ALUMINUM SALTS MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
      • Calcium Chloride
    • Figure 37 MANUFACTURERS OF CALCIUM CHLORIDE MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
      • Ferric Chloride
    • Figure 38 MANUFACTURERS OF FERRIC CHLORIDE MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
      • Ferrous Sulfate
    • Figure 39 MANUFACTURERS OF FERROUS SULFATE MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
      • Magnesium Hydroxide
    • Figure 40 MANUFACTURERS OF MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
• TECHNOLOGY AND TRENDS
  • TECHNOLOGICAL HISTORY
  • RECENT RESEARCH
• INDUSTRY STRUCTURE/COMPETITION
  • COMPANY PROFILES
    • Ciba Specialty Chemicals
    • Crown Technology
    • Cytec Industries, Inc.
    • Dow Chemical Company
    • EI DuPont De Nemours and Company
    • Eaglebrook
    • The General Chemical Group Inc.
    • GEO Specialty Chemicals
    • Kemiron
    • Martin Marietta Magnesia Specialties
    • Ondeo Nalco Chemical Co.
    • PVS Technologies Inc.
    • QC Corporation
    • Rohm & Haas
    • SNF Floerger and Bio-Flocryl Inc.
    • Tetra Technologies, Inc.

FILTER MEDIA AND ADSORBENT CHEMICALS

• MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH
• Table 33 ACTIVATED CARBON USED IN WATER TREATMENT MARKET SIZE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
• Table 34 U.S. SALES OF ACTIVATED CARBON USED IN WATER TREATMENT, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
• REGULATORY CONSTRAINTS
• APPLICATIONS
  • ACTIVATED CARBON
    • Activated Carbon (Continued)
    • Table 35 METHODS THAT REGENERATE CARBON
    • Regeneration of Activated Carbon
    • Price
  • OTHER FILTRATION MEDIA
    • Bentonite
    • Diatomaceous Earth
    • Anthracite Coal
    • Perlite
• INDUSTRY STRUCTURE/COMPETITION
  • MARKET SIZE
    • Figure 41 DIVISIONS WITHIN THE MARKET USING AC TO PURIFY LIQUIDS (%)
    • Figure 42 MANUFACTURERS OF ACTIVATED CARBON MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
• TECHNOLOGY AND TRENDS
  • TECHNOLOGICAL HISTORY
  • RECENT RESEARCH
    • Recent Research (Continued)
  • COMPANY PROFILES
    • American Colloid Company
    • Barnebey Sutcliffe Corporation
    • Calgon Carbon Corporation
    • Norit Americas Inc.
    • Volclay International
    • Westvaco Corporation

SOFTENERS AND PH ADJUSTERS

• Table 36 CLASSIFICATION OF WATER HARDNESS
• MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH
• Table 37 U.S. WATER SOFTENERS USED IN WATER TREATMENT MARKET SIZE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
• MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH (CONTINUED)
  • Table 38 U.S. SALES OF SOFTENERS AND PH ADJUSTERS, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
• REGULATORY CONSTRAINTS
• APPLICATIONS
  • ION EXCHANGE RESINS
    • Ion Exchange Resins (Continued)
    • Strong Cation Exchange Resins
    • Weak Acid Cation Resins
    • Strong Base Anionic Resins
    • Weak Base Anionic Resins
    • Regeneration
    • Prices
  • SPECIALTY ACIDS
    • Table 39 SPECIALTY ACIDS USED IN WATER TREATMENT
    • Citric Acid (C₆H₈O₇)
    • Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
    • Phosphoric Acid (H₃PO₄)
    • Sulfamic Acid (H₃NO₃S)
    • Price
  • TECHNOLOGY HISTORY
  • RECENT RESEARCH
    • Recent Research (Continued)
• INDUSTRY STRUCTURE/COMPETITION
  • MARKET SIZE
    • Ion Exchange Resins
    • Figure 43 MANUFACTURERS OF ION EXCHANGE RESINS MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
    • Specialty Acids
    • Figure 44 U.S. SPECIALTY ACID MARKET DIVISIONS (%)
    • Figure 45 MANUFACTURERS OF SPECIALTY ACID MARKET SHARE 2001 (%)
      • Phosphoric Acid
    • Figure 46 MANUFACTURERS OF PHOSPORIC ACID MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
      • Hydrochloric Acid
  • Figure 47 MANUFACTURERS OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
  • Figure 48 INDUSTRIES THAT USE HYDROCHLORIC ACID (%)
• Citric Acid
• Figure 49 MANUFACTURERS OF CITRIC ACID MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
• Figure 50 CITRIC ACID MARKET DIVISIONS (%)
• TECHNOLOGY AND TRENDS
  • COMPANY PROFILES
    • Archer Daniels Midland
    • Astaris LLC
    • BASF Corporation
    • Bayer Corporation
    • Cargill
    • Dow Chemical Company
    • EI DuPont De Nemours and Company
    • Purolite Company
    • Potash Corporation
    • Rohm & Haas
    • Vulcan Performance Chemicals

FLUORIDATION AGENTS

• FLUORIDATION AGENTS (CONTINUED)
• MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH
• Table 40 U.S. FLUORIDE MARKET SIZE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
• DRIVING FORCES
• REGULATORY CONSTRAINTS
• APPLICATIONS
  • TYPES OF CHEMICALS USED IN FLUORIDATION
    • Table 41 FLUORIDATION CHEMICALS USED IN WATER TREATMENT
    • Hydrofluosilicic Acid (H₂SiF₆)
    • Sodium Fluoride (NaF)
    • Sodium Silicofluoride (Na₂SiF₆)
  • PRICES
• TECHNOLOGY AND TRENDS
  • TECHNOLOGICAL HISTORY
• INDUSTRY STRUCTURE/COMPETITION
  • MARKET SIZE
  • COMPANY PROFILES
  • IMC Global
    • Lucier Chemical Industries Ltd.
    • Solvay Fluorides

SILICONE-BASED ANTIFOAMING AND DEFOAMING AGENTS

• MARKET SIZE AND GROWTH
• Table 42 U.S. FOAM CONTROL AGENTS USED IN WATER TREATMENT MARKET SIZE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
• Table 43 U.S. SALES OF ANTIFOAMING AND DEFOAMING AGENTS ($ MILLIONS)
• Figure 51 DIVISIONS WITHIN THE ANTIFOAMING/DEFOAMING CHEMICAL MARKET, 2001 (%)
• APPLICATIONS
• Table 44 ANTIFOAMING CHEMICALS USED IN WATER TREATMENT
• Polydimethylsiloxane (CH₃)₃SiO[Si(CH₃)₂O]_NSi(CH₃)₃
• Ethylene Distearamide CCH₃(CH₂)₁₆CONH(CH₂)₂NHCO(CH₂)₁₆CH₃
• Polyoxypropylene C₄H₉(OCHCH₃CHCH₂)X(OCH₂CH₂)YOH
• Silicone Emulsions
• Simethicone (CH₃)₃SiO[Si(CH₃)₂O]_NSi(CH₃)₃, N=200-350
• PRICES
• TECHNOLOGY AND TRENDS
• INDUSTRY STRUCTURE/COMPETITION
  • MARKET SHARE
    • Figure 52 BREAKDOWN OF THE U.S. SILICONE MARKET, 2002 (%)
    • Figure 53 SILICONE FLUIDS MARKET, 2002 (%)
    • Figure 54 U.S. MANUFACTURERS OF SILICONES MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
  • OVERVIEW
    • Company Profiles
      • BASF Corporation
      • Betzdearborn
      • Degussa Corporation
      • Dow Corning
      • G. E. Silicones
      • Ondeo Nalco Chemical Co.
      • Osi Specialties Group
      • Rhodia Silicones
      • Shin-Etsu Chemical Company
      • Wacker Silicones Corporation

APPENDIX

• COMPANY DIRECTORY

LIST OF TABLES

• Summary Table:
  VALUE OF THE U.S. SALES OF WATER TREATMENT CHEMICALS, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
• Table 1 SPECIALTY CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF WATER APPLICATIONS
• Table 2 WATER REQUIRED FOR SOME FINISHED GOODS
• Table 3 U.S. SALES OF INDUSTRIAL SPECIALTY WATER TREATMENT CHEMICALS BY TYPE, 2002 ($ MILLIONS)
• Table 4 MAJOR INDUSTRIAL PROCESS WATER USERS
• Table 5 PER CAPITIA WATER CONSUMPTION FOR SOME COUNTRIES, 2001 (GALLONS PER DAY)
• Table 6 U.S. SALES OF WATER TREATMENT CHEMICALS USED BY MUNICIPALITIES, 2002 ($ MILLIONS)
• Table 7 ORGANICS REGULATED BY THE EPA
• Table 8 U.S. SALES OF WATER TREATMENT CHEMICALS USED BY SPECIALTY MARKETS, 2002 ($ MILLIONS)
• Table 9 SUBDIVISIONS IN THE DOMESTIC MARKET
• Table 10 U.S. SALES OF CORROSION AND SCALE INHIBITING INHIBITOR BY MARKET, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
• Table 11 VALUE OF U.S. SALES OF CORROSION AND SCALE INHIBITING CHEMICALS BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
• Table 12 CLASSIFICATION OF CORROSION INHIBITORS
• Table 13 TYPES OF CATHODIC INHIBITORS
• Table 14 GROUPINGS OF CORROSION AND SCALE INHIBITORS
• Table 15 PHOSPHORUS-BASED CORROSION INHIBITORS
• Table 16 CLASSES OF AMINES USED IN WATER TREATMENT
• Table 17 AMINE-BASED CHEMICALS USED IN WATER TREATMENT
• Table 18 SILICA-BASED CHEMICALS USED IN WATER TREATMENT
• Table 19 MOLYBDATE-BASED CHEMICALS USED IN WATER TREATMENT
• Table 20 HYDRAZINE DERIVATIVES USED IN WATER TREATMENT
• Table 21 CATEGORIES OF MICROORGANISMS
• Table 22 U.S. MARKET FOR INDIVIDUAL BIOCIDES, MARKET SHARE, 2001 ($ MILLIONS)
• Table 23 U.S. BIOCIDE MARKET SIZE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
• Table 24 VALUE OF U.S. SALES OF THE MOST WIDELY USED BIOCIDES ($ MILLIONS)
• Table 25 DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS REGULATED BY THE EPA
• Table 26 CHEMICALS USED AS BIOCIDES OR DISINFECTANTS
• Table 27 WATER TREATMENT CHEMICALS THAT CONTAIN BROMINE
• Table 28 WATER TREATMENT CHEMICALS THAT CONTAIN CHLORINE
• Table 29 HYPOCHLORITES USED IN WATER TREATMENT
• Table 30 U.S. COAGULANT AND FLOCCULANT MARKET SIZE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
• Table 31 U.S. SALES OF COAGULANTS AND FLOCCULANTS IN WATER TREATMENT, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
• Table 32 INORGANIC COAGULANTS USED IN WATER TREATMENT
• Table 33 ACTIVATED CARBON USED IN WATER TREATMENT MARKET SIZE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
• Table 34 U.S. SALES OF ACTIVATED CARBON USED IN WATER TREATMENT, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
• Table 35 METHODS THAT REGENERATE CARBON
• Table 36 CLASSIFICATION OF WATER HARDNESS
• Table 37 U.S. WATER SOFTENERS USED IN WATER TREATMENT MARKET SIZE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
• Table 38 U.S. SALES OF SOFTENERS AND PH ADJUSTERS, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
• Table 39 SPECIALTY ACIDS USED IN WATER TREATMENT
• Table 40 U.S. FLUORIDE MARKET SIZE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
• Table 41 FLUORIDATION CHEMICALS USED IN WATER TREATMENT
• Table 42 U.S. FOAM CONTROL AGENTS USED IN WATER TREATMENT MARKET SIZE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
• Table 43 U.S. SALES OF ANTIFOAMING AND DEFOAMING AGENTS ($ MILLIONS)
• Table 44 ANTIFOAMING CHEMICALS USED IN WATER TREATMENT

LIST OF FIGURES

• Summary Figure:
  VALUE OF THE U.S. SALES OF WATER TREATMENT CHEMICALS, 1995-2007 ($ MILLIONS)
• Figure 1 U.S. SALES OF INDUSTRIAL SPECIALTY WATER TREATMENT CHEMICALS BY CLASS, 2002 (%)
• Figure 2 END-USE OF INDUSTRIAL WATER BY SHARE, 2001 (%)
• Figure 3 U.S. SALES OF WATER TREATMENT CHEMICALS USED BY MUNICIPALITIES, 2002 (%)
• Figure 4 END USES OF MUNICIPAL WATER (%)
• Figure 5 U.S. SALES OF WATER TREATMENT CHEMICALS USED BY SPECIALTY MARKETS, 2002 (%)
• Figure 6 DIVISION OF THE MARKET FOR CORROSION INHIBITORS BY TYPE, 2002 (%)
• Figure 7 U.S. MANUFACTURERS OF CORROSION INHIBITORS, MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
• Figure 8 HOW PHOSPHORUS IS USED (%)
• Figure 9 MANUFACTURERS OF PHOSPHATES MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
• Figure 10 MANUFACTURERS OF AMINES MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
• Figure 11 MANUFACTURERS OF SILICA-BASED CHEMICALS MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
• Figure 12 MANUFACTURERS OF MOLYBDENUM MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
• Figure 13 HOW HYDRAZINE IS USED (%)
• Figure 14 U.S. MARKET FOR INDIVIDUAL BIOCIDES, MARKET SHARE 2002 (%)
• Figure 15 MANUFACTURERS OF BIOCIDES, U.S. MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
• Figure 16 HOW BROMINE IS USED (%)
• Figure 17 MANUFACTURERS OF BROMINE-BASED CHEMICALS MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
• Figure 18 HOW CHLORINE IS USED (%)
• Figure 19 MANUFACTURERS OF CHLORINE MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
• Figure 20 HOW CHLORINE DIOXIDE/SODIUM CHLORATE IS USED (%)
• Figure 21 NORTH AMERICAN MANUFACTURERS OF SODIUM CHLORATE MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
• Figure 22 HOW COPPER SULFATE IS USED (%)
• Figure 23 HOW HYDROGEN PEROXIDE IS USED (%)
• Figure 24 MANUFACTURERS OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
• Figure 25 HOW CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE IS USED (%)
• Figure 26 HOW INDUSTRIAL SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE IS USED (%)
• Figure 27 MANUFACTURERS OF CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
• Figure 28 HOW IODINE IS USED (%)
• Figure 29 MANUFACTURERS OF IODINE MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
• Figure 30 HOW OZONE IS USED (%)
• Figure 31 HOW SULFUR DIOXIDE IS USED (%)
• Figure 32 MANUFACTURERS OF SULFUR DIOXIDE MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
• Figure 33 DIVISIONS WITH THE COAGULANT/FLOCCULANT MARKET (%)
• Figure 34 MANUFACTURERS OF ACRYLAMIDE, U.S. MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
• Figure 35 MANUFACTURERS OF INORGANIC COAGULANTS MARKET SHARE 2001 (%)
• Figure 36 MANUFACTURERS OF ALUMINUM SALTS MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
• Figure 37 MANUFACTURERS OF CALCIUM CHLORIDE MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
• Figure 38 MANUFACTURERS OF FERRIC CHLORIDE MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
• Figure 39 MANUFACTURERS OF FERROUS SULFATE MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
• Figure 40 MANUFACTURERS OF MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
• Figure 41 DIVISIONS WITHIN THE MARKET USING AC TO PURIFY LIQUIDS (%)
• Figure 42 MANUFACTURERS OF ACTIVATED CARBON MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
• Figure 43 MANUFACTURERS OF ION EXCHANGE RESINS MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
• Figure 44 U.S. SPECIALTY ACID MARKET DIVISIONS (%)
• Figure 45 MANUFACTURERS OF SPECIALTY ACID MARKET SHARE 2001 (%)
• Figure 46 MANUFACTURERS OF PHOSPORIC ACID MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
• Figure 47 MANUFACTURERS OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
• Figure 48 INDUSTRIES THAT USE HYDROCHLORIC ACID (%)
• Figure 49 MANUFACTURERS OF CITRIC ACID MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)
• Figure 50 CITRIC ACID MARKET DIVISIONS (%)
• Figure 51 DIVISIONS WITHIN THE ANTIFOAMING/DEFOAMING CHEMICAL MARKET, 2001 (%)
• Figure 52 BREAKDOWN OF THE U.S. SILICONE MARKET, 2002 (%)
• Figure 53 SILICONE FLUIDS MARKET, 2002 (%)
• Figure 54 U.S. MANUFACTURERS OF SILICONES MARKET SHARE, 2001 (%)