INTRODUCTION
STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES
BCC's goal and objective in conducting this study is to determine the current status of the weight loss market, assess its growth potential over the 5-year period from 2002 to 2007 and evaluate all its segments in terms of marketable products and services.
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
The industry is based on serving the needs of overweight and obese persons. Experts worldwide recognize obesity as a serious disease, and growing at epidemic rates. The various segments attempting to deal with this problem change constantly in terms of their products and services and how they do business. For them to succeed, it is necessary to understand the dynamics of the needs and to understand professionals, ordinary citizens and government bodies at a number of levels.
While the United States was the principal target, considerable data has been developed for countries and regions around the world. Everyone, everywhere, is concerned about the effects of this disease and how to attack it.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY AND FOR WHOM
This is a study of six distinct industry segments and their prospects for succeeding by providing efficacious and safe treatment for the various stages of obesity. This, in turn, provides limitless future opportunities for advancing the prospects for commercial success, as well as providing the human race with more and/or better ways to successfully combat overweight and obesity, along with their dangers and suffering.
BCC presents the industry's economic environment, technological descriptions and issues, applications, market factors and potential, and project sales of products and services through 2007. This study will be of interest to the supplement industry, meal replacement industry, pharmaceutical industry, the weight loss center business leaders, and the food and beverage industries.
This report is of interest to personnel within each of the industries, on all levels of commercial functions, including manufacturers, medical and social science service providers, wholesalers and retailers, and current and future types of organizations. It also should benefit many areas of government, university and industry sector technologists, as well as civic-minded and forward-looking individuals and groups of all types.
SCOPE AND FORMAT
This study incorporates the six major industry segments referred to earlier: supplements, pharmaceuticals, bariatrics, weight loss centers, lower calorie foods and lower calorie beverages. It analyzes each commercial and technological element as it relates to current market status and its impact on future markets. It presents forecasts of growth over the next 5 years. In addition, the dynamics of patient behavior, along with attitude and motivation, are analyzed as they relate to obesity and any possible methods that could be successful in treating it.
Each of the industry segments is examined worldwide. To understand commonalties and variations among various geopolitical, economic and lifestyle variations, analyses of these parameters in relation to disease vulnerability are made.
All of the analyses are presented in quantitative table and chart formats. Numerical relationships are related to more qualitative information to provide both measurable dimensions, as well as, insights into the cause and effect aspects of behavior, technological, and governmental activity.
METHODOLOGY
Through primary and secondary sources, and creative research, BCC determined revenues received by businesses and other sources from ultimate consumers. Past, current and projected revenue amounts are in present dollars at the time the transactions occurred. This route was taken to measure consumer expenditures across a number of different sub-industries. BCC believes this is a realistic way to evaluate consumer choices for many different kinds of goods and services.
Exceptions to this consumer expenditure model applied to two specific industrial market transaction types. Virtually all fat replacements and approximately half of artificial sweeteners largely are purchased by food and beverage manufacturers for use as ingredients in their ultimate end products. In these instances, BCC developed monetary market size at the wholesale level. These are presented as separate industrial market parameters for those interested in them. Conceptually, sales of the final products containing fat and sugar replacements were measured. There is virtually no duplication of ingredient sales because industrial sales were not added to consumer revenue totals.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
- STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES
- REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
- CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY AND FOR WHOM
- SCOPE AND FORMAT
- METHODOLOGY
- INFORMATION SOURCES
- RELATED BCC WORK CREDENTIALS
- OTHER BCC PUBLICATIONS RELATED TO THIS TOPIC
- REPORTS
- MONTHLY NEWSLETTER
- AUTHOR CREDENTIALS
- BCC ONLINE SERVICES
SUMMARY
- Summary Table:
U.S. RETAIL MARKET FOR WEIGHT LOSS PRODUCTS AND SERVICES, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS) - Summary Figure:
U.S. RETAIL MARKET FOR WEIGHT LOSS PRODUCTS AND SERVICES, 1999-2007 ($ MILLIONS)
OVERVIEW
- NATURE OF O/O
- OVERWEIGHT VS. OBESITY
- DEFINITIONS
- OBESITY TRAITS
- AN INTERNATIONAL EPIDEMIC
- UNITED STATES INCIDENCE
- Table 1 OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY AMONG U.S. ADULTS (20 AND OVER) 1978-2002 (%)
- Figure 1 OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY AMONG U.S. ADULTS (20 AND OVER) 1978-2002 (%)
- Table 2 OVERWEIGHT INCIDENCE AMONG U.S. CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS, 1978-2002
- Figure 2 OVERWEIGHT INCIDENCE AMONG U.S. CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS,
1978-2002 (%)
- REASONS FOR THE INCREASE
- EFFECT ON THE ECONOMY
- A COSTLY DISEASE
- GOALS AND ACTUAL RESULTS ARE MOVING IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS
- PERSONAL SUFFERING
- PRODUCTS
- DO WEIGHT LOSS DRUGS REALLY WORK?
- IMPORTANT INDUSTRY INDICATORS
- INCIDENCE AND TRENDS OF OVERWEIGHT
- Table 3 PROPORTION OF U.S. ADULT POPULATION THAT IS OVERWEIGHT, (%)
- TECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCT IMPROVEMENTS
- SOCIETAL VALUES
- STRICTER ENFORCEMENT OF INDUSTRY PRACTICES
- HISTORY OF THE INDUSTRY
- PRIOR TO 1980
- WIDESPREAD EMERGENCE OF THE O/O PROBLEM
- CONFRONTING THE EPIDEMIC
- MAJOR SIDE EFFECT PROBLEM
- OVERLAPPING CATEGORIES AND MULTIFUNCTIONAL PRODUCTS
- NUTRACEUTICALS APPEAR
- MISCONCEPTIONS REMAIN
- PRODUCT FUNCTIONS
- PRODUCTS THAT REDUCE THE APPETITE
- PRODUCTS THAT BURN FAT
- PRODUCTS THAT PREVENT FAT DIGESTION
- MEAL REPLACEMENTS
- LOWER CALORIE FORMS OF FOODS AND BEVERAGES
- PRODUCT AND SERVICE SEGMENTS
- SUPPLEMENTS
- PHARMACEUTICALS
- BARIATRIC SURGERY
- WEIGHT LOSS CENTERS
- LOW CALORIE FOODS
- LOW CALORIE BEVERAGES AND ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS
- MAJOR APPLICATIONS
- SEVERE OBESITY
- OBESITY
- HIGH OVERWEIGHT
- OVERWEIGHT
- NOT OVERWEIGHT
- FUTURE EFFECTS ON THE INDUSTRY AND COUNTRY
- CONSIDERABLE INTERDEPENDENCE
- Weight Loss Industry Effect on the Country
- The Country's Effect on the Industry
- CONSIDERABLE INTERDEPENDENCE
- FACTORS INFLUENCING DEMAND
- PROFESSIONAL AND GOVERNMENT RECOMMENDATIONS
- PROFESSIONAL AND GOVERNMENT RECOMMENDATIONS (CONTINUED)
- LIFE STYLES
- FASHION/FIGURE INFLUENCES
- ATTRACTIVENESS PERCEPTIONS
- PERCEPTIONS OF OVERWEIGHT ADOLESCENTS
- SOCIETAL EFFECTS
- EATING OUT
- Restaurants Feel the Pressure
- EXERCISE CONSIDERATIONS
- SELF-MEDICATION TRENDS
- Table 4 ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOR RELATING TO HEALTH SELF-CARE (%)
- UNREALISTIC EXPECTATIONS
- Table 5 EXPECTATIONS OF BEGINNING DIETERS BASED ON DESCRIPTIONS OF WEIGHT
LOSS RESULTS (%)
- DEMOGRAPHICS
- NOBODY IS SPARED
- WEALTH STIMULATES O/O
- RAISING CHILDREN
- RELIGION
- TECHNOLOGY EFFECTS
- PREPARATION, CONSUMPTION PATTERNS AND TRENDS
- CHANGES IN HOME FOOD PREPARATION
- LONG-TERM TRENDS
- SNACKING INCREASES
- Snacking Increases (Continued)
- DEMOGRAPHICS
PRODUCT AND SERVICE SEGMENTS: MARKET SIZE, MARKET SHARE AND COMPANY PROFILES
- PRODUCT AND SERVICE SEGMENTS: MARKET SIZE, MARKET SHARE AND COMPANY PROFILES
- Table 6 U.S. RETAIL MARKET FOR WEIGHT LOSS PRODUCTS AND SERVICES BY MAJOR SEGMENTS, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
- Figure 3 U.S. RETAIL MARKET FOR WEIGHT LOSS PRODUCTS AND SERVICES BY MAJOR
SEGMENTS, 1999-2007 ($ MILLIONS)
- SUPPLEMENTS
- Table 7 U.S. SALES OF WEIGHT CONTROL SUPPLEMENTS, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
- Table 8 U.S. SALES OF WEIGHT CONTROL SUPPLEMENTS BY PRODUCT SUBCATEGORIES, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
- Figure 4 U.S. SALES OF WEIGHT CONTROL PRODUCT SUPPLEMENTS BY PRODUCT
SUBCATEGORIES, 1999-2007 ($ MILLIONS)
- PILLS
- Table 9 U.S. SALES OF WEIGHT CONTROL SUPPLEMENT PILLS, THROUGH 2007 ($
MILLIONS)
- Ephedra/Ma Huang
- The Ephedra Sales Boom and Side Effects
- Doctors Selling Ephedra
- Market Shares
- Table 10 MARKET SHARE OF WEIGHT CONTROL PILLS BY BRAND, 2001 (%)
- Figure 5 MARKET SHARE OF WEIGHT CONTROL PILLS BY BRAND, 2001 (%)
- Metabolife in Trouble
- Company Profiles
- Metabolife International, Inc.
- Royal Numico, N.V.
- DIET MEAL REPLACEMENTS
- Liquids and Powders
- Table 11 U.S. SALES OF LIQUID/POWDER DIET MEAL REPLACEMENT PRODUCTS,
THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
- Bars
- Table 12 U.S. SALES OF DIET MEAL REPLACEMENT BAR PRODUCTS THROUGH 2007 ($
MILLIONS)
- Brand Share
- Table 13 MARKET SHARE OF WEIGHT LOSS MEAL REPLACEMENT BRANDS, 2001 (%)
- Figure 6 MARKET SHARE OF WEIGHT LOSS MEAL REPLACEMENT BRANDS, 2001
- Company Profiles
- Slim-Fast Foods
- Ensure
- PHARMACEUTICALS
- PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET MOVEMENT
- Table 14 U.S. SALES OF PHARMACEUTICAL WEIGHT CONTROL PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
- Table 15 U.S. SALES OF PHARMACEUTICAL WEIGHT CONTROL PRODUCTS BY MAJOR INGREDIENT TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
- Figure 7 U.S. SALES OF PHARMACEUTICAL WEIGHT CONTROL PRODUCTS BY MAJOR
INGREDIENT TYPE, 1999-2007 ($ MILLIONS)
- MARKET SHARES
- Table 16 WEIGHT LOSS MEAL REPLACEMENT MARKET SHARES, 2001 (%)
- Figure 8 WEIGHT LOSS MEAL REPLACEMENT MARKET SHARES, 2001 (%)
- COMPANY PROFILES
- Abbott Laboratories
- Hoffmann-La Roche
- BARIATRIC SURGERY
- COMPANY PROFILES
- Table 17 BARIATRIC SURGERY REVENUE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
- Figure 9 BARIATRIC SURGERY REVENUE, 1999-2007 ($ MILLIONS)
- WEIGHT LOSS CENTERS
- MARKET AND SUMMARY
- WEIGHT LOSS CENTERS
- Table 18 U.S. WEIGHT LOSS CENTERS TOTAL MARKET REVENUE, THROUGH 2007 ($
MILLIONS)
- HISTORICAL REVIEW
- Table 19 NUMBER OF WEIGHT LOSS ESTABLISHMENTS, 1996-2000
- The Industry and Its Soiled Reputation
- MARKET SHARES
- Table 20 MARKET SHARES OF U.S. WEIGHT LOSS CENTERS, 2002 (%)
- Figure 10 MARKET SHARES OF U.S. WEIGHT LOSS CENTERS, 2002 (%)
- COMPANY PROFILES
- Weight Watchers International
- A Worldwide Operation
- A Strong Philosophy
- Financial Operations
- COMPANY PROFILES
- Table 21 WEIGHT WATCHERS TOTAL REVENUES AND NET INCOME, 1997-2002 ($
MILLIONS)
- Operations Analysis
- North America vs. International
- Table 22 WEIGHT WATCHERS ATTENDANCE AT COMPANY OWNED OPERATIONS, 1999-2002
(MILLIONS*)
- Franchise Operations
- Product Sales
- Licensing
- Marketing and Promotion
- Competition
- Separation from Heinz
- Going Public
- POINTS® ¾ An Important New System
- Leading in Consumer Support
- Internet Activity
- Jenny Craig, Inc.
- Financial Operations
- Table 23 JENNY CRAIG REVENUES AND NET INCOME, 1997-2001 ($ MILLIONS)
- Financial Problems
- Trends in the Number of Center Locations
- Table 24 TOTAL NUMBER OF JENNY CRAIG CENTERS, 1992-2001
- Jenny Craig Is Sold
- NutriSystem, Inc.
- The NutriSystem Internet Program
- Financial Data
- Revenues
- Table 25 NUTRISYSTEM REVENUES, 1995-2001 ($ MILLIONS)
- Net Income
- Table 26 NUTRISYSTEM NET INCOME, 1996-2001 ($ MILLIONS)
- Health Management Group
- L A Weight Loss Centers
- Unethical and Illegal Operations
- eDiets.com, Inc.
- A Unique Program
- Financial Data
- Table 27 eDIETS.COM REVENUE AND INCOME, 1999-2001 ($ MILLIONS)
- LOW CALORIE FOODS
- FAT, BAD INGREDIENT #1
- Summary of Opportunities and Difficulties
- Fat Is Very Damaging
- Rules for Handling Fat
- THE LOW CALORIE FOOD MARKET
- Low Calorie Food Sales Compared to Total Food Sales
- FAT, BAD INGREDIENT #1
- LOW CALORIE FOODS
- Table 28 TOTAL U.S. RETAIL FOOD SALES, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
- Figure 11 TOTAL U.S. RETAIL FOOD SALES, 1999-2007 ($ BILLIONS)
- Table 29 U.S. RETAIL SALES OF LOW CALORIE FOOD, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
- Figure 12 U.S. RETAIL SALES OF LOW CALORIE FOOD, 1999-2007 ($ BILLIONS)
- Table 30 RETAIL LOW CALORIE FOOD SALES vs. FOOD SALES, 1999-2007 (%)
- Best Selling Low Fat Foods
- Initial Opportunity: Largest Frozen Dairy Products Producers
- CONSUMER EATING TRENDS RELATED TO FAT
- Table 31 CHANGES IN SELECT FOOD CONSUMPTION TRENDS PER CAPITA (% CHANGE:
1970 TO 1997)
- LACK OF COMPLIANCE WITH DIETARY RECOMMENDATIONS
- NEW CATEGORIES
- A Changing Food Industry
- Dietary Fiber
- A New Definition
- Fiber's Future
- FAT REPLACEMENT INGREDIENT MARKET
- Table 32 U.S. SALES OF FAT REPLACEMENT INGREDIENTS, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
- Figure 13 U.S. SALES OF FAT REPLACEMENT INGREDIENTS, 1999-2007 ($
BILLIONS)
- A Difficult Task
- Many Functions of Fat
- Fat Substitute Marketers
- Fat-based Olestra
- Continuing New Product Output
- Current and Future Adequacy of Fat Replacers
- Healthy People 2000
- COMPANY PROFILES
- Land O'Lakes, Inc.
- Danisco
- Proctor & Gamble
- LOW CALORIE BEVERAGES AND ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS
- THE BAD INGREDIENT #2: SUGAR
- A Natural Product?
- A Disturbing Product
- Continuing Over Consumption
- What Added Sugar Is About
- THE BAD INGREDIENT #2: SUGAR
- Table 33 U.S. FOOD SOURCES OF ADDED SUGARS
- Table 34 CLASSIFICATION OF PERSONS BASED ON AMOUNTS AND SOURCES OF ADDED
SUGAR (2001) AND % OF TOTAL CALORIES FROM ADDED SUGARS
- Easy to Exceed Recommended Amounts of Sugar
- Table 35 FOODS WITH ADDED SUGAR AS A PERCENT OF USDA RECOMMENDED 10
TEASPOON DAILY INTAKE
- Soft Drinks Are Worse Than Imagined
- U.S. Teens and Over Consumption
- Fructose
- The Food Industry Does Not Think Sugar Is a Problem
- THE BEVERAGE MARKETS
- Overview
- Total U.S. Nonalcoholic Cold Beverages: A Detailed Analysis
- Table 36 TOTAL U.S. SALES OF NONALCOHOLIC COLD BEVERAGES BY TYPE, THROUGH
2007 ($ BILLIONS)
- Carbonated Beverages
- Table 37 TOTAL RETAIL VOLUME OF CARBONATED BEVERAGES, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
- Figure 14 TOTAL RETAIL VOLUME OF CARBONATED BEVERAGES, 1999-2007 ($
BILLIONS)
- Low Prices
- Noncarbonated Beverages
- Table 38 TOTAL NONCARBONATED BEVERAGE RETAIL VOLUME, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
- Figure 15 TOTAL NONCARBONATED BEVERAGE RETAIL VOLUME, 1999-2007 ($
BILLIONS)
- Low Calorie Beverage Breakdown
- Table 39 BREAKDOWN OF TOTAL LOW CALORIE BEVERAGE RETAIL VOLUME, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
- Figure 16 BREAKDOWN OF TOTAL LOW CALORIE BEVERAGE RETAIL VOLUME, 1999-2007
($ BILLIONS)
- Low Calorie Carbonated Beverages
- Table 40 LOW CALORIE CARBONATED BEVERAGE RETAIL VOLUME, THROUGH 2007 ($
BILLIONS)
- Low Calorie Carbonated Beverages (Continued)
- Carbonated Company and Brand Shares
- Company Shares
- Table 41 SALES AND MARKET SHARES OF MAJOR CARBONATED BEVERAGE COMPANIES, 2002 ($ BILLIONS)
- Figure 17 MAJOR CARBONATED BEVERAGE COMPANY TOTAL MARKET SHARE, 2002 (%)
- Brand Share
- Table 42 RETAIL DOLLAR SALES AND BRAND SHARES FOR ALL CARBONATED
BEVERAGES, 2002
- New Beverage Products
- Carbonated Soft Drinks
- Coca-Cola
- Pepsi-Cola
- Noncarbonated Soft Drinks
- Table 43 CATEGORIES AND BRANDS OF NONCARBONATED BEVERAGES
- Red Bull
- Initial Avoidance by the Big Two
- A Change of Heart
- A New Approach to Water
- Acquisitions Build Noncarbonated Lines
- Waking Up the Giant
- MultiBenefits of a Pepsi Acquisition
- Names Used for Functional Beverages
- Meal Replacements
- Slim-Fast Vulnerability
- Snapple-a-Day
- Fortified Waters
- Two Companies Develop a New Sugar Free Product
- Coffees and Teas
- ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS
- Table 44 U.S. SALES OF ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
- Figure 18 U.S. SALES OF ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS, 1999-2007 ($ MILLIONS)
- Two Major Subsegments
- Table 45 U.S. SALES OF ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS BY SUBSEGMENTS, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
- Figure 19 U.S. SALES OF ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS BY SUBSEGMENTS, 1999-2007 ($
MILLIONS)
- Ingredient Subsegment
- Table 46 U.S. SALES OF ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS BY TYPE, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
- Figure 20 U.S. SALES OF ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS BY TYPE, 1999-2007 ($ MILLIONS)
- Table 47 U.S. BEVERAGE LAUNCHES USING LOW CALORIE SWEETENERS (1999 THROUGH
SEPTEMBER 2001)
- Ingredient Subsegment (Continued)
- Tabletop Market
- Table 48 U.S. RETAIL SALES OF TABLETOP ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
- Figure 21 U.S. RETAIL SALES OF TABLETOP ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS, 1999-2007
($ MILLIONS)
- Slow Entry of New Products into the U.S.
- Review of Each Type of Artificial Sweetener
- Saccharin
- Cyclamate
- Aspartame
- NutraSweet Co.
- Merisant
- Acesulfame-K (Ace-K: Acesulfame Potassium)
- Sucralose
- Neotame
- Tagatose
- Alitame
- Artificial Sweetener Companies
- Johnson & Johnson
- NutraSweet
- Merisant
INTERNATIONAL OUTLOOK
- OVERVIEW
- Table 49 INTERNATIONAL MARKETS FOR WEIGHT LOSS PRODUCTS AND SERVICES FOR
THE OBESE POPULATION, 2002
- DETAILED ANALYSIS
- ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: A KEY DETERMINANT
- DETAILED ANALYSIS
- Table 50 MARKET POTENTIAL BY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AREA, 2000
- Table 51 WORLDWIDE OBESITY AMONG ADULTS, 1995-2000 (MILLIONS)
- Figure 22 WORLDWIDE OBESITY AMONG ADULTS, 1995-2000 (MILLIONS)
- OBESITY GROWTH IS PROLIFIC
- COMPARISONS TO THE U.S.
- Overall Comparison
- Professional Ignorance
- Economic Costs of Obesity
- Health Consequences of Obesity and Morbidity
- Children
- Governmental and Professional Activities
- WHO
- Fatlink
- NUGENOB
- STATUS OF SPECIFIC REGIONS AND COUNTRIES
- Variations Between Countries and Cultures
- Table 52 INCIDENCE OF OBESITY IN SELECT COUNTRIES, 1999 (% OF ADULTS)
- America and the Caribbean
- Europe
- Germany
- Great Britain
- Norway
- Western Pacific Countries and China
- China
- Japan
- Other
- The Middle East
- Africa
- PRODUCT AND SERVICE SEGMENTS
- Supplements
- Pills
- Meal Replacements
- Slim-Fast
- Nutri Pharma and Royal Numico
- Foreign Countries' Marketing in the U.S.
- Opportunities for Soy
- Pharmaceuticals
- Early Expectations Not Met
- Weight Loss Centers
- Weight Watchers International
- Table 53 WEIGHT WATCHERS INTERNATIONAL REVENUE FROM MEETING FEES AND FRANCHISE COMMISSIONS, NORTH AMERICA VS. INTERNATIONAL, 1999-2002 ($ MILLIONS)
- Figure 23 WEIGHT WATCHERS INTERNATIONAL REVENUE FROM MEETING FEES AND
FRANCHISE COMMISSIONS, NORTH AMERICA VS. INTERNATIONAL ($ MILLIONS)
- Low Calorie Food (and Fat Replacers)
- Low Calorie Beverages (and Artificial Sweeteners)
- Table 54 HIGH-INTENSITY (ARTIFICIAL) SWEETENER CONSUMPTION FOR SELECT
AREAS, 1999
- Major Uses
- Promising New Markets
- U.S. Government Very Slow to Approve New Sweeteners
- Examples of U.S. Noncompetitiveness
- Saccharin
- Sucralose
- Ace-K
- International Agreements and Marketing
TECHNOLOGY
- THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY IN GENERAL
- HIGH COST OF ENTRY
- MAPPING OF THE HUMAN GENOME
- Quick Breakthroughs Not Likely
- Current Gene Therapy Reassessment
- Unpredictable Medical Research
- Solving Genetics' Effects
- MASSIVE R&D EXPENDITURES
- Lengthy Time and High Costs of New Drugs
- LEADING PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES
- Table 55 LEADING PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURERS BASED ON SALES AND
PRESCRIPTIONS, 1999
- Major Acquisition
- BIOTECH PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES
- Table 56 2002 ANNUAL SALES OF THE LARGEST BIOTECH COMPANIES AND THE ENTIRE
PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY ($ BILLIONS)
- What Biotech Needs
- FDA CONTROL
- FDA Clinical Testing
- Phase I
- Phase II
- Phase III
- New Drug Applications (NDAs)
- Fundamentals of NDA Submissions
- THE O/O AREA
- IMBALANCE OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL SEGMENT
- CURRENT O/O PRODUCTS IN FDA TESTING
- Table 57 NUMBER OF FDA DRUG TESTS BY COMPANY THAT INVOLVE NEW O/O AND OTHER PRODUCTS, FIRST QUARTER, 2002
- Figure 24 NUMBER OF FDA DRUG TESTS BY COMPANY THAT INVOLVE NEW O/O AND
OTHER PRODUCTS, FIRST QUARTER, 2002
- Brief Review of Each New Product by Company
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Aventis
- Schering-Plough
- Sanofi-Synthelabo
- Roche
- Amgen
- Supergen
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals
- BIOTECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT COMPANIES
- Table 58 SELECT GENOME TECHNOLOGY COMPANIES SALES AND ALLIANCES,
- MERCK ACQUIRES A COMPANY
- Merck Acquires a Company (Continued)
- PROPOSED AND RECENT RESEARCH
- A NEW AND DIFFERENT GENOME STUDY
- C75
- CORTICOTROPIN
- PYY
- PPARd
- ZONISAMIDE AND CNTF
- SIGNIFICANCE OF PATENTS RELATED TO O/O
- PATENTS BY COMPANY
- MERCK ACQUIRES A COMPANY
- Table 59 WEIGHT LOSS INDUSTRY PATENTS BY COMPANY, 1997-2002
- Table 59 (CONTINUED)
- NUMBER OF PATENTS BY YEAR
- Table 60 WEIGHT LOSS INDUSTRY PATENTS BY YEAR
- PATENTS BY FUNCTION
- Table 61 NUMBER OF PATENTS BY FUNCTION, 1997-2001
- NUMBER OF PATENTS TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES
- Table 62 NUMBER OF FOREIGN PATENTS BY COUNTRY
- BASIC SCIENCE PATENTS
- Table 63 NUMBER OF PATENTS ISSUED, 1997-2002
- Patents for Specific Food Products
- R&D EXPENDITURES BY THE WEIGHT LOSS INDUSTRY
- Table 64 ANNUAL R&D EXPENDITURES IN SELECT U.S. INDUSTRIES, 1997-2000 ($ MILLIONS)
CHANNELS OF DISTRIBUTION
- HIGHLIGHTS
- Table 65 RETAIL DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS FOR PRODUCT AND SERVICE SEGMENTS
- DETAILED REVIEW OF DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS
- INTRODUCTION
- Traditional vs. Nontraditional Channels
- DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL REVIEW
- General
- Distribution Efficiency
- Specific Retail Channels
- Food Retailers
- A Scenario
- Drug Stores
- INTRODUCTION
- DETAILED REVIEW OF DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS
- Table 66 SALES OF THE FIVE LARGEST DRUG CHAINS, 2001 ($ BILLIONS)
- Walgreens, One of a Kind
- Prescription Product to OTC
- Mass Merchandisers
- Table 67 TOP MASS MERCHANDISERS, SALES AND NUMBER OF STORES, 2001 ($
BILLIONS)
- Convenience Stores
- Fast Growth
- 7-Eleven
- Health and Nutrition Stores
- GNC
- GNC (Continued)
- Warehouse Stores
- Internet
- Weight Loss Center Utilization
- NutriSystem, Inc.
- EDiets
- Combined Retail Operation
- Internet Prescription Service
- A Controversial Method
- Catalog/Mail
- Pharmaceuticals: Enormous Challenges to Pill Counting
- Weight Loss Centers
- Multilevel Marketing
- The Negative Case
- The Positives
- The Leading Successful Companies
- Table 68 ANNUAL SALES OF LEADING MULTILEVEL COMPANIES, 2002 ($ BILLIONS)
- Avon
- Amway
- Mary Kay
- Herbalife International
- Table 69 MULTILEVEL MARKETING REPRESENTATIVES AND THE PRIMARY PRODUCT
CATEGORY THEY HANDLED, 1999
- DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS FOR EACH PRODUCT/SERVICE SEGMENT
- SUPPLEMENTS
- DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS FOR EACH PRODUCT/SERVICE SEGMENT
- Table 70 WEIGHT LOSS SUPPLEMENT SALES BY DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL, 2002 ($ MILLIONS)
- Table 70 (CONTINUED)
- Pills
- Meal Replacements
- PHARMACEUTICALS
- Table 71 PHARMACEUTICAL DISTRIBUTION METHODS, 2001
- Figure 25 PHARMACEUTICAL DISTRIBUTION METHODS, 2001 (%)
- Mail Order Prescription Services
- Internet Ordering
- WEIGHT LOSS CENTERS
- LOW CALORIE FOOD
- Table 72 DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS FOR U.S. RETAIL SALES OF LOW CALORIE FOOD,
2002 ($ BILLIONS)
- Supermarket Outlook
- LOW CALORIE BEVERAGES
- Independent Bottlers
GOVERNMENT ACTIVITIES AND REGULATIONS
- OVERVIEW
- POLICY ISSUES
- CONFLICTS OVER A NATIONAL FOOD POLICY
- O/O HAS NOT RECEIVED ATTENTION AT THE TOP
- MOMENTARY EXCITEMENT ABOUT PROPOSED LEGISLATION
- Proposed Legislation
- FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
- U.S. FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION (FDA)
- General
- O/O Products
- Memorandum of Understanding with the FTC
- Authority over Dietary Supplements
- Recent and Current FDA Controversies
- Pharmaceutical Advertising Control
- Names Can Be Dangerous
- Fresh Expectations: a New Commissioner
- FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION (FTC)
- General
- Weight Loss Industry Advertising
- U.S. FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION (FDA)
- Table 73 FREQUENTLY USED MISLEADING CLAIMS FOUND IN WEIGHT LOSS
ADVERTISING, 2002
- GNC
- NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH STATISTICS (U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES)
- ECONOMIC RESEARCH SERVICE (DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE)
- CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION (CDC - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES)
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES (NIDDK - (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HEALTH, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL SERVICES))
- HEALTH RESOURCES AND SERVICES ADMINISTRATION (HRSA - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL SERVICES)
- COMBINED HEALTH INFORMATION DATABASE (CHID)
- STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
- STATE ATTORNEYS AND FRAUDULENT WEIGHT LOSS SERVICES
- MANDATORY INFORMATION DISCLOSURE
- FALSE ADVERTISING AND FRAUD
- CONSUMER EDUCATION AND SKEPTICISM
- OTHER COALITIONS
- GOVERNMENT SPONSORED RESEARCH
FUTURE RESEARCH AREAS
- OVERVIEW
- A LACK OF KNOWLEDGE IS NOT DUE TO A LACK OF EFFORT
- WHAT IS SUCCESSFUL WEIGHT LOSS?
- DETAILED ANALYSIS
- WHAT IS NOT KNOWN
- THE UNKNOWNS
- Category A: Physical Science
- What results will flow from the various biochemical discoveries of how the brain and other body parts regulate appetite, digestion, and the like?
- Sanofi-Synthelabo-Rimonabant - Brain Chemistry to Reduce Appetite
- Hammersmith Hospital (London) And PYY3-36, A Natural Hormone For Appetite Suppression
- University of Washington and Ghrelin
- Leptin, A Natural Hormone for Appetite Suppression
- Other Research
- Difficulty in Comparing Plans
- Department of Agriculture Food Guide Pyramid: The Five Basic Food Groups
- The Pyramid and the Sensible Medical Diets
- Is Current Scientific Knowledge of the Human Appetite and Digestive Process Accurate, and is Knowledge of Diseases Related to These Processes Accurate?
- Basic Body Biochemistry
- Many Disciplines Involved
- Sustained Weight Loss
- Binge Eating Disorders
- Personality
- Genetic and Environmental Factors
- Are Dietary Supplements Safe and Effective?
- Are Dietary Supplements Safe and Effective? (Continued)
- Are Dietary Supplements Safe and Effective? (Continued)
- Can Discoveries for Treating O/O Pertaining to One Racial Group, Or Some Other Demographic Segment, Be Applied to All?
- Will the Use of Biotech Agriculture be a Future Tool for Combating O/O?
- Category B: Motivation
- Why Are Some Individuals Successful at Keeping Weight Off After Losing It?
- It Is Not a Secret
- It Is Not a Secret (Continued)
- Category C: Science and Motivation
- What is the Best Way to Halt the O/O Epidemic Among Children?
- A Major Problem
- The Most Important Action Is Close by
- Everyone Can Be Blamed
- Can Scientists Find A Way to Reduce Patients' Unrealistic Weight Loss Expectations?
- High Expectations
- What Can Be Done By Physicians or Other Counselors to Change Unrealistic Expectations?
- Category D: Organization
- Several States and School Districts Have Banned High Calorie Foods and Beverages in Schools. Will The Rest of the Country Follow?
- Regulations Are Weak
- Can Society Develop Large-Scale Learning and Motivational Programs That Will Encourage Citizens to Participate in Weight Loss Programs?
- Leadership Needed
- Behavior Change Counseling
- Will a Majority of the Food Industry Self-Regulate to Help the Nation Defeat O/O?
- Healthier Snacks
- The Food Industry Should Not Take All the Blame
- Yet the Food Industry is not Blameless
- Can it be Documented That Spending for Weight Loss Reduction Saves Money?
- Can it be Documented That Spending for Weightc(Continued)
- INTRODUCTION
- WHERE WE ARE
- Obesity is Now a Disease
- Losing Weight is not Simple
- A Worldwide Problem
- The Entire Family is Likely to Be Obese
- WHERE WE MIGHT BE GOING
- Pill Supplements
- Pharmaceutical
- Can the Priority be Increased?
- Move Technology Along or Wait?
- Role of Genetics
- Statistical Approach Can Change the Odds
- Educate More Physicians
- Weight Loss Centers
- Internet Potential
- Food and Beverages
- Low Calorie Foods
- Fat Substitutes
- The Industry Needs Activists
- Restaurants
- Change at McDonald's
- Food Retailers
- Using the Food Label
- Exercise
- Children and the Teenage Market
- The Family
- Help Boomers Get and Stay Fit
- Public Relations Input
- International Opportunities
- Psychological Elements
- Changing Mind and Behavior
- A Major Lifestyle Change
- Sam Support is Critical ple
- Lack of Patient Motivation
- Not Everyone is a Candidate for Behavior Change
- Motivation Prior to Behavior Change
- A Psychological Approach to Weight Loss
- WHERE WE ARE
APPENDIX
- REFERENCES
- REFERENCES (CONTINUED)
- REFERENCES (CONTINUED)
- CONTACTS
- CONTACTS (CONTINUED)












