Abstract
Introduction
Deregulation and privatisation are now reaching a stage at which it is possible to discern some patterns and factors emerging. This can now be based on experience rather than hypothesis and predictions can be made for the future. Some of the outcomes of liberalisation are good and some are not, liberalisation has advocates and critics.
Liberalisation has proceeded at varying paces in different regions and countries, the most systematic regional development being in the EU. The EU Commission has monitored the situation closely and detected infringements and failings which have been reported in detail. Some of these have been serious and some of the big players will be the subject of legal actions. These experiences provide a useful guideline to all countries planning their own systems of liberalisation Market opening is leading to a greater convergence between gas and electricity and in some countries electricity utilities are increasingly active in gas markets and vice versa. Many lessons are being learned. Early forays into new business are being reversed and companies are now withdrawing from non-core business, both in terms of market segment and geographical region.
Outline of the report
- This is the 6th edition of the ABS Electricity Deregulation Report
- The report outlines the status of market liberalisation and privatisation in all countries and summarises this in a table compiled from a global survey
- The report discusses a number of important issues such as;
- The size of the national market
- Market concentration
- The effect of inadequate unbundling
- The extent of reintegration into vertically integrated organisations to compensate for a lack of market liquidity
- The need for effective TPA
- The reality of active choice as against its theoretical extent
- The need for spot market liquidity
Table of Contents
Table of Figures
Table of Tables
1. Executive Summary
- Europe
- CIS
- North America and Australia
- Asia
- South America
- Middle East
- Africa
2. World Survey of Privatisation and Deregulation, October 2007
3. Europe
- Overview
- European energy exchanges
- NordPool
- European Energy Exchange (EEX)
- UK Power Exchange (UK PX)
- Amsterdam Power Exchange (APX)
- Powernext
- Spanish Pool
- Energy Exchange Austria (EXAA)
- Austria
- EC complaints, February 2006
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- The Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Labour
- Electricity-Control Ltd. (ECL)
- Electricity Control Commission
- Third party access
- Customer behaviour
- Pressure on network tariffs
- New suppliers
- Foreign investors
- Structure of the ESI
- Belgium
- EC complaints, February 2006
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Retail market opening
- High voltage grid connections
- Distribution connections
- Flanders
- Wallonia
- Brussels
- Regulators
- Federal authority
- Electricity and Gas Regulatory Committee (CREG)
- Regional authorities
- Structure of the ESI
- Third party access
- Customer behaviour
- TSO
- France
- EC complaints, February 2006
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Regulator
- Retail market opening
- Reciprocity
- Power Exchange
- Third party access
- Customer behaviour
- Structure of the ESI
- TSO
- Germany
- EC complaints, February 2006
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- Structure of the ESI
- Third party access
- Verbandervereinbarung and network access
- Customer behaviour
- Integration of Eastern Germany
- German investment overseas
- Power exchanges
- Greece
- EC complaints, February 2006
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Unbundling
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- Third party access
- Customer behaviour
- Structure of the ESI
- TSO
- Ireland
- EC complaints, February 2006
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- Third party access
- Customer behaviour
- Structure of the ESI
- TSO
- Italy
- EC complaints, February 2006
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- Structure of the ESI
- New entrants
- TSO
- GME Electric Market Manager
- Third party access
- Customer behaviour
- Foreign investment
- Luxembourg
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- Structure of the ESI
- Third party access
- Customer behaviour
- Netherlands
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- Structure of the ESI
- Tennet is the transmission operator
- Distribution
- Power exchange
- Third party access
- Customer behaviour
- Portugal
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- Integrated Iberian electricity market
- Structure of the ESI
- Transmission and distribution
- Third party access
- Customer behaviour
- Investment abroad
- Spain
- EC complaints, February 2006
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- Competition
- Reciprocity
- Integrated Iberian electricity market
- Third party access
- Customer behaviour
- Structure of the ESI
- Potential mergers
- TSO
- Foreign investment
- Stranded costs
- Spanish Pool
- Switzerland
- Privatisation
- Liberalisation
- Regulation
- Retail market opening
- Network access
- Regulator
- Structure of the ESI
- United Kingdom
- EC complaints, February 2006
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- The Pool
- NETA
- BETTA and the GB Market
- Third party access
- Customer behaviour
- Structure of the ESI
- TSO
- Nordic Countries
- (EU 3, plus Norway, Iceland)
- The Nordel Market
- Denmark
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- System operator
- Third party access
- Customer behaviour
- Structure of the ESI
- TSO
- Finland
- EC complaints, February 2006
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- Third party access
- Customer behaviour
- Structure of the ESI
- TSO
- Power exchange
- Iceland
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- Structure of the ESI
- Norway
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- Third party access
- Customer behaviour
- Structure of the ESI
- Power exchange
- Sweden
- EC complaints, February 2006
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- Third party access
- Customer behaviour
- Structure of the ESI
- TSO
- Nordpool
- The physical market
- The financial power market
4. EU 10 Accession States and Candidate Countries
- The Central European Countries (CEC)
- The Baltic countries
- South Eastern Europe (SEE)
- CENTREL Countries
- Czech Republic
- EC complaints, February 2006
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- Third party access
- Customer behaviour
- Price regulation
- Structure of the ESI
- Hungary
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- Price regulation
- Third party access
- Customer behaviour
- Initial problems faced by Hungary
- Structure of the ESI
- Poland
- EC complaints, February 2006
- Privatisation
- Consolidation, reaction against unbundling
- Deregulation
- Market opening
- Price regulation
- Regulator
- Third party access
- Customer behaviour
- Polish Power Exchange
- Structure of the ESI
- Foreign investors
- TSO
- Slovakia
- EC complaints, February 2006
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- Third party access
- Customer behaviour
- Structure of the ESI
- TSO
- Slovenia
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Retail market opening
- Price regulation
- Third party access
- Customer behaviour
- Structure of the ESI
- Nuclear power
- Common Baltic Energy Market
- Estonia
- EC complaints, February 2006
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- Customer behaviour
- Structure of the ESI
- Latvia
- EC complaints, February 2006
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- Third party access
- Customer behaviour
- Structure of the ESI
- Lithuania
- EC complaints, February 2006
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- Third party access
- Customer behaviour
- Structure of the electricity sector
- South East Europe (Balkans)
- Competitive energy market in the Balkans
- Albania
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- Price regulation
- Third party access
- Structure of the ESI
- TSO
- Bosnia Herzogovina
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Unbundling
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- Third party access
- Customer behaviour
- Structure of the ESI
- Bulgaria
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- Price regulation
- Power pool
- Third party access
- Customer behaviour
- Structure of the ESI
- Croatia
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- Price regulation
- Third party access
- Customer behaviour
- Structure of the ESI
- Macedonia
- Privatisation
- Unbundling
- Deregulation
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- Price regulation
- Third party access
- Customer behaviour
- Structure of the electricity sector
- Romania
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- Price regulation
- Wholesale market model
- Third party access
- Customer behaviour
- Structure of the electricity sector
- Serbia Montenegro
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- Third party access
- Customer behaviour
- Structure of the ESI
- Turkey
- ESI
- Turkish Electricity Trading and Contracting Company
- Price regulation
- Regulator
- UNMIK Kosovo
- Regulator
- Mediterranean Islands
- Cyprus
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- TSO
- Regulator
- Malta
- Regulator
- Prices
- Network Code
5. CIS
- Armenia
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- Price regulation
- Buyer model
- Structure of the ESI
- International electricity trade
- Azerbaijan
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- Price regulation
- Structure of the ESI
- International electricity trade
- Belarus
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- Price regulation
- Structure of the ESI
- Georgia
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- Georgian wholesale electricity market
- Regulator and prices
- Structure of the ESI
- International electricity trade
- Kazakhstan
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- Wholesale market
- Price regulation
- Structure of the ESI
- International electricity trade
- Kyrgyzstan
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Central dispatch and market operation
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- Price regulation
- Structure of the ESI
- International electricity trade
- Moldova
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Transmission and dispatch
- Distribution
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- Price regulation
- Structure of the ESI
- Russia
- Privatisation
- Privatisation of oil
- Reform of the Russian ESI in preparation for privatisation
- Structure
- Infrastructure companies
- Generation companies
- Retail companies
- Timetable
- Progress
- Restructuring of Energos
- Re-organisation of Energos
- Market liberalisation
- Regulator
- Price regulation
- Market mechanism
- Retail market opening
- Structure of the ESI
- The nuclear sector
- International trade
- Foreign investment
- Tajikistan
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- Price regulation
- Structure of the ESI
- Turkmenistan
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- Price regulation
- Structure of the ESI
- Ukraine
- Economic decline
- Industry structure
- Privatisation
- Generators
- Distribution companies
- Deregulation
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- Wholesale electricity market
- TSO
- Foreign investment
- Uzbekistan
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Regulator
- Structure of the ESI
6. East Asia
- Japan
- Energy
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Market opening
- Wholesale market
- Regulator
- Structure of the ESI
- Korea - South
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Division of distribution retail sector
- Opening the two way bidding pool
- Opening of TWBP in 2004
- IT installation for the electricity market structure
- Market opening plan
- Phase 1 (2002) - Generation competition
- Phase 2 (2003 - 2008) - Wholesale competition
- Phase 3 (2009 onwards) - Retail competition
- Regulator
- Mongolia
- Power sector restructuring
- Regulator
- Taiwan, ROC
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- Structure of the ESI
- China, PRC
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Growth of FDI in China
- IPPs
- Retail market opening
- Price regulation
- Regulator
- Structure of the ESI
- Restructuring
- Generation
- Transmission Networks
- Oversupply versus demand
- Hong Kong, SAR
- ASEAN
- Ownership of the electricity industry in ASEAN, Government and Private
- Cambodia
- Regulator
- Indonesia
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Market opening
- Regulator
- Price regulation
- The IPP crisis
- Structure of the ESI
- Laos
- Malaysia
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- Structure of the ESI
- Philippines
- Deregulation
- Unbundling and privatisation
- Cap on generating assets
- MERALCO
- IPPs
- TSO
- Open network access
- Market opening
- Price regulation and Energy Regulatory Board
- Nuclear
- Regulator
- Singapore
- Milestones in Restructuring
- 1 October 1995, Corporatisation of Electricity and Piped Gas
- 1 April 1998, Formation of Singapore Electricity Pool
- 11 March 2000, Further Deregulation of Electricity Industry
- 1 April 2001, Formation of Energy Market Authority
- 1 April 2001, Divestment of Generation Companies
- 1 January 2003, New Electricity Wholesale Market
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Competitive wholesale trading
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- Thailand
- Reform of the energy sector in Thailand
- Previous ESI reform
- Current privatisation
- EGAT privatisation failure
- Current bids for capacity
- Deregulation
- Retail market opening
- Regulator
- Vietnam
- Re-structuring of the ESI
- Step 1: Period 2001 - 2005
- Production
- Transmission
- Distribution
- Step 2: Period 2006 - 2010
- Step 3: Period after 2010
- Structure of the ESI
- Privatisation
- Price regulation
- South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
- India
- Privatisation
- Private companies move into transmission
- IPPs and SEBs
- Dabhol
- Reform and deregulation
- Common Minimum National Action Plan for Power
- Other reforms in states
- Market opening and price regulation
- Central government regulator
- Electricity Regulatory Commissions
- Structure of the ESI
- New players in distribution
- National grid
- Pakistan
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Market opening
- Regulator
- Price regulation
- Structure of the ESI
- ESI restructuring
- Power theft
- IPP disputes
- Bangladesh
- Privatisation and unbundling
- IPPs
- Deregulation
- Market opening and price regulation
- Structure of the ESI
- Regulator
- Sri Lanka
- Reform and privatisation
- Structure of the ESI
- Regulator
- Nepal
- Government institutions for private investment
- Electricity Development Centre (EDC)
- Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA)
- Price regulation
- Private investment in hydropower generation
- Projects offered for private investment
- Rural electrification and renewables
- Bhutan
- Maldives
7. Pacific
- Australia
- Structure of the ESI
- Introduction of competition
- Unbundling of ESI functions
- Retail supply - two tier system
- Reorganisation of the electricity market
- The wholesale market
- The retail market
- Separation of network charges
- Privatisation of electricity businesses in some states
- Formalisation of ESI regulation
- Regulators
- ESI models - variation between states
- New Zealand
- Timeline
- Regulator
- Distribution and regulation
- TSO
- Generation
8. North America
- Canada
- Structure of the Canadian ESI
- Restructuring the ESI
- Source: Canadian Electricity Association
- Privatisation
- The ESI and deregulation in each province
- Alberta
- The restructured Alberta market
- Price caps
- British Columbia
- Restructuring initiatives
- Competition
- Manitoba
- Market structure and regulation
- Wholesale
- New Brunswick
- Network access
- Regulation
- Newfoundland
- Regulation
- Northwest Territories
- Nova Scotia
- Regulation
- Ontario
- The markets
- Regulation and prices
- Distribution
- Prince Edward Island
- Regulation
- Québec
- Inter-provincial trade
- International trade
- Market structure and regulation
- Saskatchewan
- Regulation
- Networks
- Yukon
- Regulation
- Future developments and public reaction
- United States
- The ESI in the United States
- Institutional structure of the federal ESI regulatory frame work
- Regulatory Framework
- Success or failure?
- States in which retail access is currently available
- States allowing limited access
- States which are not actively pursuing restructuring
- States which have delayed the restructuring process or the implementation of retail access
- State that has extended residential access to 2027
- California is the only state which has suspended direct retail access
- Pennsylvania
- Divestiture of generating assets
- RTOs (Regional Transmission Organisations)
- Standard Market Design and Structure (SMD)
- Competition
9. South America
- Regional Energy Sector Integration
- Comision de Integracion Electrica Regional (CIER)
- Argentina
- Energy crisis in 2004
- Deregulation and privatisation
- Prior to the initial sale
- The initial sale
- After the initial sale
- Privatised federal enterprises
- SEGBA
- AYEE
- Hidronor
- Provincial enterprises
- Bi-national enterprises
- Yacyreta
- Retail market opening
- Structure of the ESI
- Network access
- Dispatch and pricing
- Price regulation
- Regulator
- Power markets
- Lower prices and increased reliability
- Increased productivity, efficiency and investment
- Reliability increases
- Nuclear power sector
- Bolivia
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Wholesale market
- TSO and ISO
- Regulator
- Prices
- Competition
- Structure of the ESI
- Brazil
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Eligible consumers
- Structure of the ESI
- Restructuring of the ESI
- TSO
- Regulator
- Wholesale electricity market
- Market mechanism
- Tariffs
- Other players
- Independent large consumers
- Independent producers
- Sellers
- Carbon credit market
- Chile
- Privatisation
- Structure of the ESI
- Economic Dispatching Centre (CDEC)
- Regulator
- Price regulation
- Market power
- Colombia
- Privatisation
- Deregulation
- Structure of the ESI
- Regulator
- Wholesale electricity market
- Ecuador
- Structure of the ESI
- Abolition of power subsidies
- Regulator
- Price regulation
- Privatisation
- Market mechanisms
- Guyana
- Regulator
- Paraguay
- Structure of the ESI
- Regulator
- Deregulation
- Peru
- Structure of the ESI
- Privatisation
- Regulator
- Price regulation
- Spot market
- Uruguay
- Market liberalisation and the ESI
- Load dispatch system
- Regulator
- Price regulation
- Wholesale electricity market
- Venezuela
- Structure of the ESI
- Privatisation
- Regulator
- Price regulation
10. Central America
- Mexico
- Structure of the ESI and privatisation
- Price regulation
- Regulator
- Market mechanisms
- The Northern Triangle of Central America
- Belize
- Regulator
- Market
- Price regulation
- Costa Rica
- Regulator
- Price regulation
- El Salvador
- Wholesale electricity market
- Regulator
- Price regulation
- Guatemala
- Structure of the ESI and privatisation
- Wholesale market
- Regulator
- Price regulation
- Honduras
- Market
- Regulatory bodies
- Nicaragua
- Structure of the ESI and privatisation
- Third party access
- Regulators
- Price regulation
- Panama
- Structure of the ESI and privatisation
- Wholesale market
- Regulator
- Price regulation
- Caribbean
- Price regulation
- Bahamas
- Regulator
- Barbados
- Regulator
- Bermuda
- The Dominican Republic
- Market
- Regulator
- Jamaica
- Regulator
- Cuba
- Puerto Rico
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Regulator
- US Virgin Islands
- Regulator
11. Middle East
- Restructuring and Privatisation in Arab Electric Utilities
- Gulf Co-operation Council Power Grid Authority
- Price regulation
- Privatisation
- Bahrain
- Prices
- Iran
- Electrical sector
- IPP
- Market
- Iraq
- Israel
- Privatisation
- IPPs
- Regulator
- Jordan
- Unbundling
- Privatisation
- Regulator
- Kuwait
- Lebanon
- Oman
- Privatisation
- IPPs
- Regulator
- Palestine
- Qatar
- Saudi Arabia
- Prices
- IPP
- Regulator
- Syria
- United Arab Emirates
- Abu Dhabi (UAE)
- Private power companies
- Regulator
- Dubai (UAE)
- Yemen
12. Africa
- Price regulation
- Privatisation
- North Africa - Mahgreb
- Algeria
- Structure of the ESI and privatisation
- Market
- Regulator
- Egypt
- Privatisation of the ESI
- Market
- Regulator
- Libya
- Mauritania
- Regulator
- Morocco
- Structure of the ESI and privatisation
- Deregulation
- Market
- Tariffs
- Regulator
- Sudan
- Tunisia
- Structure of the ESI and privatisation
- Regulator
- East Africa - Great Lakes Region
- Burundi
- Ethiopia
- Kenya
- IPPs
- Market
- Price regulation
- Regulator
- Mauritius
- Power sector reforms
- Rwanda
- Regulator
- Tanzania
- IPPs
- Privatisation
- Uganda
- Unbundling
- Regulator
- Central Africa
- Cameroon
- Privatisation
- Regulator
- Prices
- Central African Republic
- Chad
- Congo, Republic
- Gabon
- Guinea Equatorial
- West Africa
- Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
- Benin
- Burkina Faso
- Cape Verde
- Regulator
- Cote d' Ivoire
- Privatisation in the ESI
- Market
- Regulator
- Gambia
- Ghana
- Reform and privatisation
- Market
- Prices
- Regulator
- Guinea
- Guinea-Bissau
- Liberia
- Mali
- Regulator
- Niger
- Regulator
- Nigeria
- Power sector reform
- Regulator
- Senegal
- Privatisation
- Market
- Regulator
- Sierra Leone
- Togo
- Regulator
- South African Development Community (SADC)
- South African Power Pool (SAPP)
- South Africa
- Privatisation
- IPPs
- Regulator
- International power pool SAPP
- Angola
- Botswana
- Democratic Republic of Congo
- Lesotho
- Privatisation
- Madagascar
- Malawi
- Mozambique
- Regulator
- Namibia
- Regulator
- Swaziland
- Regulator
- Zambia
- Regulator
- Zimbabwe
13. Glossary
Table of Figures
- Figure 3.1: Major electricity exchanges in Europe
- Figure 8.1: Status of market restructuring in Canada, 2005
- Figure 8.2: State of electricity market deregulation in the US
- Figure 9.1: Countries in Latin America with power markets
Table of Tables
- Table 3.1: The extent of market opening in the EU and neighbouring countries, May 2006
- Table 3.2: The extent of market opening in the EU and neighbouring countries, October 2007
- Table 3.3: ESI characteristics in Austria
- Table 3.4: ESI characteristics in Belgium
- Table 3.5: ESI characteristics in France
- Table 3.6: Market generation shares of the four leaders
- Table 3.7: ESI characteristics in Germany
- Table 3.8: ESI characteristics in Greece
- Table 3.9: ESI characteristics in Ireland
- Table 3.10: Progress of retail market opening
- Table 3.11: ESI characteristics in Italy
- Table 3.12: ESI characteristics in Luxembourg
- Table 3.13: ESI characteristics in Netherlands
- Table 3.14: ESI characteristics in Portugal
- Table 3.15: ESI characteristics in Spain
- Table 3.16: ESI characteristics in Switzerland
- Table 3.17: ESI characteristics in the UK
- Table 3.18: ESI characteristics in Denmark
- Table 3.19: ESI characteristics in Finland
- Table 3.20: ESI characteristics in Iceland
- Table 3.21: ESI characteristics in Norway
- Table 3.22: ESI characteristics in Sweden
- Table 3.23: History of Nordpool
- Table 4.1: ESI characteristics in Czech Republic
- Table 4.2: ESI characteristics in Hungary
- Table 4.3: ESI characteristics in Poland
- Table 4.4: ESI characteristics in Slovakia
- Table 4.5: ESI characteristics in Slovenia
- Table 4.6: ESI characteristics in Estonia
- Table 4.7: ESI characteristics in Latvia
- Table 4.8: ESI characteristics in Lithuania
- Table 4.9: ESI characteristics in Albania
- Table 4.10: ESI characteristics in Bosnia Herzegovina
- Table 4.11: ESI characteristics in Bulgaria
- Table 4.12: ESI characteristics in Croatia
- Table 4.13: ESI characteristics in Macedonia
- Table 4.14: ESI characteristics in Romania
- Table 4.15: ESI characteristics in Serbia Montenegro
- Table 4.16: ESI characteristics in Turkey
- Table 4.17: ESI characteristics in UNMIK Kosovo
- Table 4.18: ESI characteristics in Cyprus
- Table 4.19: ESI characteristics in Malta
- Table 5.1: ESI characteristics in Armenia
- Table 5.2: ESI characteristics in Azerbaijan
- Table 5.3: ESI characteristics in Belarus
- Table 5.4: ESI characteristics in Georgia
- Table 5.5: ESI characteristics in Kazakhstan
- Table 5.6: ESI characteristics in Kyrgyzstan
- Table 5.7: ESI characteristics in Moldova
- Table 5.8: ESI characteristics in Russia
- Table 5.9: RAO UESR ownership of Energos
- Table 5.10: Output of the ten largest energos, RAO UESR Federal Plants and Nuclear (2003)
- Table 5.11: ESI characteristics in Tajikstan
- Table 5.12: ESI characteristics in Turkmenistan
- Table 5.13: Electricity generation companies in Ukraine
- Table 5.14: Electricity distribution companies in Ukraine
- Table 5.15: ESI characteristics in Ukraine
- Table 5.16: ESI characteristics in Uzbekistan
- Table 6.1: ESI characteristics in Japan
- Table 6.2: ESI characteristics in South Korea
- Table 6.3: ESI characteristics in Mongolia
- Table 6.4: ESI characteristics in Taiwan
- Table 6.5: ESI characteristics in China
- Table 6.6: ESI characteristics in Indonesia
- Table 6.7: ESI characteristics in Malaysia
- Table 6.8: ESI characteristics in the Philippines
- Table 6.9: Retail market opening by stage
- Table 6.10: ESI characteristics in Thailand
- Table 6.11: ESI characteristics in Vietnam
- Table 6.12: ESI characteristics in India
- Table 6.13: ESI characteristics in Pakistan
- Table 7.1: ESI characteristics in Australia
- Table 7.2: ESI characteristics in New Zealand
- Table 8.1: ESI characteristics in Canada
- Table 8.2: ESI characteristics in the United States
- Table 9.1: ESI characteristics in Argentina
- Table 9.2: ESI characteristics in Bolivia
- Table 9.3: ESI characteristics in Brazil
- Table 9.4: ESI characteristics in Chile
- Table 9.5: ESI characteristics in Columbia
- Table 9.6: ESI characteristics in Ecuador
- Table 9.7: ESI characteristics in Peru
- Table 9.8: ESI characteristics in Uruguay
- Table 9.9: ESI characteristics in Venezuela
- Table 10.1: ESI characteristics in Mexico
- Table 10.2: ESI characteristics in Costa Rica
- Table 10.3: ESI characteristics in El Salvador
- Table 10.4: ESI characteristics in Guatemala
- Table 10.5: ESI characteristics in Honduras
- Table 10.6: ESI characteristics in Nicaragua
- Table 10.7: ESI characteristics in Panama
- Table 10.8: ESI characteristics in The Dominican Republic
- Table 11.1: ESI characteristics in Iran
- Table 11.2: ESI characteristics in Saudi Arabia
- Table 12.1: ESI characteristics in Algeria
- Table 12.2: ESI characteristics in Egypt
- Table 12.3: ESI characteristics in Morocco
- Table 12.4: ESI characteristics of South Africa
