北歐地區藥品市場發展前景

北歐地區藥品市場發展前景 是由出版商Espicom Business Intelligence在Issues / Year: 4所出版的。 這份英文資訊服務價格從美金3630起跳。

簡介

目錄

Abstract

Description

The Northern European countries are projected to represent a combined pharmaceutical market value of over US$26 billion at retail prices by 2016.

The seven Northern European pharmaceutical markets are diverse, from the stable well-developed markets of Scandinavia to the less well-funded healthcare systems of the Baltic States. The economic downturn has impacted these pharmaceutical markets but opportunities still exist. Sweden, for instance, became the interest of many pharmacy chains following the deregulation of the pharmacy monopoly.

THESE REPORTS ANALYSE THE ISSUES

The Outlook for Pharmaceutical Markets in Northern Europe is a unique collection of management reports from Espicom Business Intelligence. Each report provides individual and highly-detailed analysis of each market, looking at key regulatory, political, economic and corporate developments in the wider context of market structure, service and access. The reports are available individually, or as a discounted collection, and prices include four completely updated reports sent quarterly, together with a comprehensive statistical appendix. There are over 60 markets covered in the worldwide series.

HIGHLIGHTS FROM THE REGION

DENMARK

Denmark suffered a deep recession in 2008 and 2009, but economic recovery is strengthening. Strong growth in hospital prescribing suggests an increase in new therapies being utilised there, while modest growth in the primary sector is indicative of a steady consumption of pharmaceuticals in general. The increasing pharmaceutical expenditure has led to price freezes and caps in recent years. A price ceiling has been extended to remain in place until the end of 2011. This extension is a sign of the government's determination to keep the price of pharmaceuticals down. However, savings from cost-containment measures have been more than counterbalanced by the wider use of new and expensive pharmaceuticals. There is strong domestic production, although many producers focus on the export market, and therefore many pharmaceutical imports are in retail-ready packages.

FINLAND

Finland was hit hard by the global economic downturn, but GDP growth resumed in 2010. The country has one of the largest proportions of population over the age of 65 in Western Europe, and so healthcare is increasingly focused on preventative care. A reference price system has been introduced in an effort to reduce rising healthcare costs. It is hoped that the new system will reduce the use of expensive medicinal products, thus lowering the costs for patients and reducing the pressure to raise health insurance payments. There are three leading domestic producers in Finland; Orion, Verman and Vitabalans. Multinational companies Bayer and Santen also have production facilities in Finland. The top ten pharmaceutical companies in Finland had combined sales of over 1.0 billion euros at wholesale prices in 2010. The leading company was Orion, with a market share of nearly 10.0%.

LITHUANIA

Lithuania is the largest of the three Baltic states, with an estimated population of 3.2 million in 2011. The country was hit particularly hard by the global economic crisis, but growth in the Lithuanian pharmaceutical market will pick up as the economy continues to recover and imports strengthen. Funding for healthcare is principally through the Compulsory Health Insurance Fund. Private expenditure has increased in recent years and is equal to 27.2% of total spending in 2011. A large proportion of the pharmaceutical market is supplied by imports. Generics represent around two thirds of the market in terms of volume. Sales of generics could increase in the future if the government goes ahead with plans to make generic drugs at least 30% cheaper than their branded equivalents. Lithuania also boasts one of the most significant biotechnology industries in the region.

NORWAY

The economic downturn was far less pronounced in Norway than in most other European countries. The introduction of international reference pricing has had a moderating effect on pharmaceutical price levels, and a step-price system for off-patent drugs has ensured that prices for all generics have fallen. All of the major international pharmaceutical companies are represented in Norway, with the leading companies focusing on generic production. Biotech companies are also emerging in increasing numbers. Due to the small scale of domestic production, any increases in demand are likely to be met by imports. Since the introduction of generic substitution, generic drugs have been able to gain an increasing share of the market.

SWEDEN

Sweden has the largest pharmaceutical market in the region. The country was deeply affected by the global economic downturn, but is recovering well. Sweden has an advanced healthcare system that is partially privately funded. The pharmacy monopoly has been deregulated, with the introduction of independent pharmacies. Apoteket AB has remained a key competitor in the market, with around a third of pharmacies remaining under state ownership. Other leading pharmacy chains include Apotek Hjartat and Kronans Droghandel. Pfizer and AstraZeneca are established in the pharmaceutical market and have major manufacturing operations in Sweden. There are a number of small biologic companies in Sweden, as well as several multinationals which engage in biopharmaceutical R&D and production. The strength of R&D in Sweden bodes well for the future of the biotechnology industry.

Table of Contents

DENMARK

BACKGROUND DATA

• GEOGRAPHY
• POLITICAL OVERVIEW
• ECONOMIC OVERVIEW
  • Gross Domestic Product, 2007-2012
• POPULATION
  • Population Trends, 2005-2007
  • Population by Region & Gender, 2006
  • Population by Age & Gender, 2006
  • DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS
  • Demographic Indicators, 2000-2006
• MORTALITY
  • Causes of Death, 2005
• MORBIDITY
• Cancer Incidence
  • Most Common Types of Cancer Among Male (New Cases), 2003
  • Most Common Types of Cancer Among Female (New Cases), 2003
• HIV / AIDS
  • Diagnosed Cases of AIDS, 1999-2005
  • HIV Cases by mode of transmission, 2000-2005

CHARTS

• Map of Denmark
• Population by Age, 2006 (%)
• Causes of Death, 2005 (%)

HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

• ORGANISATION & ADMINISTRATION
• HEALTH EXPENDITURE
• HOSPITAL SERVICES
• Hospital Resources
  • Hospitals by Type, 2004
  • Hospitals by Region, 2004
  • Hospital Beds by Region, 1993-2004
  • Hospital Beds by Specialty, 2004
  • Hospital Beds by Specialty, 1996-2000
  • Hospital activity by Year, 2000-2005
  • Hospital Activity Summary by ICD-10 Classification and Year, 2002-2005
  • Hospital Patients, 2003-2005
  • Hospital Admissions, 2003-2005
  • Average length of Stay, 2002-2003
• Private Hospitals
• AMBULATORY CARE
  • Outpatient Activity by Region, 2002-2004
  • Outpatient Activity by Specialty, 2002-2004
• MEDICAL PERSONNEL
  • Persons Employed in the Hospital Sector, 1995-2004
  • Primary Sector Medical Personnel, 1990-1999

CHARTS

• Central Government Expenditure on Health, 2001-2005

ACCESSING THE PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET

• INTRODUCTION
• REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT
  • Centralised Procedure
  • The EMEA
  • Mutual Recognition Procedure
• Pharmaceutical Registration
  • Clinical Trials
• Advertising
• Patent Protection & Intellectual Property Rights
  • Supplementary Protection Certificates
• Pricing and Reimbursement
  • Pricing
  • Price Index
  • The Price List of Proprietary Medicinal Products
  • DKMAnet Prices and Packages
  • Generic substitution
  • Reimbursement
• Relationship Between Annual Consumption and Pharmaceutical Reimbursement, 2007

• DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS
  • Pharmacies, 1990 - 2004
• Distributors
  • Amgros
  • Dupharma
  • Missionpharma
• Parallel Imports
• DOMESTIC PRODUCTION
  • Domestic Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Turnover, 2001-2006
• Trade Associations
• Domestic Producers
  • ALK-Abelló
  • Genmab A/S
  • Hexal A/S
  • Leo Pharma
  • Lundbeck A/S
  • Novo Nordisk
  • PharmaDanica
  • Pharmexa
• Research & Development
  • Pharmaceutical Research & Development Expenditure by Lif's Member Companies, 1990-2000 (DKr Million)
• DIRECTORY
• Government Organisations
• Trade Associations

ESTONIA

BACKGROUND DATA

• GEOGRAPHY
• POLITICAL OVERVIEW
• ECONOMIC OVERVIEW
  • Economic Indicators, 2004-2011
• POPULATION
  • Population, 1990-2006
  • Population by County, 2000-2006
  • Population by Age, 2000-2006 (%)
• DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS
  • Principal Demographic Indicators, 1997-2005
• MORTALITY
  • Causes of Death, 1999-2005
  • Causes of Death, 2005
  • Infant Mortality by Sex and Place of Residence, 2001-2005
  • Infant Mortality by Cause, 2003
• MORBIDITY
  • Selected Notified Infectious Diseases, 1995-2001 (Per 100,000 Population)
    • Tuberculosis
  • Tuberculosis Cases, 1990-2004
    • Cancer
  • New Cancer Cases, 1995-2003
    • HIV/AIDS
• New Cases of HIV, 1996-2005

CHARTS

• Map of Estonia
• Population by Age Group, 2006 (%)
• Birth, Death and Infant Mortality Rates, 1997-2005
• Leading Causes of Death, 2005 (%)

HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

• ORGANISATION & ADMINISTRATION
• HEALTH EXPENDITURE
  • Health Expenditure by Source, 1999-2004 (Ekr 000)
  • Health Expenditure by Source, 1999-2004 (%)
  • Health Expenditure by Source, 2004 (Ekr 000)
  • Public Health Expenditure, 2004 (Ekr 000)
  • Private Health Expenditure, 2004 (Ekr 000)
• HOSPITAL SERVICES
• Hospital Resources
  • Hospital Trends, 1995-2004
• Hospital Activity
  • Hospital Activity, 1996-2004
  • Hospital Admissions by Specialty, 1995-2001
  • Average Length of Stay by Specialty, 1995-2001 (Days)
  • Bed Occupancy by Specialty, 1995-2001 (%)
  • Bed Turnover by Specialty, 1995-2001
• Private Hospitals
  • Private Hospital Trends, 1994-2004
  • Private Hospitals & Beds by County, 2001-2004
• AMBULATORY CARE
  • Outpatient Visits Trends, 1996-2004
  • Outpatient Visits by County, 2004
• MEDICAL PERSONNEL
  • Medical Personnel Trends, 1996-2004
  • Doctors by Specialty, 1990-2001
  • Doctors by County, 1999-2004
  • Other Medical Personnel, 1995-2004

CHARTS

• Health Expenditure by Source, 2004 (%)

ACCESSING THE PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET

• INTRODUCTION
• REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT
  • Pharmaceutical Registration
    • Marketing Authorisation
    • Clinical Trials
  • Clinical Trials, 1991-2005
• Advertising
• Patent Protection & Intellectual Property Rights
• Pricing and Reimbursement
  • Pharmaceutical Reimbursement Rates and Co-payments, 2001
• DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS
  • Leading Wholesalers by Market Share (%), 2000-2005
  • Sales of Medicinal Products in Retail and Hospital Pharmacies (Ekr millions)
• Distributors
  • Berren OU
  • Magnum Pro Med Ltd.
  • AS Oriola
  • Tamro Eesti AS
  • TopMed AS
• TRADE FAIRS
• Medifar
• DOMESTIC PRODUCTION
  • Domestic Producers
    • Tallinna Farmaatsiatehase AS
• DIRECTORY

FINLAND

BACKGROUND DATA

• GEOGRAPHY
• POLITICAL OVERVIEW
• ECONOMIC OVERVIEW
  • Estimated/Projected GDP 2004-2011
• POPULATION
  • Population, 1990-2005
  • Population by Region, 2000-2005
• DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS
  • Demographic Indicators, 1995-2005
• MORTALITY
  • Registered Causes of Death, 2001-2005
• MORBIDITY
  • Reported Incidence of Infectious Diseases, 2002-2006
  • Reported Cases of HIV & AIDS, and AIDS Related Deaths, 1995-2006

CHARTS

• Map of Finland
• Population by Age Group, 2005 (%)
• Leading Causes of Death, 2005 (%)

HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

• ORGANISATION & ADMINISTRATION
• HEALTH EXPENDITURE
  • Health Expenditure at Current Prices, 1985-2004 (million euros)
  • Health Expenditure by Category, 1998-2004 (million euros)
  • Outpatient Expenditure by Category, 1994-2000 (million euros)
• HOSPITAL SERVICES
  • Hospitals by Type, 1998
  • Hospital Beds, 1993-2003
• Hospital Activity
  • Inpatient Activity Summary, 1990-2004
  • Average Length of Stay by Healthcare Provision, 2003 (days)
  • Average Length of Stay by Hospital Type, 1992-2001
  • Average Length of Stay by Speciality, 1995-2003
  • Inpatient Primary Healthcare Patient Numbers, 1997-2003
  • Inpatient Primary Healthcare Patient Days by Significant Disease Groups, 1997-2003
  • Inpatient Specialised Healthcare Patient Numbers, 1997-2003
  • Inpatient Specialised Healthcare Patient Days, 1997-2003
  • Average Length of Stay in Specialised Healthcare by Disease Classification, 1997-2003 (Days)
• Hospital Procedures
  • Patient Numbers for Common Operations and Procedures, 1997-2003
  • Care Days for Operations and Procedures, 1997-2003
  • Average Length of Stay for Common Operations and Procedures, 1997-2003 (days)
• AMBULATORY CARE
  • Outpatient Visits to Health Centres by Type of Activity, 1998-2003
  • Outpatient Visits to Specialist Outpatient Centres by Specialty, 1999-2003
  • Dental Visits, 1997-2003
• MEDICAL PERSONNEL
  • Healthcare Professionals of Working Age, 2002-2003
  • Healthcare Professionals of Working Age, 1995-2003
  • Physicians of Working Age by specialty, 2004

CHARTS

• Health Expenditure by Category, 2004 (%)
• Health Expenditure, 1985-2004
• Total Admissions and ALOS, 1990-2004

ACCESSING THE PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET

• INTRODUCTION
• REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT
  • European Union Regulatory Reforms
  • Centralised Procedure
  • The EMEA
  • Mutual Recognition Procedure
• Pharmaceutical Registration
• Advertising
• Patent Protection & Intellectual Property Rights
  • Supplementary Protection Certificates
• Pricing and Reimbursement
  • Reimbursement
  • Drug Price Structure
• DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS
  • Pharmacies, 1980-2005
• Distributors
• DOMESTIC PRODUCTION
  • Summary of Domestic Production, 2000-2005 (euro thousands)
  • Summary of Manufacturing Facilities and Employees, 2000-2005
• Trade Associations
  • PIF member companies, 2006
• Domestic Producers
• Research & Development
• DIRECTORY

CHARTS

• Average Drug Price Structure, 2004

LATVIA

BACKGROUND DATA

• GEOGRAPHY
• POLITICAL OVERVIEW
• ECONOMIC OVERVIEW
• POPULATION
  • Population, 1994-2006
  • Population by Area, 1994-2006
  • Population of Major Cities, 2001-2006
  • Population by Age Group, 2000-2006
• DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS
  • Demographic Indicators, 1997-2005
• MORTALITY
  • Leading Causes of Death, 2005
  • Leading Causes of Death, 2000-2004
    • Infant Mortality
  • Leading Causes of Infant Death, 2002-2005
• MORBIDITY
  • Communicable/infectious diseases
• Reported Infectious Diseases, 2000-2005
  • Cancer
• Cancer Incidence, 1998-2005
  • Tuberculosis
• TB Cases, 1998-2005
  • HIV/AIDS
• Cumulative Reported Cases of HIV and AIDS, 1999-2005

CHARTS

• Map of Latvia
• Population by Age, 2006 (%)
• Causes of Death, 2005 (%)

HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

• ORGANISATION & ADMINISTRATION
  • Public sector
  • Private sector
• HEALTH EXPENDITURE
• HOSPITAL SERVICES
  • Hospitals and Beds, 2000-2005
  • Hospital Beds by Regional Sickness Fund, 2000-2001
  • Beds by Specialty and Operator, 2002
  • Hospital Beds by Specialty, 1999-2005
• Hospital Activity
  • Hospital Activity, 1998-2005
    • Surgical procedures
  • Surgical Operations Performed, 1999-2004
• AMBULATORY CARE
  • Outpatient Facilities, 2000-2005
  • Outpatient Visits, 1998-2005
• MEDICAL PERSONNEL
  • Physicians by Specialty, 2001-2005
  • Personnel by Employer and Region, 2001
  • Other Medical Staff, 2000-2005

ACCESSING THE PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET

• INTRODUCTION
• REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT
• Pharmaceutical Registration
• Advertising
• Patent Protection & Intellectual Property Rights
• Pricing and Reimbursement
• DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS
  • Hospital purchasing
• Distributors
  • Farmserviss
  • Magnum Medical
  • Mepha Latvia
  • Recipe Plus
  • Tamro SIA
• DOMESTIC PRODUCTION
• Trade Associations
  • Latvian Chamber of Commerce & Industry
• Domestic Producers
  • Kalceks
  • Grindex
  • Olainfarm
• DIRECTORY
• Healthcare Organisations
• Trade Associations

LITHUANIA

BACKGROUND DATA

• GEOGRAPHY
• POLITICAL OVERVIEW
• ECONOMIC OVERVIEW
  • Economic Indicators, 2004-2011
• POPULATION
  • Population, 1990-2006 (000s)
  • Population by Area, 1990-2006 (000s)
• DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS
  • Principal Demographic Indicators, 1998-2005
• MORTALITY
  • Causes of Death, 1995-2004
    • Infant mortality
  • Infant Deaths by Cause, 2004
• MORBIDITY
  • Infectious diseases
  • Selected Notifiable Diseases, 1999-2004
    • HIV & AIDS
  • Reported Incidence of and Deaths from HIV & AIDS, 1995-2004
    • Cancer
  • Incidence and Prevalence of Malignant Neoplasms, 1997-2004
  • New Cancer Cases by Leading Site, 2001

CHARTS

• Map of Lithuania
• Population by Age Group, 2006 (%)
• Birth & Death Rates, 1995-2005
• Causes of Death, 2004 (%)

HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

• ORGANISATION & ADMINISTRATION
• HEALTH EXPENDITURE
  • Health Expenditure, 1999-2004 (LTL millions)
  • CHIF Expenditure by Type, 2003
• HOSPITAL SERVICES
• Hospital Resources
  • Hospitals & Beds, 1996-2004
  • Hospitals by Specialty, 2003-2004
  • Hospital Beds by Specialty, 1996-2001
• Hospital Activity
  • Hospital Activity, 1996-2004
  • Discharges of Adults by Diagnosis, 1995-2004 (Per 1,000 Population)†
  • Discharges of Children by Diagnosis, 1995-2004 (Per 000 Population)†
    • Surgical Procedures
  • Surgical Procedures in Hospitals, 1997-2004
• AMBULATORY CARE
  • Outpatient Facilities, 2003-2004
  • First Aid Services, 1995-2001
  • Doctor and Dentist Visits, 1996-2004
• MEDICAL PERSONNEL
  • Medical Personnel, 1995-2004
• Doctors by Specialty, 2000-2003

CHARTS

• Health Expenditure by Source, 2004 (%)

ACCESSING THE PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET

• INTRODUCTION
• REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT
• Pharmaceutical Registration
  • Marketing Authorisation
  • Marketing Authorisation Applications & Renewals, 2004-2005
  • Evaluated Marketing Authorisation Applications & Renewals, 2004-2005
    • Post-market Surveillance
    • Quality Control
    • Clinical Trials
• Advertising
• Patent Protection & Intellectual Property Rights
• Pricing & Reimbursement
• DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS
• Distributors
  • Asotra
  • Armedika
  • Armila
  • Entafarma
  • Tamro
  • K. Backevicius Personal Enterpise (Korys)
• TRADE FAIRS
• DOMESTIC PRODUCTION
• Domestic Producers
  • Sanitas
  • Sanitas' Sales, 1998-2005 (LTL millions)
• DIRECTORY
• Government Organisations
• Trade Associations

NORWAY

BACKGROUND DATA

• GEOGRAPHY
• POLITICAL OVERVIEW
• ECONOMIC OVERVIEW
• POPULATION
  • Population, 1994-2006
  • Population by County, 2004-2006
• DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS
  • Demographic Indicators, 1999-2005
• MORTALITY
  • Causes of Death, 2001-2003
  • Causes of Death 2004
• MORBIDITY
  • Individually Notified Cases of Infectious Diseases, 2000-2005
    • Tuberculosis
  • Notified Cases of Tuberculosis, 1995-2004
    • Cancer
  • New Cases of Cancer by Primary Site and Sex, 2005
    • HIV/AIDS
  • HIV /AIDS cases, 1984-2005

CHARTS

• Map of Norway
• Population by Age Group, 2006 (%)

HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

• ORGANISATION & ADMINISTRATION
• HEALTH EXPENDITURE
  • Health Expenditure by Function of Care, 2001-2006 (NOK millions)
  • Health Expenditure by function and Source of Funding, 2004 (%)
• HOSPITAL SERVICES
  • Number of Health Institutions, 1998
  • Number of Beds by Type of Institution, 2000-2004
  • Beds in Somatic Hospitals by Specialty, 1995-2000
    • Elderly Care Beds
  • Beds in Institutions for the Aged, 1999-2004
• Hospital Activity
  • Patient Activity in Healthcare Institutions, 1999-2004
  • Discharges from Somatic Hospitals by Diagnosis, 2005
  • Discharges from General Hospitals by Diagnosis, 2002-2005
    • Day Cases
  • General Hospital Day Cases, 2006
  • General Hospital Day Cases, 2002-2006
• AMBULATORY CARE
  • Hospital Outpatient Care
• Outpatient Consultations, 2004-2006
• MEDICAL PERSONNEL
  • Physicians by Specialty, June 2005
  • Dentists & Other Dentistry Staff, 2003-2004

ACCESSING THE PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET

• INTRODUCTION
• REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT
• Pharmaceutical Registration
  • Centralised Procedure
  • The EMEA
  • Mutual Recognition Procedure
• Patent Protection & Intellectual Property Rights
• Pricing and Reimbursement
  • Pharmacoeconomic Analyses
• DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS
• Distributors
  • Holtung AS
  • Norsk Medisinaldepot AS
  • Tamro Distribution AS
• Parallel Imports
  • Parallel Imported Drug Sales, 1995-2004
• DOMESTIC PRODUCTION
• Trade Associations
• Domestic Producers
• Research & Development
  • R&D Expenditure, 1995-2005
• DIRECTORY

SWEDEN

BACKGROUND DATA

• GEOGRAPHY
• POLITICAL OVERVIEW
• ECONOMIC OVERVIEW
  • Gross Domestic Product, 2007-2012
• POPULATION
  • Population by County, 2005-2006
• DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS
  • Demographic Indicators, 1998-2006
• MORTALITY
  • Registered Causes of Death, 2000-2003
• MORBIDITY
  • Leading Notifiable Infectious Diseases, 1998-2004
    • Cancer
  • Cancer, Reported Cases by Site, 2002-2004
    • HIV/AIDS
  • HIV/AIDS Cases, 1990-2005

CHARTS

• Map of Sweden
• Population by Age Group, 2005 (%)
• Leading Causes of Death, 2003 (%)

HEALTHCARE SYSTEM

• ORGANISATION & ADMINISTRATION
• HEALTH EXPENDITURE
  • Health Expenditure by Sector, 2000-2005 (SEK million)
• County Council Financing
• Patient Fees
• HOSPITAL SERVICES
• Hospital Resources
  • Public Hospital Trends, 1997-2005
  • Public Hospitals by Type, 1999
  • Public Hospital Beds by Type, 1995-2003
  • Public Hospital Beds by Specialty, 2002 & 2003
  • Public Hospital Beds by Region & Type, 2003
• Hospital Activity
  • Admissions
  • Inpatient Admissions by Disease, 2001-2005
  • Inpatient Admissions by Sex and Disease, 2005
    • Average Length of Stay (ALOS)
  • ALOS by Hospital Type, 1994-1999 (Days)
    • Hospital Discharges
  • Discharges by Hospital Type, 1994-1999 (000s)
  • Bed Days by Hospital Type, 1996-1999 (000s)
• AMBULATORY CARE
  • Outpatient Visits to Doctors by Sector & County, 1999 (000s)
    • Dental Care
  • Public Sector Dental Care, 1990-1998
• MEDICAL PERSONNEL
  • Doctors, 1990-2020
  • Public Sector Medical Personnel 1999-2003
  • Doctors by County, 2005
  • Doctors by Specialty, 2005
  • Other Medical Personnel, 1997-2000†

ACCESSING THE PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET

• INTRODUCTION
• REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT
• National Procedure
• European Union Regulatory Reforms
• Marketing Authorisations
  • Registration Fees
    • Market Authorisation Fees
  • Marketing Authorisation Fees (SEK) †
    • Annual Registration Fees
  • Annual Registration Fees (SEK) †
    • Labelling & Packaging
    • Post-Marketing Surveillance
    • Clinical Trials
• Pharmaceutical Product Approvals
  • Approved Pharmaceutical Products, 1985-2005
  • Approved New Chemical Entities and Average Processing Period, 1985-2005
• Patent Protection & Intellectual Property Rights
  • Pricing and Reimbursement
    • Criteria for reimbursement
    • Cost effectiveness
    • Appealing Decisions
• Generic Substitution
  • Price decline for off-patent drugs
• DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS
  • VAT and Import Duty
  • Pharmacies
• Pharmacies, 1980-2005
• Distributors
  • Kronans Droghandel AB (KD AB)
  • Tamro Sweden
• Wholesale Distribution Authorisation
• Parallel Imports
  • Parallel Imported Pharmaceutical Market, 1997-2005
• DOMESTIC PRODUCTION
• Domestic Production, 2001-2004 (SEK 000s)
  • Leading Pharmaceutical Manufacturers by Sales, 2005
• Trade Associations
• Domestic Producers
• Multinationals
• Research & Development
• DIRECTORY
• Government Organisations
• Trade Associations

CHARTS

• R&D Clinical Costs, 1999-2005 (SEK billions)

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